Identification method

Investigation is one of the basic research methods commonly used in educational science research. Investigation methods through various methods and means

Collect data of research objects or phenomena purposefully and in a planned way, so as to find regular problems and obtain research results. In this way, we can know what achievements or problems we have in education, what lessons we have learned, what the future development trend is, and sometimes we can find some causal links.

1. Characteristics and requirements of investigation methods

The investigation method has three characteristics: ① Studying the current educational phenomenon, which is different from the historical method; (2) Indirect research method: collecting data by means of interviews, questionnaires and tests without direct observation, which is different from observation method; ③ It is different from the experimental method to do research in a natural state without controlling the research object.

But this survey method can be combined with other methods. It is often used to study educational phenomena with wide scope, large coverage and long duration.

Requirements of survey methods: ① The selected survey objects must meet the survey purpose; (2) Using various investigation methods or comprehensive methods to collect materials accurately and comprehensively; ③ In the investigation, we should pay special attention to the interrelation, restriction and causality between things; (4) All materials that can be measured should be measured, and all materials should be accurately recorded; ⑤ The staff involved in the investigation must adopt unified investigation standards, unified record forms and unified record methods; ⑥ The investigation must be carried out under natural conditions; ⑦ Every piece of material should be authenticated.

2. Investigation methods

The survey methods mainly include questionnaire survey, interview, test, evaluation, written material analysis and survey meeting.

(1) questionnaire survey, also known as form filling method. Questionnaire is a means for researchers to investigate the respondents in writing or communication.

(2) visit, also known as conversation. Researchers collect materials directly through face-to-face conversations with interviewees or related personnel.

(3) Test, which measures the experimental situation of a certain characteristic of the respondents by means of examination. The object and characteristics of the test should be determined according to the purpose and task of the study, and the test method also varies according to the specific nature of the investigated object and characteristics.

(4) Evaluation, the investigation of educational facilities and equipment can use the evaluation method. During the investigation, the survey items and survey marks are listed in a table first, and the specified symbols or figures are recorded on the table item by item according to the predetermined evaluation methods and standards during the investigation.

⑤ Written material analysis, which is a method of analyzing by collecting written materials that can correctly reflect the research phenomenon. Written materials can be roughly divided into two categories: first, materials reflecting the educational work in a certain area or school; Second, materials reflecting teachers' teaching work; Third, materials reflecting students' learning situation; Fourth, materials that reflect students' extracurricular and off-campus situations.

⑥ Holding an investigation meeting, which is widely used in the investigation method, can obtain more comprehensive materials in a short time.

experimental method

1. Characteristics and requirements of experimental methods

Experimental method is one of the basic methods commonly used in educational science research. The so-called experimental method is a method of organizing experimental measures under the condition of strictly controlling variables, and determining the causal relationship between conditions and phenomena according to observing, recording and measuring the changes of accompanying phenomena. Experimental methods can be divided into laboratory experiments and natural experiments. The former is carried out in the laboratory and the latter in the natural environment. Educational scientific research generally adopts natural experimental methods.

The purpose of the experimental method is to find out the reason of the research phenomenon and to test the correctness of a theory or hypothesis. Some people say that experimental method is the soul of educational research.

2. General problems of experimental design

The purpose of experimental design is to obtain the most effective data and information with the least manpower, material resources and time, and at the same time minimize the experimental error.

The experimental design scheme must explain the following problems:

① experimental purpose and operational definition

First of all, we should explain the problems to be solved in the experiment and to what extent. The second is to explain the definition of operation. The so-called operation definition is to describe the characteristics of the operation activities that produce experimental results.

(2) The scope and grouping of the subjects.

First of all, it is necessary to explain what kind of object to choose, how big the range of choice is and how to choose it; Secondly, explain how to group; Again, which is the experimental class and which is the control class.

③ Determination of experimental results.

First of all, we should explain what kind of experimental form to take, whether it is single group form, equal group form or round group form; Secondly, we should explain how to control irrelevant factors.

④ Determination of experimental results.

First of all, it is necessary to explain the observation indicators that can reflect the research object. The so-called observation index is the standard for collecting materials. Generally speaking, there should be both qualitative and quantitative indicators. Secondly, it is necessary to explain the way, how many times and when.

⑤ Processing of experimental data

In order to explain the method of statistical inspection, statistical tables should be attached.