Confucius (55 BC1~ 479 BC) was named Zhong Ni. A great thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Lu people. He was the founder of the Confucian school and put forward the idea of "benevolence". He was a famous thinker and educator in ancient China.

He is studious, knowledgeable and versatile. He initiated the atmosphere of private lectures, and recruited disciples, regardless of wealth. It is said that there are 3000 disciples, 72 of whom are excellent. He became an emissary of cultural exchange. He traveled around the world, and devoted himself to the collation and dissemination of ancient documents, education, sorting out ancient classics such as poems and books, and deleting Chunqiu in his later years. Its students recorded their thoughts and actions in The Analects.

Through lifelong advocacy and the development of Confucianism in past dynasties, Confucius made China's Confucianism the mainstream of China culture and the guiding ideology of China people for more than 2,000 years. The core of Confucius' ideological system is the rule of virtue, and he persistently advocates a benign society and a benign life. The highest standard of Dehua society is "courtesy", and the highest value of Dehua life is "benevolence". Confucius taught people to actively pursue the "loyalty and forgiveness" of "standing if you want, reaching if you want" and "don't do to others what you don't want", so as to establish a correct outlook on life and correctly handle the relationship between people. Confucius advocated the teaching of "harmony between man and nature" to deal with the relationship between man and nature. He also expounded and spread the truth that people should not only be kind to people, but also love things. Confucius advocated that the country should implement the moral policy of "teaching the rich" to develop society and culture. Confucius believes that the highest achievement of civilization is to create an ideal society by cultivating ideal personality, and to achieve the realm of "the world is public" and "the world is harmonious" by practicing the principle of "the sage inside and the king outside". Because of Confucius' outstanding contribution and far-reaching influence, he was respected by the people of China as the most sacred teacher and a teacher for generations.

Confucius has gone for more than 2,000 years, and the theory he founded occupied a dominant position in ancient China and became the mainstream of China culture, with far-reaching influence. Modern China was impacted by western culture, and his theory was strongly criticized by the intellectual elite, which was almost a devastating blow. In the 20th century, when people deeply thought and reflected on people's own problems, his thoughts and theories attracted the attention of experts and scholars all over the world.

② Sima Qian

(before 145 or before 135 ~? )

Historians and writers of the Western Han Dynasty. Zichang, Zuo Fengyi, was born in xia yang (now southwest of Hancheng, Shaanxi). Born in the fifth year of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty (BC 145), born in the sixth year of Emperor Jian Yuan of the Han Dynasty (BC 135), the date of death is unknown. Sima Qian 10 years old began to study ancient literature biographies. During Yuan Guang and Yuan Shuo of Han Dynasty, he studied under the modern writer Dong Zhongshu's "The Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ram" and the ancient prose writer Kong Anguo. At the age of 20, he roamed south from Chang 'an, the capital, and traveled all over the Jianghuai Valley and the Central Plains, where he visited local customs and collected legends. Soon, he became a doctor, bodyguard and retinue of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and accompanied him to the Western Seas many times, and sent envoys to Bashu. In the third year of Yuanfeng (BC 108), Sima Tan, the stepfather of Sima Qian, was the official of Taishi, in charge of astronomical calendar and royal atlas, so it depends on the books collected by historians. In the first year of Taichu (BC 104), he signed a calendar with Luo to replace the Zhuan Xu calendar inherited by Qin, and the new calendar adapted to the needs of the society at that time. From then on, Sima Qian began to write historical records. Later, he was convicted, imprisoned and rotted for defending Li Ling who surrendered to Xiongnu.

After he was released from prison, he worked as a secretary, continued to write angrily, and finally finished the writing of Historical Records. People call his book Taishi Gongshu. It is the first biography of China, which has a far-reaching influence on later historiography. Historical Records is an excellent literary work with vivid language and vivid image. Sima Qian also wrote a book, Bao Ren 'an, describing his imprisonment and his ambition to write a book, which was praised by all previous dynasties.

Sima Qian is a great historian in the history of China. "He was imprisoned for his outspoken advice, but he was even more angry because of it. His Historical Records, a famous historian at all times and at all times, left a valuable cultural heritage for the people of China and the people of the world. One, stepfather, is a historian.

Sima Qian was born in the fifth year of the Central Plains (BC 145) at the foot of Longmen Mountain (in Hancheng County, Shaanxi Province).

In the third year of Yuanfeng (BC 108), Sima Qian inherited his father Sima Tan's legacy and became an official, and began to sort out and select historical classics from the Royal Library. Sima Qian's ancestors were not very prominent, and the family was in charge of Taishi's position for generations. But Sima Qian and his father were proud of it. In their minds, compiling history is a lofty cause. They devoted their lives to it.

Sima Tan has been preparing to write a history book linking the past and the present. Under the direct guidance of his father, Sima Qian began to learn ancient Chinese at the age of ten. Later, I studied Chunqiu from Dong Zhongshu and Shangshu from Kong Anguo. Sima Qian studied hard, made rapid progress and was full of learning spirit.

When Sima Qian's father died, he took his son by the hand and said to him with tears: "... after I die, you must continue to be a teacher." Don't forget that my lifelong wish is to write a general history. You must inherit my career, don't forget! " This earnest entrustment greatly shocked Sima Qian. He saw his father's rare sense of mission and responsibility as a historian, and he also knew that his father had pinned his unfinished business on himself. Sima Qian lowered his head with tears and replied sadly and firmly, "Son, although I have no talent, I will definitely fulfill your wish."

After Sima Qian made the Taishi Order, he had the opportunity to read books and important materials that could not be seen by the outside world. This provided good conditions for him to write historical records in the future. However, data sorting is very complicated. Due to the confusion of books and national archives at that time, even there was no catalogue to consult, Sima Qian had to look for clues from a large number of wooden slips and silk books, and sort out and textual research on historical materials. Over the past few years, Sima Qian has racked his brains and made great efforts to sort out and textual research historical materials almost every day.

Sima Qian has always remembered his father's legacy and is determined to follow Confucius' example in compiling Spring and Autumn Annals and write a historical work that can also be immortal. In BC 104, Sima Qian presided over the revision of the calendar, and at the same time officially began to write his masterpiece Historical Records.

His great patriotism and lofty personality will always shine with immortal light.

③ Qin Shihuang

Qin Shihuang, named Ying Zheng, was the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty. He later destroyed six countries and unified China. For two thousand years, the evaluation of him has been controversial, so what kind of person is Qin Shihuang?

The first person called the emperor-Qin Shihuang Ying Zheng.

The emperor was the supreme ruler of the feudal dynasty in China, the leader of the integration of politics and religion, and possessed supreme power. The word "Emperor" means "both a sage and Huang San, serving the five emperors". It was first determined by Ying Zheng, king of Qin, after the unification of the six countries, and was first used by him, that is, the so-called first emperor.

Qin Shihuang was named Ying Zheng. He was the first emperor of China and a legendary and epoch-making figure in the history of China. Such a famous figure, his childhood is very unfortunate. His father is the son of Qin. Although he was born in the royal family, he was sent as a "proton" to the state of Zhao, which was hostile to Qin. Ying Zheng was born in Zhao, where he lived alone for nine years. His childhood had a great influence on his life, and the controversial measures he took after the reunification of the six countries also had a lot to do with his personal experience.

For more than 2,000 years, Qin Shihuang was regarded as a tyrant by most people, and people criticized him for burning books and burying Confucianism, repairing the Great Wall, building palaces extensively and building great buildings. However, some people praised him as "an emperor through the ages" and affirmed his contribution to reunification, unified measurement and the territory of China. So, was Qin Shihuang a tyrant or an emperor? This is actually your evaluation of him. Different angles have different evaluations, so there are two different Qin Shihuang.

In fact, when we evaluate a person, we should affirm that the character of "person" is three-dimensional, that is to say, the character is multifaceted, so we can't draw conclusions unilaterally, and the same is true for evaluating Qin Shihuang. We often say that Emperor Qin built the Great Wall and palaces, wasting people and money. However, in that era of Qin Dynasty, the building technology was not developed. You don't have to use a lot of people's strength, but you should also build a military defense line like the Great Wall, okay? Although it brought pain to the people, it built a solid defense line for the Qin Dynasty to resist the invasion of Xiongnu, and also provided a foundation for future generations. Can't this be called meritorious service?

Qin Shihuang's other actions, such as merging the world, claiming the title of emperor, abolishing feudalism, setting up counties, selling weapons, moving to enrich the people, overcoming difficulties, conquering Baiyue, driving away Huns, dredging ditches, sharing the same track with cars, adopting laws, etc., have great influence on the great unity of the country, the establishment of China's political system, the establishment of China's territory and the inheritance of the Chinese nation. However, Qin Shihuang's autocracy, exorbitant taxes and harsh punishments not only led to the demise of the Qin Dynasty after the reunification of China 15, but also led to the autocratic monarchy of China for more than 2,000 years, which made the people of China live an unbearable inhuman life for a long time. We should not just defend Qin Shihuang, a tyrant.

It can be seen that Qin Shihuang, on the one hand, was the "one emperor through the ages" who created a unified situation, and on the other hand, he was an autocratic tyrant, which just confirmed the fact that human nature was three-dimensional. Therefore, judging a historical figure is not one-sided, and it is necessary to discuss it from multiple angles in order to return the true face of historical figures.

④ Zhang Heng

Zhang Heng (AD 78- 139) was born in Xi 'e, Nanyang (now Shiqiaoxia Village, Nanyang City, Henan Province), and was the same as Shangshu and Hejian. He is "intelligent, sensitive and eager to learn, like the death of Sichuan, sleepless." Virtue is overflowing, articles are floating in Yunfu, and the number is poor in the world, with good production, great technology and brilliance. "He" is not disrespectful, and he is disrespectful of virtue; "Don't be ashamed of disagreement with Lu, but be ashamed of wisdom." He was a great scientist, writer, inventor and politician in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and built a towering monument in the history of world science and culture.

In seismology, he invented the "Seismograph" (AD 132), which was the first instrument in the world to measure earthquakes and directions, more than 700 years earlier than Europe. In astronomy, he invented the "armillary sphere" (A.D. 1 17), which was the first large-scale astronomical instrument driven by water to observe stars in the world. He wrote books such as Notes on the Huntianyi Instrument and Lingxian, drew a complete star chart, and put forward the scientific conclusion that "moonlight is born in the sun and shines on it". In literature, he is a brilliant star in the history of China literature. The representative works "Tokyo Fu" and "Xijing Fu", collectively called "Erjing Fu", describe the prosperous scenes of Chang 'an and Luoyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty and satirize the dissolute and shameless parasitic life of bureaucrats and nobles. Du Nan Fu vividly depicts the social outlook, people's life and folk customs of Nanyang County at that time. In addition, he has written more than 30 articles, such as Ode to Love, Song with the Same Voice, Ode to Mystery, Ode to the Field, Poem of Four Sorrow, etc. In geography, he drew a complete topographic map, and developed a "drum cart in mind" and a "compass". In mathematics, he wrote The Theory of Calculation, and calculated the values of pi between 3. 1466 and 3. 1622. Although this is slightly different from the known pi today, it is amazing that people can have such an accurate calculation more than 800 years ago. His achievements predate those of Europe 1300 years. In meteorology, he created the "barometer", which is an instrument to predict the wind and direction, earlier than the western hyacinthus orientalis chicken 1000; In mechanics, his "single wood carving" is the earliest aircraft in the world, as well as plans (solar shadow devices) and activity calendars. In art, he ranks first among the six famous painters in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Zhang Heng's outstanding contributions in science and technology, literature and art are not only the glory and pride of the Chinese nation, but also the precious wealth left to the whole human history. Zhang Heng deserves to be the dazzling twin of science and literature in the world. 1956 10, inscription by Guo Moruo, president of China Academy of Sciences: "Such an all-round development figure is also rare in world history."

⑤ Li Bai

Li Bai (70 1-762), whose name is Taibai, is a violet layman. Originally from Longxi (now Qin Andong, Gansu Province) Ji Cheng, he was born in Broken Leaf City (then belonged to Anxi Dudufu). Later, he moved to Sichuan. At the beginning of Tianbao, he entered Chang 'an and congratulated Zhang Zhi, who was called Xianxian. He was recommended to Tang Xuanzong and invited to be an academician. A few days ago, he was reading a collection of works by Li Taibai, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. Li Bai's lyrics have become legends in the Song Dynasty (such as Wen Ying's Xiang). Cui's Jiao Fang Lu and Dunhuang manuscripts handed down today prove that there is a tune between Tang Kaiyuan and Tang Kaiyuan. However, it is difficult to determine whether the chapters handed down now are too white. Today, there are still records of Bodhisattva Man and Bodhisattva Man.

[China People Online] Li Bai

Li Bai, the word Taibai, was a great poet in Tang Dynasty in China. His poetic style is bold and unconstrained, his imagination is rich, his language is natural and fluent, and his temperament is harmonious and changeable. He is good at absorbing nutritious folk materials from folk songs and myths and forming his own unique magnificent color, which is the new peak of active romantic poetry since Qu Yuan.

First, good Ren Xia, hi Zongheng.

Li Bai was born in the first year of Chang 'an of Wu Zetian in the Western Regions (AD 70 1). At the age of five, he settled in Qinglian Township, Changlong (now Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province) with his family.

When Li Bai was young, he liked Ren Xia and had a good time. Mianzhou, where Changlong is located, has been an active place of Taoism since the end of Han Dynasty.

Therefore, Li Bai often went to Daitianshan to talk to Taoist priests from his youth.

Later, he lived in seclusion in Sleeping Mountain with a hermit named Dongyanzi, studied hard and stayed out of the city for many years. They keep many rare birds in the mountain forest where they live. These beautiful and docile birds, accustomed to being kept, fly in regularly for food, as if they can understand human language, and even peck the grain in people's hands when they call. I'm not scared at all. This incident was passed down as an anecdote, from far to near, and finally Mianzhou secretariat personally went up the mountain to watch the birds eat. Seeing that they can direct the bird's actions, the secretariat decided that they had Taoism, so they wanted to recommend them to take the Taoist exam. However, both of them politely refused.

Zhao Kun, a famous strategist at that time, was also a good friend of Li Bai. He wrote ten volumes of long and short classics in the fourth year of Kaiyuan (AD 7 16). Li Bai was only sixteen at that time. Zhao Kun's militaristic works, which studied the similarities and differences of the Six Classics, analyzed the world situation, emphasized the way of rise and fall, and created chaos, aroused Li Bai's great interest. He is bent on making contributions in the future.

Second, travel with a sword.

In the 13th year of Kaiyuan (AD 725), Li Bai went to Shu to "serve the country with his sword and leave his relatives for a long journey". He took a boat out of the gorge along the river and drifted away, and the mountains in his hometown gradually disappeared beyond recognition. Only the water flowing down from the Three Gorges still followed him, pushing his boat and sending him to a strange and distant city.

1 Jiangling was lucky to meet Sima Zhen.

Li Bai didn't expect an extraordinary meeting in Jiangling. He actually met Sima Zhen, a Taoist priest revered by san huang.

Sima Frame, a Taoist priest in Tiantai, not only learned a whole set of Taoist spells, but also wrote a good seal script, and his poems were as elegant as immortals. Xuanzong respected him very much. On one occasion, he called him to the Inner Temple to consult the scriptures, built a balcony for him to view, and sent his sister Princess Yu Zhen to learn Taoism from him.

Li Bai was naturally very happy to see the favored Taoist priest, and sent his own poems for his review. Li Bai is handsome and has extraordinary qualifications. Sima Zhen appreciated his poems at first sight, and he was even more amazed when he read them. He praised him as a "saint, but he could wander freely". Because he saw that Li Bai was not only extraordinary in appearance, but also outstanding in talent and articles, and he did not attract contemporary attention. This is a talent he has never met in the opposition for decades, so he is praised with the highest praise from Taoism. That is to say, he has "immortal roots", that is to say, he has an innate immortal factor, which is similar to what Zhang later praised him as "fallen immortal", and they all regarded him as an extraordinary person. This is the overall impression of Li Bai's demeanor and poetic style.

Li Bai rejoiced in Sima Zhen's high praise. He is determined to pursue such an eternal and immortal world as "wandering octupole". In addition to his excitement, he also wrote a great poem "Dapeng meets rare birds", which is a metaphor for Dapeng and boasts of its greatness and swiftness. This is the first article that Li Bai became famous in the world.

He set off from Jiangling and started his flight thousands of miles away.

2. Burying friends in Dongting

Li Bai went south from Jiangling, passed Yueyang, and then went south to reach one of the destinations of this trip.

However, while boating in Dongting Lake, an unfortunate thing happened. Li Bai's traveling companion Wu Guide came from Shu and died of a sudden illness. Li Bai is very sad. He fell down beside his friend and shouted, "Behind the tears is blood." Because he cried so much, passers-by cried for it. He was really helpless when he met such misfortune during his trip. Li Bai had to bury Wu Guide in Dongting Lake for the time being, and continued to swim eastward by himself, determined.

Li Bai came to Lushan Mountain and wrote the poem Looking at Lushan Waterfall.

3. A trip to the south of the Yangtze River

Li Bai came to Jinling, the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties. This place is a place where people live in the dragon's nest and the palaces of the Six Dynasties are vividly visible. This not only aroused many feelings of Li Bai, but also aroused his pride in his time. He thinks that the old cities are dilapidated and there is nothing to see. It is not as good as the emperor's rule, and the world is peaceful.

Although the domineering spirit of Jinling has disappeared, the children of Jinling received Li Bai with deep feelings. When Li Bai bid farewell to Jinling, Wu Ji raised a glass, and Jinling's children warmly welcomed him, frequently raising glasses to persuade him to drink. The feeling of farewell flows through people's hearts like a flowing river, which is unforgettable.

After Li Bai bid farewell to Jinling, he went to Yangzhou from the riverside.

Yangzhou was an international city at that time. Li Bai had never seen such a busy city, and spent some time with his fellow travelers. In midsummer, Li Bai and a few young friends wrote "grasshoppers are under the ocean, next to Oubei Avenue, looking at the green water on the horizon and the green hills on the sea", which is very pleasant. In autumn, he fell ill in Huainan (Yangzhou, where he ruled), and fell ill in other places. His thoughts were full of sighs about his achievements.

Li Bai went to Gusu after recovering from illness in Zhunnan. This is the place where Fu Cha, the king of Wu, and beautiful women sing and dance day and night. Li Bai missed the past and wrote an epic poem "Wu Qiqu". This poem was later praised by He, calling it "making the gods cry". It can be seen that Li Bai's Yuefu poems sometimes use old topics, but they are innovative.

Of course, the scenic spots and historical sites in Gusu aroused Li Bai's nostalgia for the past, and the beautiful and simple Wu Ji and Yue Nv made Li Bai admire them. At the foot of the mountain where the stone was used to wash the yarn, Li Bai left a beautiful sketch on the stone with his own wonderful pen.

Li Bai returned to Jingmen from the west.

He stayed in Jingmen for three months. Although he is homesick, he has achieved nothing in his career. He finds it difficult to go home. Finally, he decided to roam again.

First, he came to Dongting Lake and buried Wu Zhidao's bones in Jiangxia (now Wuchang, Hubei). He met Hangrong monk in Jiangxia, and learned about Meng Haoran from him, so he went to Xiangyang to visit Meng Haoran and wrote the famous five-rhythm poem "A Letter to Meng Haoran".

Soon, Li Bai arrived in Anlu and settled down in the Taoist temple of the little beast. But seclusion here is not a long-term solution, and he still wants to find opportunities for promotion. When Li Bai lived in Shoushan, he made friends with officials through lobbying to improve his reputation.

Li Bai's literary talent was appreciated by Xu, the prime minister of Wuhou, and was recruited as his son-in-law. Li Bai and his wife, Xu, live a happy married life under Taohua Rock in Baizhao Mountain, which is close to the Xu family. However, the beautiful life of husband and wife did not make Li Bai's ambition to go out and start a career decline. Based on Anzhou's wife's family, I traveled many times and got to know some officials and nobles. In the 22nd year of Kaiyuan (AD 734), I paid tribute to them.

3. Once in Chang 'an

Feudal emperors often hunted in winter. After Xuanzong ascended the throne, he hunted many times, and every time he took foreign envoys to show off his strength to scare neighboring countries. In the 23rd year of Kaiyuan (AD 735), Xuanzong hunted fiercely again, which happened to be Li Bai's journey to the west, hoping to win Xuanzong's appreciation with his "Great Hunting Fu".

His "Great Levy" hopes to "show things widely", but "Sheng Chao gardens are remote and barren, and the situation is very different from that of the previous generation", boasting that the present dynasty was far superior to the Han Dynasty, and finally promoting the mysterious burial of Taoism, which was in line with Xuanzong's mood of advocating Taoism at that time.

The purpose of Li Baixi's visit is to present a gift. In addition, he also took this opportunity to visit Chang 'an and appreciate the scenery of the imperial city, which is called "pilgrimage to all countries". He lives at the foot of Mount Zhongnan and often climbs up to overlook it. When he reached the north peak of Mount Zhongnan, he showed a great country style. He deeply feels that living in such a country is extraordinary, so he is quite proud. But when he thought about it,

After Li Bai entered Chang 'an, he met Zhang Qing of Wei State and gave a poem to Princess Yu Zhen through him. The last two sentences say, "When there are few people, the Queen Mother wants to meet", wishing her immortality. Li Bai also said in his poem "Seeing Zhang Qing off" that he was in a very difficult situation and wanted to be introduced and would like to work for the imperial court. So he approached the upper class of the ruling class step by step.

Li Bai also met He in Chang 'an this time. Li Bai once went to the Purple Pole Palace, only to meet He there. He has read He Lao's poems. This meeting, he naturally went to visit immediately and presented a book of poetry in his sleeve. He likes Shu Dao Nan and Wu Qi Qu very much. He excitedly takes off the chafer on his belt and invites people to go out for a drink with Li Bai. Li Bai's magnificent poems and roaring dust.

A year later, Li Bai was still a guest in Chang 'an and had no chance to take office. He felt a little depressed. His friends sincerely invited him to live in seclusion with others in the green hills, but Li Bai had no intention of going. This time I went to Chang 'an, holding the ideal of making contributions, but I didn't land, which made Li Bai feel disappointed and a little resentful. He went to the door of the maharaja's house to petition, but he was extremely dissatisfied and only sent it out.

Fourth, the Hanlin sacrifice.

In the first year of Tianbao (AD 742), Xuanzong read Li Bai's poems and admired them very much, so he called Li Bai into the palace. On the day when Li Bai entered the palace to meet him, Xuanzong came down to meet him and said, "Give the food to the front with the Qibao bed and the spoon made by himself." Xuanzong asked about some contemporary affairs, and Li Bai learned a lot through half a life's study and long-term observation of society. Immediately let Li Bai worship the Hanlin, whose duty is to draft a proclamation and accompany the emperor. Every time Xuanzong gave a banquet or outing, he ordered Li Bai's attendants to write poems on the spot. Although it is not a record of merit, his words have been passed down to later generations, boasting to later generations with great fanfare. Li Bai was so prized by Xuanzong that his colleagues envied him, but some people were jealous of him.

At the beginning of Tianbao, Xuanzong took the chiefs and envoys to the Wen family to hide and hunt every winter, and Li Bai's natural entourage followed. On the spot, he wrote fu to promote Xuanzong's virtue and praise the power of the holy dynasty, which won Xuanzong's appreciation. At this time, Xuanzong fell in love with Yang Yuhuan, and every time he played with her in the palace, Xuanzong asked Li Bai to write some musical words and create new songs to sing. Li Baihuai's idea is "national justice"

When Li Bai was in Chang 'an, he not only worshipped Hanlin and accompanied Wang, but also often walked in Chang 'an. He found that the country was prosperous, but there was a deep crisis. That's the overbearing eunuch and the arrogant consort closest to the emperor. They hung over Chang 'an and China like dark clouds, giving Li Bai a strong sense of oppression.

At the same time, Li Bai's dissolute behavior was slandered by Zhang Tan, an academician, and there was some bad blood between them. The favor of eunuchs and consorts suddenly cooled Li Bai's enthusiasm for "helping the poor". Although he was in Chang 'an, he didn't have a chance to display his management and beauty skills.

Li Bai was deeply moved by the corruption of state affairs and the slander of his colleagues. He wrote a song "Hanlin Read Ci and Express His Feelings to Literati" to express his intention of returning to the mountain. Unexpectedly, at this time, the gold was given back, which seemed to surprise Li Bai. This time, it seems that Li Bai said something inappropriate.

This return to the mountain is really a decent exile.

Fifth, travel again.

1 Roaming in Song Liang

In the summer of the third year of Tianbao (AD 744), Li Bai went to Luoyang, the eastern capital. Here, he met Du Fu, the two greatest poets in China's literary history. At this time, Li Bai was famous all over the country, and Du Fu was in his prime, but he was trapped in Los Angeles. Li Bai is eleven years older than Du Fu, but he did not stand in front of Du Fu with his talent. Du Fu, an "old friend" who was "sexually ambitious and addicted to alcohol", did not bow his head in praise of Li Bai. They have established a profound friendship on an equal footing. When they were in Luoyang, they met next time in Liang and Song Dynasties (now Shangqiu, Kaifeng) to visit Taoism and seek immortality.

This autumn, the two arrived in Liang Song as scheduled. They express their feelings here and comment on the present through ancient times. They also met the poet Gao Shi here, who has not left the throne. However, these three people have their own ambitions and the same ideals. They swim, comment on literature and poetry, talk about the general trend of the world, and are all worried about the hidden dangers of the country. At this time, Du Li was in the prime of life, and their study on creation was of great significance to them.

In the autumn and winter of this year, Du Li broke up again and went to find a Taoist teacher to make a real coffin (Taoist secret) and taught Taoist priests to make coffins. Li Bai went to Zizhou (now Jinan, Shandong Province) to teach a Taoist coffin. Since then, he has officially performed Taoist rituals and become a Taoist. Later, Li Bai went to Anling County, Dezhou, and met this

In the autumn of the fourth year of Tianbao (AD 745), Li Bai and Du Fu met for the third time at the east foot. In just over a year, they met two or three times and their friendship became deeper and deeper. They went to qi zhou to visit Li Yong, a world-famous essayist and calligrapher at that time. Just this winter, they broke up and Li Bai was going to revisit Jiangdong.

2. Go east to wuyue.

Li Bai left Donglu and took a boat from Rencheng to Yangzhou along the canal. As he was anxious to meet Yuan Danqiu in Huiji, he didn't stay much.

After arriving in Huiji, Li Bai first went to mourn the death of He. Soon, Kong also arrived in Huiji, so Li Bai, Yuan Danqiu and Kong visited Yudong, Lanting and other places of interest, boated in a quiet lake, and traveled back and forth between rivers and streams, improvising about the beautiful mountains and rivers and beautiful women in this area.

In Jinling, Li Bai met Cui Chengfu. Both of them are politically frustrated, and their feelings are more congenial. Every time they visit, they swim to their heart's content, morning and evening. They rowed on the Qinhuai River and sang all night, which attracted people on both sides of the strait to marvel and applaud. Because of similar personalities and experiences, Li Bai tied Cui Chengfu's poems to his clothes.

3. explore the secluded swallow and take the Jiangnan road.

Li Bai wandered around wuyue for several years. At this time, the country is in chaos and the situation is getting worse every year. Under the guidance of taking the rise and fall of the world as his own responsibility, he decided to go to Youyan (now Beijing) to explore the reality.

After arriving at Youyan, Li Bai witnessed An Lushan's preparations. The situation was very critical, but there was nothing he could do. Two or three years before the Anshi Rebellion, Li Bai wandered around Xuancheng, Dangtu, Nanling and Qiupu, still living a life of food and clothing, and often wrote poems for help to local officials.

In this roaming, Li Bai died his wife Xu Shi and married the clan. His family is changing, and the country is troubled. While seeking immortality and learning Taoism, Li Bai made great efforts to make contributions to the country and paid close attention to national security. Although he is still roaming, he is different from the past.

Six, on the way to death

In the fourteenth year of Tianbao, the Anshi Rebellion was launched, and Li Bai took refuge in Lushan Mountain. At that time, there were always two contradictory ideas in his mind: retiring and helping the world. At this time, Li Lin, Emperor Yongli, set out for an eastward tour, and Li Bai was invited to take a curtain call.

Behind the scenes, Li Baili advised Wang Yong to put out thieves, and at the same time he also reflected on his lack of political foresight. Xiao and Kong, both in the south of the Yangtze River, were invited to avoid disasters and refused. In this respect, Li Bai is obviously inferior to them.

Wang Yong was quickly defeated, and Li Bai was imprisoned in Xunyang. At this time, Cui Huan comforted Jiangnan and recruited talents. Li Bai wrote poems for help, and his wife guru also cried for help. Song Ruosi, who stationed 3,000 Wu Bing troops in Xunyang, rescued Li Bai from prison and let him join the shogunate. Li Bai became Song Ruosi's staff, wrote several essays for Song, and followed him to Wuchang. Li Bai is in Song Ruosi. He recommended it to the court again in the name of the Song Dynasty, hoping to be appointed by the court again. But for some reason, he was not appointed. I didn't expect Yelang (now Zitong, Guizhou) to be a long-term person. At that time, Junba was a military commander under Wang Yong and was highly valued. The reason why things have changed may be related to the loss of power and influence of Cui Huan and Zhang Gao.

In the winter of the second year of Zhide (AD 757), Li Bai went from Xunyang Road to Yelang, the exile. Because he was convicted of a long-term crime, which is gone forever, Li Bai is in his twilight years. "Yelang Wan Li Lu Xi is old", and he feels even sadder.

Because Li Bai is well-known in China, he was received by local officials along the way. Everyone respected him very much and didn't regard him as an exiled sinner.

In the second year of Gan Yuan (AD 759), Li Bai went to Wushan. Because of the drought in Guanzhong, the court announced an Amnesty, stipulating that all the deceased were pardoned from the stream and below. In this way, Li Bai was finally free after a long wandering. He immediately descended from the Yangtze River, and the famous song "From the Imperial Capital" best reflected his mood at that time.

In Jiangxia, Li Bai stayed for a while because his old friend Liang Zai was a local satrap. In the second year of Gan Yuan, at the invitation of a friend, Li Bai went boating with Jia Zhi, who was demoted, to enjoy the moon in Dongting Lake, thinking about ancient love and expressing emotion with poetry. Soon, he returned to the old places of Xuancheng and Jinling. For almost two years, he shuttled between the two places and still lived on people. Shangyuan