Shi is the second daughter of the hero of the founding of the Tang Dynasty. Her mothers are Yang and Wu Zetian, from Wenshui, Shanxi. She was born in Lizhou (now Guangyuan City), Sichuan Province, and spent her childhood and adolescence in Lizhou. His real name is unknown. /kloc-at the age of 0/4, he entered the harem as a gifted scholar (positive five products). Emperor Taizong gave him a charming name, known as "Wu Meiniang". After the death of Emperor Taizong, Wu Zetian entered Ganye Temple as a nun. Tang Gaozong acceded to the throne, was called into the palace, named Zhao Yi, entered Chen Fei, and lived in the harem with the queen and Xiao Shufei for many times. He was 26 years old. Wu Zetian is resourceful, ruthless, dabbling in literature and history, and talented. She gave birth to her eldest daughter at 27. According to Zi Jian, Wu Zetian's eldest daughter was only one month after her birth. After the Queen Wang came to see her daughter, she sent her away. The original words in the book are "sent to Japan". The emperor was furious, so he banished the queen to Shu Ren. In the sixth year of Yonghui (655), Wu was made queen. In the first year of Shangyuan (674), he was also called "emperor" and "queen of heaven" with Gaozong. In the first year of Hongdao (683), the emperor died, the middle emperor ascended the throne, and Wu Shi was the empress dowager, which was renamed Qi after the imperial system. In the year of Heishengyuan (684), Zhongzong was abolished as the king of Luling, and Li Dan, the son of Zongrui, was appointed as the imperial court. In the first year of Chu, it was abolished, calling itself the Holy Spirit Emperor, and its title was changed to Zhou. Luoyang, the eastern capital, was called "Wu Zhou" in history, and its title was "Holy Spirit Emperor".
During the dynasty, old ministers were exiled and judges were appointed. In the early Tang Dynasty, Sun Chang Wuji, Chu Suiliang, Yu Zhining and Pei Yan were demoted and most of them were killed. Hold court examinations and establish a system of martial arts, self-help and trial officials. Economically, the idea of thin tax collection, peace of mind and labor-saving service has been adopted. Therefore, in its half century in power, the social and economic achievements were brilliant and the national prestige increased greatly.
In the first month of the first year of Shenlong (705), Zhang Jianzhi, Huan, Cui Xuan, Jing Hui and others joined forces with Li Duozuo, the general of Right Feather Forest, to launch a coup, forcing Wu Zetian to abdicate and welcome the restoration of Zhongzong. He died in November of the same year, and the Great Sage was the Emperor of Heaven.
Other titles of Wu were abolished, such as "Holy Spirit Emperor, Golden Wheel Holy Spirit Emperor, Cishi Yuegu Golden Wheel Holy Spirit Emperor, Golden Wheel Holy Spirit Emperor and Zetian Yasheng Empress". Later generations usually call Wu Shi "Wu Zetian"
In 705 AD, Prime Minister Zhang Jianzhi took advantage of Wu Zetian's advanced age and critical illness to support the restoration of Zhongzong and respect Wu Shi as the "Empress Dowager". In the winter of the same year, Wu Shi died at the age of 82, and his will said, "I played the emperor and called him the Great Sage Queen." Li Bai listed Wu Zetian as one of the "Seven Saints" in the Tang Dynasty. After the death of Wu Zetian, a "tablet without words" was erected. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, emperors and generals all hoped to erect a monument after their death, but there was not a word engraved on the monument of the only female emperor in China history. There are several views: the first view is that Wu Zetian set up a "tablet without words" to blow his own horn and show his merits beyond words; The second point of view is that Wu Zetian set up a "wordless tablet" because she knew that she was guilty and felt that it was better not to write an inscription; The third view is that Wu Zetian is a self-aware person, and it is smart to set up a monument without words. It is the best way for future generations to comment on merits and demerits. Elizabeth I (1born in Greenwich on September 7th, 533, today's London,1died in Surrey on March 24th, 603), 1558/1month17th to/kloc. She was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty. She never married, so she was called "virgin queen". When she ascended the throne, England was in a chaotic state of internal religious division, but she not only successfully maintained the unity of England, but also made England one of the most powerful and wealthy countries in Europe after nearly half a century of rule. British culture also reached a peak in this period, and famous figures such as Shakespeare and Francis Bacon appeared. British colonies in North America also began to be established during this period. Her rule is called "Elizabethan Age" and "Golden Age" in English history. Elizabeth was born in Presen House in London. She is the only surviving child of Henry VIII and his second queen, anne boleyn. Because her parents were married according to Protestant canon, Catholicism considered her illegitimate daughter. As soon as she was born, she was appointed heir to the throne, and her half-sister Mary became her servant. When Elizabeth was three, her mother was sentenced to death for treason. A year later, Henry VIII and his third queen jane seymour gave birth to a boy: Edward. Elizabeth and Mary both became Edward's servants.
Henry's later queens were very kind to the two princesses, and Henry himself often paid attention to their growth. They are well educated and have reliable friends and peers of the same age. 1547 After Henry's death, his last queen, catherine parr, and her new husband, Thomas Seymour (he is jane seymour's younger brother and uncle of the new British king Edward VI of England) took care of Elizabeth. Seymour was attracted to young Elizabeth. After his wife died, he planned to marry her, but he and his brother Edward Seymour were later executed in a series of power struggles.
Elizabeth received a good education, and her teachers included Roger Asquin, a famous humanist in the English Renaissance. She was educated in classical literature, history, mathematics, poetry and language. During her reign, she could speak and write six languages: English, French, Italian, Spanish, Latin and Greek. Under the influence of catherine parr and her other teachers, Elizabeth became a Protestant.
Before her brother died, her status was relatively stable, but Edward died of tuberculosis or arsenic poisoning in 1553. After nine days as queen, Mrs. Jane Grey was overthrown by her grandfather's companions and executed by Mary I, who came to power later. Mary is a devout Catholic. She forced Elizabeth to convert to Catholicism. Although Elizabeth seems obedient, she is still a Protestant at heart. Mary is very dissatisfied with this. At one time, Elizabeth was even put in the Tower of London. Some people think that she met her later lover, robert dudley, Earl of Leicester, here, but it is more likely that they met in childhood (robert dudley and the Queen not only met in childhood, but also were born on the same day of the same month. When Elizabeth was imprisoned in the Tower of London, Robert was imprisoned in the Tower of London with her in order to follow her, so Robert was later named Earl of Leicester, which is also inseparable.
Elizabeth saved her life, but Mary's wedding to King Philip II of Spain increased the possibility of England returning to Catholicism, which made the English people and nobles very dissatisfied. Mary died childless in 1558, and Elizabeth became her legal heir. The British Parliament reiterated King Henry VIII's arrangement that Elizabeth should be the heir.