(1)1:250,000 geological environment survey and mapping
Six major economic zones in the east, such as Bohai Rim Economic Zone, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, West Coast Economic Zone, Beibu Gulf Economic Zone and Changjitu Economic Zone, and four major economic zones in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, Central Plains Economic Zone, Guanzhong Economic Zone and Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Zone, have basically completed the geological environment survey at the regional scale of1∶ 250,000, and systematically evaluated the regional geological structure, topography, hydrogeology, engineering geology and environmental geological conditions. Atlas includes not only basic maps reflecting the geological and environmental geological conditions of important economic zones, such as regional geological maps, hydrogeological maps, engineering geological maps and environmental geological maps, but also application maps reflecting the resource conditions of important economic zones, such as groundwater resources distribution map, groundwater exploitation potential zoning map and geothermal resources distribution map, as well as application maps reflecting the environmental geological problems of important economic zones, such as geological disaster point distribution map, geological disaster-prone zoning map, main active faults and earthquake resistance. Through the investigation, revision and mapping of1∶ 250,000 geological environment, this paper systematically summarizes the main geological environment problems existing in important economic zones, comprehensively analyzes the spatial distribution and changes of groundwater quality, sudden geological disasters, delayed geological disasters and active faults, and studies and forms countermeasures and suggestions. On the basis of exploring the theoretical basis and technical framework of resource and environmental carrying capacity evaluation, economic zones such as Bohai Rim and Pearl River Delta have carried out resource and environmental carrying capacity evaluation, which provides a scientific basis for comprehensive management of geological environment.
(2)1:50,000 geological environment survey
According to the huge demand for the development of important economic zones and the degree of preliminary work, focusing on the core areas of important economic zones, a1∶ 50,000 hydrogeological survey, engineering geological survey or environmental geological survey was carried out in key areas such as Tianjin Binhai New Area, Laizhou Bay, Lingang Industrial Zone on the west side of the Taiwan Strait, Nankang Basin in Beibu Gulf, Zhengbian and Xixian New Area, and the hydrogeological conditions, engineering geological conditions and environmental geological problems in key areas were identified. According to statistics, in recent years, the cumulative area of geological environment survey in important economic zones1∶ 50,000 is about1×104km2, and the degree of geological survey of hydraulic environment is further improved. For example, in 20 13 years, Nantong area in the Yangtze River Delta completed 8 hydrogeological surveys and engineering geological surveys of1:50,000, and re-divided Quaternary strata, aquifers and engineering geological layers. Combined with the newly drilled holes, three-dimensional geological structures of Quaternary, hydrogeology and engineering geology are established in key coastal areas, which provides technical support for coastal engineering construction. Through the geological environment survey of1∶ 50,000, a number of underground water sources for emergency water supply have been delineated for Caofeidian New District, Xiantao, Fuzhou, Changchun and other cities, effectively ensuring the safety of urban water supply. Fuzhou, Fuqing, Xi and other cities have delineated a number of geothermal temperature anomaly areas, which have promoted the development and utilization of geothermal resources.
(3) Urban Geological Survey
By the end of 20 13, including 6 cities including Beijing and Tianjin, urban geological surveys have been carried out nationwide 16 provinces and 3 1 city. Among them, 12 city has been built, and 19 city is under development (table 7–9). Through collecting and sorting out massive geological data and supplementing investigation work, urban geological survey can find out urban geological resources, geological environment and geological disasters, comprehensively evaluate the carrying capacity of urban resources and environment, and establish urban geological information management and service system, aiming at providing basic basis for urban planning, construction and management. Tangshan urban geological survey confirmed the karst development and the spatial distribution of mined-out subsidence areas in Tangshan urban planning area. Find out the engineering geological conditions of Airport City, Phoenix New City and Central City. Find out the structural characteristics of groundwater flow field and aquifer strata in Tangshan urban planning area in dry season and wet season, and complete emergency water source exploration; A three-dimensional structure model of bedrock geology in Tangshan urban planning area is established. Xiamen Urban Geological Survey has extensively collected more than 60,000 borehole data in Xiamen, and completed special investigations on coastal erosion and deposition, emergency water sources, water and soil geochemistry, etc. Based on modern information technology, a digital and three-dimensional visual urban geological information and service system is constructed. Fuzhou Geological Survey carried out Quaternary geological, engineering geological and hydrogeological investigations in Minjiang Estuary. The evaluation of crustal stability in Fuzhou, the investigation of hidden danger areas of geological disasters and the study of disaster-causing mechanism, and the investigation and monitoring of seawater intrusion were carried out. The present situation of domestic waste treatment in Fuzhou and its surrounding areas was investigated, and the evaluation index system of site selection suitability of domestic waste landfill in Fuzhou was initially established. The geochemical evaluation of water and soil environment in Minjiang Estuary was carried out.
Table 7-9 National Urban Geological Survey Statistics
(Source: China Geological Survey)
(4) Special research on geological environment problems.
On the basis of systematically summarizing the geological environment problems in various important economic zones, the major problems such as active faults, land subsidence, coastal zone change and karst collapse were investigated and studied.
Investigate active faults in economic zones such as Bohai Rim, urban agglomerations in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the west coast of Taiwan Strait and Beibu Gulf. Through investigation, Liu Gao fault and Baigezhuang fault, which pass through the key planning area of Caofeidian New District, are basically identified as active faults, and the possible influence range is delineated. The location, spatial distribution and activity characteristics of Yishui-Tangtou fault and Anqiu-Juxian fault in the south bank of Laizhou Bay have been basically identified. Combined with the drilling results, there was strong activity in the northern section of Changyi before the early late Pleistocene. The main active faults of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration were investigated. Gongtian-Ningxiang fault, Miaowan-Luojiawuchang fault and Hanbei-Zaoshi fault are three regional large-scale active faults. The investigation and study of neotectonics in Wuhan metropolitan area focused on Mazuan fault and Xiangguang fault, and 30 basalt outcrops related to Mazuan fault and Xiangguang fault were newly discovered, and the important traces of Quaternary activity of Xiangguang fault were newly discovered in the Quaternary coverage area of Xinzhou Yangluo area for the first time. On the basis of understanding the active faults in the focal mechanism of the economic zone on the west side of the Taiwan Strait, the main faults of Changle-Nan 'ao fault zone-Dongshan Janice fault and Du Xun fault are selected for key exploration. The Beibu Gulf Economic Zone conducted a special fault activity survey on Lingshan-Qin Fang fault zone. Through ground investigation, geophysical exploration and dating, it is shown that the fault zone has been active since Quaternary.
Land subsidence survey and monitoring were carried out in the economic zones around Bohai Sea, Yangtze River Delta, Central Plains and Guanzhong. Through investigation, Bohai Economic Zone has basically grasped the present situation, occurrence mechanism and changes of land subsidence in Tianjin Binhai New Area and Caofeidian Industrial Zone, and put forward some suggestions on the elevation design of the top surface of coastal moisture-proof dike. The dynamic monitoring network of land subsidence has been improved, and the construction and monitoring of the standard group of land subsidence stratification in Sino-Singapore eco-city have been completed. In view of the major environmental geological problems such as land subsidence and ground fissures in the Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone, three demonstration sites for ground fissures and 1 ground subsidence optical fiber monitoring were established in Suzhou, Wuxi and Changzhou by using new technologies and methods. Yancheng Dafeng established the land subsidence stratification standard group, and Yancheng Sheyang started the deepest land subsidence stratification standard in Jiangsu Province. During 2006 ~ 20 12, the surface deformation of Shanghai-Hangzhou high-speed railway, Hangzhou-Ningbo high-speed railway, Hangzhou Bay cross-sea bridge and Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport was monitored by INSAR technology. The Central Plains Economic Zone conducted land subsidence surveys in Zhengzhou, Kaifeng and Luoyang, and established monitoring systems. Guanzhong Economic Zone has carried out special research on environmental geological problems such as land subsidence, ground fissures, sand liquefaction and loess collapsibility in Xixian New Area, Daxian, and the preliminary results have provided basic geological data for the planning and construction of the new zone.
Coastal economic zones such as Bohai Rim, Yangtze River Delta, West Coast of the Taiwan Strait and Pearl River Delta have investigated the coastal zone and its changes. In the economic zone around Bohai Sea, the changes of erosion and deposition in key sections such as Diantou deep trough and Laolonggou tidal channel in Caofeidian Industrial Zone were investigated and monitored, and the interaction degree between land reclamation projects and ocean hydrodynamic environment in recent years was basically grasped, and suggestions for zoning the optimal development and utilization of coastal waters were put forward. Taking the coastal zone of Laizhou Bay as the research object, the three-dimensional distribution model of groundwater in muddy and muddy coastal zones is established, and the salt water intrusion in coastal zones is found out. The coastline change data of Liaohe delta wetland research area in recent 100 years are obtained. Based on the underwater topographic monitoring data, remote sensing interpretation results and Jinshan deep trough measurement results, the change law and evolution trend of the upper coastline and river (sea) bed in the Yangtze River Delta are analyzed. Investigation on the upper reaches of salt tide (seawater intrusion) in key areas was carried out in the economic zone on the west side of the Taiwan Strait, with emphasis on Nagato Waterway and Meihua Waterway at the mouth of Minjiang River. The results show that with the rise of sea level, the salt tide may be traced back to Mawei and Luozhou. Monitoring in Niaozui area of Meihua Town, Changle City shows that seawater intrusion has obviously intensified. In the Pearl River Delta, environmental geological problems such as land reclamation and coastal changes were investigated, and the influence of land reclamation on coastal changes and the geological and ecological environmental effects of coastal changes were analyzed and studied.
Investigate karst collapse in Wuhan urban agglomeration, Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan and other economic zones. Through investigation, the distribution and development characteristics of land subsidence in Wuhan urban agglomeration, Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration and Poyang Lake ecological economic zone in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River were found out. Through the investigation of karst collapse in Wuhan city circle1∶ 50,000, the distribution of carbonate rocks in key sections was determined, and more than 90 ground collapses 190 were delineated. The types of land subsidence have been identified in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration, and more than 20 land subsidence 120 have been delineated.
(V) Construction of Geological Environment Information Platform
The construction of database and information platform is an important part of geological environment work in important economic zones. In order to standardize the construction of geological environment information platform, the Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, based on the Code for the Investigation and Evaluation of Urban Environmental Geology, researched and compiled the Guide for the Construction of Geological Environment Investigation and Evaluation Database of Urban Agglomeration. In cooperation with China Geo University (Wuhan), an information system for investigation and evaluation of geological environment in important economic zones and urban agglomerations was developed, including five subsystems: data entry, data management and maintenance, data analysis and evaluation, 3D visualization information service and 3D modeling tools. The functions of multi-source geological data database, various professional analysis and evaluation based on database, three-dimensional visualization and three-dimensional professional model establishment and display are realized. The massive geological data collected and investigated in important economic zones are standardized and entered into the database, and the construction and improvement of the information platform system are continuously promoted through the application of information systems. Taking Wuhan city circle and Caofeidian industrial zone as the pilot, the construction of three-dimensional geological environment information system will be promoted.
Table 7- 10 Statistics of Geological Environment Investigation in Important Economic Zones
(Source: Collaborative Deployment Platform of National Geological Survey, 20 14)
A. When will the results query of Hefei Normal University in 2020 come out?
The announcement and inquiry time of grade 2020 of Hefei Normal Universi