education legislation
In Britain, all people must receive compulsory education between the ages of five and sixteen. This is the shortest time for students to go to school. Nowadays, more and more children go to kindergarten at the age of three or four, and the number of teenagers who have reached the age of 16 to continue their studies is also increasing year by year. In order to meet people's learning needs, the number of educational institutions has increased dramatically.
Four regions in Britain, namely England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, welcome foreign students. The educational structure of these four regions is basically the same as that of colleges and universities, but the educational system in Scotland is quite different from other regions in some aspects. Public schools and private schools implement a dual-track system in the British school system: public schools provide free education, and private schools generally pay tuition fees by parents.
About one in thirteen school-age children in Britain goes to private schools (the exact ratio is 7%). Foreign students under sixteen usually attend private schools. There are 2,400 private schools in Britain, most of which are well-known and established schools.
School.
Britain has formulated a national syllabus-which sets the minimum requirements that children should meet at each learning stage. Public schools must obey the requirements of the syllabus, while private schools are not subject to this restriction. However, most private schools still teach the contents required by the national syllabus in actual teaching.
Education before the age of sixteen
Public schools generally do not accept foreign students under the age of 16, so this section mainly introduces private schools.
. Three to four years old
Many children enter kindergarten or receive education in preschool when they are three or four years old.
. be five (years old)
Children usually enter kindergarten at the age of five.
. Public system
Children are promoted from kindergarten to junior high school at the age of seven. According to the public school system, kindergartens and lower grades are usually merged into one school (called primary school) for children aged five to eleven.
private school
Students who enter private schools generally enter preparatory schools at the age of seven.
If you are an international student, you may need to "board" in a preparatory school, that is, eat, live, live and study at school. Compared with the students' previous experience, boarding is a more interesting experience. In fact, some preparatory schools are considering changing their names to "boarding schools" to reflect the interesting boarding life of students.
The expenses of studying in preparatory schools generally include tuition, accommodation, meals, stationery, textbooks, basic equipment for sports and music, and the cost of students calling home. You may also need to pay a small amount of personal accident insurance.
Kim. School uniforms and sportswear are also purchased by parents.
Welcome foreign students
Britain welcomes foreign students over the age of seven to board at school. Some parents of foreign students are willing to let their children receive strict education in preparatory schools and participate in sports and social activities as soon as possible through boarding.
Private system
Children in preparatory schools can transfer to private secondary schools when they are 13 years old. Most foreign students start studying in Britain at this age.
private school
Some private secondary schools are also called "public schools". This name is misleading. Because these schools are not public, but private schools that enroll students at their own expense. These schools were called public schools when they were established centuries ago, and they have been in use ever since. Certification and registration.
Private school federation is a unified organization of private schools, and its members include: women's school federation, principals' meeting, preparatory school federation, private school association and private school principals' association.
In order to be certified by the Association of Private Schools, a school must prove that it meets the strict standards set by the Association in academic, consulting, financial and administrative aspects. However, there are also some excellent private schools that have not joined the Federation for various reasons.
All private schools with more than 5 students 16 years old must be registered with the Ministry of Education and Employment, British inspectors will inspect the schools, and boarding schools will be supervised and managed by the Ministry of Social Affairs.
admit
Students who have reached the age of thirteen usually need to pass the unified entrance examination to enter private secondary schools. Some schools enroll students aged 1 1 so that they can connect with the British public education system. The content of the examination is unified by all schools, and the examination papers are audited by the schools where students apply.
Some schools don't take exams at all, and most schools currently think that the unified entrance examination is not suitable for foreign students from countries with different education systems. The school is willing to provide suggestions on how to adapt the admission procedure to the specific problems of foreign students.
Foreign students are often over 13 years old when they enter school-for example, taking advanced courses in the general certificate of secondary education examination in order to prepare for entering the British college of continuing education or higher education-and most schools enroll freshmen of any age.
boarding school
Many private schools have accommodation facilities for students to stay in school during their studies. Nowadays, more and more students usually live in school.
School, go home every weekend. But many foreign students have to stay in school all semester, and weekends are no exception.
About100000 students aged 7 to 18 are boarders, including most of the10.7000 foreign students studying in British private schools. Recently, a survey conducted by the information service office of private schools shows that more than three quarters of boarders like to live on campus. Living on campus gives students the opportunity to get to know their teachers better and participate more in clubs, troupes and sports activities.
Boarding schools take great pains to take care of and coach students. The school should arrange qualified nurses to be on duty and have experience in receiving foreign students at airports and railway stations. The school also insists that foreign students should have a guardian to take care of them in Britain and in case of emergency. If foreign students have no relatives or friends in Britain, private school information services can find suitable guardians for them.
check
All students must be at least 16 years old to take the exam and obtain the general secondary education certificate. In Scotland, it is the Scottish Education Certificate and Standard Grade Certificate. It takes about two years to prepare for the above exams, and most students study five to ten subjects. )
/kloc-education after 0/6 years old
According to the law, students who have reached the age of 16 can leave school and start working. This is an important crossroads that determines students' future.
Do you want to pursue further studies in a university or a branch university? If so, you need to take more exams.
Have you decided what to do? If so, you need to attend vocational training courses to obtain the qualifications you need.
You can stay at your old school. Most schools have pre-university classes, and students can continue their studies in a familiar environment.
You can transfer to a pre-university school. Because the courses at this level are divided into majors, your original school may not have the major you want to study, but another school has already offered courses in this major.
You can go to a preparatory college funded by the British government, or you can go to a junior college (usually called a continuing education college). These colleges are generally large in scale, so they can offer a variety of professional courses.
You can go to a private preparatory college. These colleges are smaller than public colleges.
To some extent, your choice depends on which school can offer the courses you want to study.
continuing education
Continuing education refers to the education and training that students receive after leaving school at the age of sixteen, abbreviated as FE in English. More than 600 colleges across the UK offer continuing education courses. At the age of sixteen, British students should take the General Certificate of Secondary Education exam to decide what kind of study or training they will continue. Some students will:
Stay in the original school and continue your studies.
Enter the college.
Leave full-time education and receive on-the-job training.
About 40% of secondary school graduates enter public or private continuing education colleges.
However, the College of Continuing Education does not only recruit middle school graduates. These colleges also provide education and training services to the whole community in which they are located, and provide courses for the following groups:
On-the-job employees who wish to continue their training.
Adults who want to change jobs or go back to school.
People who want to learn new majors or new technologies to enrich themselves.
The British government is responsible for providing most continuing education courses. The government has formulated a supervision system to ensure the teaching quality of continuing education. Some private schools also offer education courses after the age of 16, most of which are advanced courses covering various majors, or specially designed preparatory courses linked with higher education.
Private colleges do not insist on compulsory certification, but they can apply to the British Committee for Accreditation of Private Continuing Education and Higher Education, or they can apply to the Private Continuing Education Association for membership. If a college is accredited by the British Council for Accreditation of Private Continuing Education and Higher Education, you can rest assured that the college has reached the standard in terms of education quality, teaching equipment, school buildings, counseling and nursing, management and so on.
Universities and colleges are divided into the following two categories:
Universities have the right to award degrees at all levels.
In university branches, a few can confer degrees by themselves, and most need to confer degrees through their own universities.
higher education
British education has a long history, ancient traditions, complete types and complete structure. Higher education originated more than 700 years ago. Higher education ranks among the best in the world in both the quality of scientific research and the quality of graduates, and has always enjoyed a high reputation. Since 1992, when the government promulgated the higher education reform bill, almost all the multidisciplinary technical colleges in Britain were renamed as universities, and the renamed universities were granted the right to confer degrees. Therefore, under the proposal of the government's education reform bill, the former university degree-conferring committee lost its functions and was cancelled. British higher education institutions are divided into different types according to their nature, characteristics and degree granting. At present, there are 90 universities, 123 college and 50 higher education schools.
university
There are 90 universities in Britain, which are famous for their high-level education and research. Most universities maintain close ties with the business community. Its advanced education and equipment have always attracted overseas students to study in Britain. British universities are independent self-management institutions and have the right to offer different courses, and award different degrees such as bachelor's degree, master's degree and doctor's degree according to the courses offered.
Colleges and higher education schools
British colleges and higher education schools came into being in the 1970s. Generally, these schools are small in scale and place, but they care about students and pay attention to the relationship between teachers and students. They can offer various courses at different levels and majors. In addition to undergraduate courses, the school also offers many specialized courses or courses selected for students with certain work experience.
There is continuing education in the British education system. This course is designed for students over 16 years old who have reached the level of general education and advanced supplementary level. Many courses are vocational education. At present, 500 schools offer such courses, and about 5 million adults attend continuing education courses. In the British education reform bill, it is clearly pointed out that academic qualifications and professional qualifications are equally recognized in employment.
The academic year in Britain is divided into three semesters, starting from September to 10 and ending from June to July of the following year. The three semesters start from September to 65438+ 10, 65438+10 and April respectively. British degrees are divided into bachelor's degree, master's degree and doctor of philosophy. A bachelor's degree, or the first degree, usually takes students three years to study for a bachelor's degree course. A bachelor's degree can be divided into honor grades.
Generally speaking, bachelor's degrees can be divided into three categories: bachelor of arts, bachelor of science, bachelor of law and bachelor of engineering. But in many cases, different schools will award different degrees to the same subject. For example, students majoring in law are usually called Bachelor of Laws or Bachelor of Arts. Master's degree can be divided into lecture-based degree courses or research-based degree courses. The degree course in teaching form is generally one year, and students must take a certain number of hours of courses each semester, write a specified number of papers, and submit the final graduation thesis at the end of the year. A research-oriented master usually takes two years, mainly engaged in thesis writing under the guidance of a tutor. The degrees awarded at the master's stage include Master of Arts, Master of Science, Master of Law or Master of Business Administration. Research-oriented professional masters mainly include master of philosophy or master of literature. Doctoral degrees in various majors usually require applicants to study in related majors for at least two years and obtain a master's degree in philosophy before applying for a doctoral degree. Doctoral students can get a doctorate after at least three years of research work.
Britain also offers two-year or three-year professional courses in some colleges and higher education schools. After the completion of the two-year course, students can get a higher education diploma if they pass the examination. After graduation, if they apply for undergraduate courses,
Cheng, his two-year course may be admitted to this university. Three-year courses mainly train vocational students facing the industry. After graduation, students can get a higher diploma.