(1) Productivity development
(2) the emergence of words
(3) the division of labor between mental and physical labor
(4) the emergence of the state machine
2. Factors affecting people's physical and mental development
(1) inheritance
Genetic quality is the premise of human physical and mental development and provides the possibility for individual physical and mental development.
(2) Environment
Environment is the external objective condition of human physical and mental development, which makes the development provided by heredity possible to become a reality.
(3) School education
School education plays a leading role in human development.
(D) personal subjective initiative-decisive role, motivation
3. The reasons why school education plays a leading role in human development:
(1) School education is a purposeful, planned and organized activity to train people.
(2) School education is carried out by specially trained teachers, and the effect is better.
(3) School education can effectively control and influence various factors of students' development.
(4) The influence of school education is comprehensive, systematic and profound.
4. The leading role of school education in people's physical and mental development
(1) According to the basic requirements of society for individuals, school education formulates social norms for the development direction of individuals.
(2) School education has the special function of promoting individual development.
(3) The influence of school education, especially basic education, on individual development has immediate value and delayed value.
(4) School education has the function of developing individual special talents and personality.
5. Education and productivity
(A) the restrictive effect of productive forces on education
1. The level of productivity determines the level of education development.
2. The level of productivity determines the scale and speed of education.
3. The level of productivity restricts the change of educational system and structure.
4. The level of productivity restricts the content and means of education.
(b) The role of education in promoting productivity
1. Reproduction of labor force through education
2. Reproduction of scientific and technological knowledge through education
6. Education and political and economic system
The restrictive effect of political and economic systems on education (determines the nature of education)
The political and economic system determines the leading position of education.
② The political and economic system determines the rights of the educated.
③ The political and economic system determines the purpose of education.
(b) The influence of education on the political and economic system
(1) Education is the talent needed by the political and economic system.
Education is a force of public opinion that influence political and economic systems.
Education can promote democracy.
7. Hierarchical structure of educational purpose
1. The educational purpose of this country
2. Training objectives of all kinds of schools at all levels
3. Course objectives
4. Teachers' teaching objectives
8. Social standard theory
Representative figures: Herbart, Plato, Comte, Durkheim
The teleological viewpoints of socialized education are: starting from the needs of social development, paying attention to the social value of education; Advocate that the purpose of education is to cultivate qualified citizens and social members; Education is an important cause of the country; The evaluation of education depends on the indicators of its contribution to social development.
Personal standard theory
Representative figures: Rousseau, Rogers, Froebel, Pestalozzi.
The viewpoints of individual-oriented education are: starting from individual instinctive needs, emphasizing that education should follow the law of human growth and meet human needs; Attach importance to the value of education to individuals; Advocate that the purpose of education is to cultivate? Natural person? Develop one's personality, enhance one's value and promote one's self-realization.
9. The purpose and basic spirit of education in China at this stage.
1 The people we want to train are builders and successors of the socialist cause, so we should adhere to the unity of ideological, political and moral qualities and scientific and cultural knowledge and ability.
We require students to develop morally, intellectually and physically in an all-round way, and adhere to the harmonious development of mental and physical labor.
Adapt to the requirements of the times, emphasize the development of students' personality, and cultivate students' innovative spirit and practical ability.
10. Lay the foundation for the educational purpose in China.
1. Specific social, political, economic and cultural background
2. The law of the physical and mental development of the educated.
3. People's educational thought
4. Marx's theory of all-round development of human beings is the theoretical basis for establishing the purpose of education in China.
1 1. Basic connotation of quality education:
1. The fundamental purpose of quality education is to improve the quality of the people.
2. Quality education is an education for all students.
3. Quality education is an education to promote students' all-round development.
4. Quality education is the education to promote students' personality development.
5. Quality education is an education that focuses on cultivating students' innovative spirit and practical ability.
The development trend of school education system
From a horizontal perspective, the development trend of modern education system
(1) Strengthen preschool education and attach importance to the connection with primary education.
(2) Strengthen the popularization of compulsory education and extend the period of compulsory education.
(3) General education and vocational education are developing in the direction of mutual penetration.
(4) The types of higher education are increasingly diversified.
(5) The boundary between academic education and non-academic education is gradually weakening. Sacred ratio
(6) The education system is conducive to international exchanges.
13. The main points of course center's discipline theory
1. Subject-centered curriculum theory
2. Advocate that the teaching content is subject-centered.
Teaching materials must be organized according to the scientific logical system and students' cognitive psychological activities.
4. Help students better grasp the essence of human scientific and cultural knowledge.
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