The emergence and development of pedagogy
(A) the independence of pedagogy
The Great Teaching Theory published by 1 and Comenius 1632 is regarded as a sign that pedagogy has embarked on the road of independent development. The main contributions are as follows: (1) the idea that education adapts to nature, emphasizing that education should follow the law of human natural development;
(2) put forward the idea of "cosmic wisdom" and advocate imparting all knowledge to all people;
(3) A series of teaching principles, such as intuition, systematicness, ability, firmness and consciousness, are put forward and demonstrated for the first time. (4) Put forward the idea of academic year system, and discuss the class teaching system in theory for the first time.
2. Rousseau's educational masterpiece Emile put forward the idea of natural and free education.
3. Pestaloch, a Swiss civilian educator, believes that the purpose of education is to develop all the natural talents of children in an all-round and harmonious way according to the laws of nature, and the primary responsibility of educators is to shape a complete person with personality characteristics.
4. Random Talk on Education is the representative work of Locke, a modern British educator. Whiteboard Theory and Gentleman Education.
(B) the establishment of standardized teaching methods
1 and Herbart 1806' s General Pedagogy marks the formal birth of pedagogy as a standardized independent discipline. The outline of pedagogy was published in 1835. He was the first to put forward ethics and psychology as the theoretical basis of pedagogy, so as to make pedagogy a science and lay the foundation of scientific pedagogy. The four-stage teaching method of "clarity, association, system and method" is put forward, which forms the characteristics of traditional education teacher center, teaching material center and classroom center.
2. Dewey's Democracy and Education summarizes the essence of education as "education is life", "education is growth" and "education is the transformation and reorganization of experience". Formed a child-centered, active curriculum, learning by doing teaching philosophy.
3. The birth and development of Marxist pedagogy. From 65438 to 0939, Kailov, an educational theorist in the former Soviet Union, published Pedagogy under the Guidance of Marxist Theory.