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Extraction code: 1ap9 Title: Emile
Author: [France] Jean-Jean-jean-jacques rousseau
Translator: Li Pinglu
Douban score: 8.7
Publishing House: Commercial Press
Publication year: 1978-6
Page number: 8 16
Content introduction:
Emile is an important work of Rousseau (17 12- 1778), a French bourgeois democrat and an outstanding enlightenment thinker. This book was first published in 1757 and 1762 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. When this book was published, it caused a sensation in France and some bourgeois countries in western Europe and had a great influence. This book is not only Rousseau's monograph on bourgeois education, but also his masterpiece on bourgeois social and political thought.
Following the bourgeois revolutions in Holland and Britain in 16 and 17 centuries, western Europe in 18 century is in a period of increasingly developed capitalist economy, the collapse of feudal society and a more profound bourgeois revolution. This situation is particularly obvious in France. At that time, France was a backward feudal autocratic country, and Louis XIV's arrogant saying "I am a country" reflected this autocratic situation. The feudal nobles and monks exerted heavy oppression on the third class by virtue of feudal kingship and theocracy, which made the whole third class, including the bourgeoisie, completely powerless in politics. Economically, feudal nobles and monks owned a lot of land, controlled the power of finance and taxation, and brutally exploited and plundered the third class, especially the working people of workers and peasants. However, with the development of capitalist production and the growing economic strength of the bourgeoisie, it can no longer tolerate that helpless situation. Opposing feudal oppression, overthrowing autocratic monarchy and removing obstacles to the development of capitalism have become the common requirements of the third level. The works of Rousseau and other bourgeois enlightenment thinkers reflect this requirement. Emile is a work by Rousseau who opposed the feudal education system and expounded his bourgeois education thoughts by educating Emile, his supposed educational object.
This book is divided into five volumes. Rousseau put forward the principles, contents and methods of educating children of different ages according to their age. In the first volume, it focuses on how to carry out physical education for infants before the age of two, so that children can develop naturally. In the second volume, he thinks that children between the ages of two and twelve are still asleep and lack thinking ability, so he advocates sensory education for children in this period. In the third volume, he thinks that teenagers aged 12 to 15 have already had some experience through sensory perception, so he mainly discusses their intellectual education. In the fourth volume, he thinks that1young people between the ages of 5 and 20 begin to enter the society, so he mainly discusses their moral education. In the fifth volume, he thinks that Young Men and Women mainly discusses the education of women and the love education of young men and women because of the needs of natural development. Rousseau's idea of education by stages according to the characteristics of the times is undoubtedly a great progress in the history of education, which provides valuable enlightenment to the later development of bourgeois pedagogy, especially to the development of educational psychology. However, it should be pointed out that this phased teaching method, which separates physical education, intellectual education and moral education, is unscientific.
About the author:
Rousseau (1712-1778) is an outstanding French enlightenment thinker and bourgeois democrat. This book is an important work of his.