Keywords: situation and policy teaching effectiveness in colleges and universities
From 65438 to 0987, the Ministry of Education decided to offer the compulsory course Situation and Policy in the ideological and moral cultivation course for college students, requiring all colleges and universities to incorporate Situation and Policy into their teaching plans, with regular courses as the main course, supplemented by other teaching forms, to educate college students about the situation and policy. In 2004, the Central Committee of the State Council issued the Opinions on Further Strengthening and Improving the Ideological and Political Education of College Students, and the Ministry of Education of Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China issued the Notice on Further Strengthening and Improving the Situation and Policy Education of College Students, which made a series of specific provisions on the teaching objectives, teaching contents, teaching methods and teaching management of the situation and policy. By referring to some practices of other universities and combining with the actual situation of our college, this paper investigates the effectiveness of the teaching of situation and policy course and makes a comparative analysis. In my opinion, the key to improve the teaching effectiveness of Situation and Policy course lies in the construction of teaching "four modernizations", namely, the institutionalization of teaching management, the systematization of teaching content, the innovation of teaching mode and the standardization of teaching links.
First, the institutionalization of teaching management
One of the purposes of institutionalization is to establish the position and function of situation and policy education, ensure the effective opening of the course from the mechanism, and provide institutional guarantee for the teaching of this course. The second purpose is to grasp the actual promotion of situation and policy education and teaching activities in time and accurately, and at the same time promote the teaching of situation and policy course to achieve its due teaching effect. To this end, specific measures
(A) the implementation of the teaching management system is the foundation. Situation and policy course is an organic part of ideological and political theory course (two courses), and its importance is beyond doubt. It should be incorporated into the college students' education and training plan and curriculum construction system, and the corresponding teaching management system should be established according to the general norms of curriculum construction, which is the basic guarantee for strengthening the construction of the situation and policy course. In relevant documents, Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China and the Ministry of Education have made clear provisions on strengthening the situation and policy education for college students, requiring all kinds of students at all levels to incorporate the situation and policy course into the teaching plan as a public compulsory course, into the management of student status, establish achievement files, feed back teaching news, and comprehensively strengthen curriculum construction.
(2) Perfecting the teaching management mechanism is the key: First, building an "integrated" leadership system and working mechanism of situation and policy education in colleges and universities. Establish the leadership system and working mechanism of unified leadership of the Party committee, joint management of the Party and government groups, leading responsibility of relevant functional departments, combination of full-time and part-time teams, close cooperation of the whole school, and self-education of students. Second, establish the implementation mechanism of "five unifications" of situation and policy education in colleges and universities. "Five unification" refers to the unified planning of situation and policy education and teaching by relevant functional departments every semester, arranging teachers and teaching tasks, compiling learning materials for situation and policy education, providing teaching reference materials and audio-visual materials for teachers, and organizing the implementation of teaching links such as preparing lessons, attending lectures and assessing. Third, implement lecturers, tutors, teachers on duty and supervisors. "Four-in-one" working mode, the lecturer prepares special topics and gives good lectures; The tutors are all full-time teachers of ideological and political theory courses. The class taught by the teacher is the remedial class of the situation and policy class, and is responsible for correcting the notes of each class. Teachers face students directly, which is convenient for counseling at any time and solving problems in time. The teacher on duty is responsible for collecting the notes of each class and registering them; Supervise teachers to be responsible for teaching inspection. Fourth, establish a leading group with clear division of labor, responsibilities in place and close cooperation. The specific implementation of the "five unifications" requires the establishment of a leading group for the education and teaching of students' situation and policies. The leading group consists of an office with a director and deputy director. The teaching leading group has the positions of team leader, deputy team leader and members. And the teaching and research section of college students' situation and policy education. These leading departments must have a clear division of labor, responsibilities in place, and close cooperation to implement the "five unifications" work. Fifth, establish a perfect performance evaluation mechanism and supervision mechanism. In order to mobilize the enthusiasm of all departments and implement the specific implementation of each work, it is necessary to establish a perfect performance evaluation mechanism and supervision mechanism. First, strengthen supervision and inspection, and form a working mechanism of regular or irregular teaching inspection and supervision. Second, establish an evaluation mechanism for teachers by students. Most teachers love their work, but there are also some mediocre teachers. Let students participate in the evaluation of teachers, which can not only enable students to enjoy basic rights, but also avoid the disadvantages of relying solely on teaching workload and teaching performance to evaluate teachers, and also encourage teachers to keep learning and improve their own quality. Third, establish a mechanism for cooperation between various departments. Leaders of all departments should meet regularly to exchange ideas, carry out criticism and self-criticism, and accept and put forward their own requirements to other departments. In this way, in the development of the work, we can avoid the uncoordinated situation of mutual shirking. Fourthly, establish the teaching evaluation mechanism of Situation and Policy course. Teachers should learn from each other's lectures, take notes carefully and implement a grade assessment system. Lecturers who participated in the evaluation of professional titles in that year were assessed by the Academic Affairs Office, and the assessment results served as an important basis for job evaluation. For other lecturers, the teaching supervision team will arrange lectures in a planned way or the situation and policy education teaching and research section will arrange spot checks by itself, and the assessment results will serve as an important basis for dynamically adjusting the teaching staff of this course.
(3) Perfecting the education and teaching guarantee mechanism is the guarantee. It is necessary to ensure the funds and places needed for the work. Secondly, it is necessary to improve the class remuneration of teaching teachers and auxiliary teachers and determine the mechanism to encourage full-time teachers of ideological and political theory courses to actively participate in the teaching of situation and policy courses.
Second, the systematization of educational content.
The teaching content of situation and policy course mainly includes three parts: basic theory, basic situation and hot issues. The basic theories include learning and mastering the positions, viewpoints and methods of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Theory on situation analysis methods. The line, principles and policies of the Party and the country and the national conditions of China. The basic situation refers to the international situation, domestic situation and industry situation, which are relatively stable and have certain inevitability and regularity. Hot issues are social issues that students are generally concerned about and students are particularly concerned about. Since 1987, the Ministry of Education decided to set up the compulsory course Situation and Policy in the ideological and moral course in colleges and universities, colleges and universities all over the country have generally included the education of Situation and Policy in their teaching plans and set up the teaching and research work of the course Situation and Policy. The Social Affairs Department of the Ministry of Education publishes the Teaching Essentials of Situation and Policy Education every year, which actually plays a similar role to the outline and plays an important role in standardizing the study of situation and policy. However, due to the timeliness of the situation and policy education content, there is no stable and specific syllabus and teaching materials. Therefore, it is difficult to grasp the teaching content, what to say and how to design the course content. I think the key to solve this problem is to follow the guiding ideology of "following three unifications, embodying five characteristics and five combinations".
First of all, following the "three unifications" means that the teaching content of the course of situation and policy mainly includes the basic theory and knowledge education of situation and policy, major current affairs education, domestic and international situation education, social hot spot analysis and so on. But how to set the topic, what to say, and how to design the course content. The key is to follow the three unifications, embody the three characteristics and combine them. Following the "three unifications" means, first, the unity of politics and knowledge. That is to say, in the teaching process of situation and policy course, we should not only highlight the clear and correct political stance and viewpoint, but also conform to the major policies of the party and the country and publicize and implement the party's basic line. At the same time, as far as situation and policy are concerned, we all have a huge knowledge system, which is closely related to philosophy, political and economic history and political and economic relations in the contemporary world. Second, the unity of historicity and times. This process has both a constantly changing side and a relatively stable side. Its understanding is that the policy is relatively stable and the situation is constantly changing. It requires students to grasp the understanding of the policies of the party and the state in relative stability and observe and track the evolution of the situation in the dynamic. Third, the unity of theory and practice. Situation and Policy course runs through the education and teaching of Marxist theory and social science theory, guiding students to analyze the situation and grasp policies with Marxist theory, closely combining students' ideological reality in education and teaching, analyzing practical problems that students are interested in, and being good at guiding students to actively participate in social practice activities.
Secondly, "embody five characteristics and combine five", that is, first, combine the embodiment of the structure with the teaching points published by the Social Affairs Department of the Ministry of Education every year, and arrange the teaching contents according to the requirements of the teaching points and the actual situation of the school, such as setting up "Scientific Outlook on Development Education" with college students' current affairs reports and current affairs VCD as students' counseling materials. Second, reflecting the combination of dynamics and the development of international and domestic situations, students of different levels and majors actually have great differences in their thoughts, but they are often internally related and in the process of dynamic development. At the same time, the situation at home and abroad is changing, and the principles and policies of the party and the state are constantly being introduced and adjusted. For example, in the content of international situation and policy education, "Sino-Japanese relations" and "American-Iranian relations" can be supplemented according to the development of the situation. Three, the combination of pertinence and students' ideological reality, around the hot spots, difficulties, focus, sensitive topics, emergencies and other issues of concern to students to determine the focus of the situation and policy education, so that education and teaching are targeted. Through discussion with students, students can learn to consciously use Marxist viewpoints and methodology to analyze and solve problems, such as "building a well-off society in an all-round way and the road of * * * * * *". Fourthly, it embodies the combination of knowledge and the improvement of students' comprehensive quality. Situation and policy is a multi-disciplinary knowledge system, such as China's entry into WTO and the interpretation of higher education level, rejuvenating the country through science and education, etc.
Thirdly, the innovation of teaching mode.
In the past, there were some shortcomings in the teaching of Situation and Policy, such as backward teaching concept, outdated teaching methods and single teaching means. The concepts of "cramming" and "hitting the world with a piece of chalk" are common in class, which greatly affects students' interest in learning. In order to strengthen the teaching effect of "Situation and Policy" and highlight the characteristics of "seeking truth, reform and innovation", concrete measures have been taken.
(A) the reform of teaching methods, to achieve the transformation from "traditional" to "modern". Strengthen the reform of teaching methods and adhere to the concept of "one point three changes and three taboos". A key point is that when choosing teaching content, teachers should pay special attention to the topics that students are most concerned about, demanding, reacting and interested in. "Three changes and three taboos" refers to the change from the teaching transfer with teachers as the main body and students as the object to the teaching interaction mode with students as the main body and teachers as the leading role, but avoiding students as the main body is equivalent to letting teachers play a supporting role. Change from "in class" and "out of class" to integrating theory with practice, but don't add "in class" to "out of class", which is equivalent to integrating theory with practice; The "empty preaching" indoctrination of "full house irrigation" is transformed into "indoctrination of art, method and level", but abandoning "full house irrigation" is the same as not indoctrinating.
(2) Reform teaching methods to realize the transformation from "single and inflexible" to "flexible and diverse". First, combine large-scale education with regular education. Large-scale education can produce sensational effect and concentration effect, and can effectively guide students' attention. Normative education is mainly routine education, which should focus on the hot and difficult issues that students care about and major current events at home and abroad. Second, we should combine systematic lectures with situational lectures and special lectures. To do a good job in systematic teaching of situation and policy education, the theme of each class should be carefully arranged and the key points should be highlighted. At the same time, colleges and universities should establish a student situation report system in light of the actual situation, invite party and government leaders at all levels or responsible comrades of university party committees to give lectures to students, and invite a group of teachers with high theoretical level and keen awareness of situation and policy to form a roving report group to give lectures to students. Third, classroom teaching should be combined with solving practical problems. Guiding students to correctly understand the situation and policies is inseparable from the satisfaction of students' interests, and education should be combined with solving practical problems. Schools can combine the credit system to accumulate scores for students' lectures, discussions and reports, and these scores can be converted into part of the academic performance of the course. Fourth, we should combine macro education with micro education. In the education of situation and policy, it is necessary for colleges and universities to introduce "school situation" and correctly understand the small-scale and large-scale environmental situation, so as to realistically think about the related issues between themselves and the country, society and the world, and improve their ability of analysis and judgment. Fifth, integrate theory with practice. Only by implementing the principle of integrating theory with practice can we make the situation and policy education attractive and vital, guide students to participate in public teaching practice, make use of holidays to make social visits, and let students learn from them, increase their talents and make contributions. Sixth, classroom teaching should be combined with extracurricular discussion and communication. Use a variety of forms to cooperate with classroom teaching, carefully organize group discussions, including teacher-student dialogue, draw up positive and negative topics before class, watch video clips to talk about opinions, grasp the timing of major festivals, anniversaries and events, and hold symposiums and seminars. Seventh, the combination of in-class education and extracurricular education. Through extracurricular education, we can make up for the lack of timeliness of situation and policy education and realize the effective mode of multi-mode teaching. First, we should innovate campus cultural construction activities, and second, we should give full play to the role of campus news media, such as school newspapers, radio stations, websites and publicity.
(3) Reform the teaching process and realize the transformation from "rigid" to "strategic". In the process of teaching, it is necessary to change the rigidity between teaching and learning and realize the interaction and two-way communication between teachers and students in order to achieve better educational results. When innovating classroom teaching. First, we must achieve "five natures." That is, strengthen the understanding and grasp of teaching points and teaching contents, and enhance the scientific nature of teaching; Deeply understand the life experience and ideological reality of contemporary college students, make the situation policy education "close to reality, close to life and close to students" and enhance the pertinence of teaching; Fully understand students' concern about social hotspots, doubts and difficult problems, and enhance the effectiveness of teaching; Infiltrate Marxist situation and policy view in teaching to enhance the pertinence of teaching; Face up to all kinds of bad phenomena in social life, reveal the reasons and strengthen the teaching principles. The second is to achieve "three more", that is, to give students more time to participate in teaching and pay attention to giving play to students' subjective initiative; Give students more thinking space and pay attention to cultivating students' innovative ability; Give students more opportunities to show their comprehensive quality and pay attention to cultivating their all-round development.
Reform teaching methods and realize the transformation from "traditional simplification" to "modern diversification" Through the investigation of our college, we know that "boring", "monotonous" and "boring" are often the reasons why students don't like the course "Situation and Policy". At the same time, we find that students are more attractive to visual multimedia such as audio pictures and words. Therefore, make full use of modern information network technology, and widely use TV teaching and multimedia teaching in situation and policy education. At the same time, the main website and column of situation and policy education are also established. According to the actual situation of schools and students, static and dynamic channels and columns are set up, online expert forums for high-level teachers are set up, expert network fuel banks are set up, students are guided to communicate online in time, online questions and answers are carried out, and online teaching evaluation system is established to meet students' needs for extensive and open knowledge.
Fourth, the standardization of teaching links.
Each course will involve all aspects of teaching. To ensure the smooth completion of the teaching task, we must do every link and work well. Therefore, to improve and strengthen the teaching of Situation and Policy, we must pay attention to the following four links. Take the implementation of each link as the premise of completing the teaching task, and institutionalize and standardize the teaching links.
First, the teaching content is in place, and the policy, timeliness and dynamics of situation and policy education determine the importance of textbook construction and textbook construction. Therefore, we must increase support and investment, strengthen management and supervision, and ensure the standardization of teaching materials and teaching materials. First, set up a textbook compilation department. Mainly from the teachers engaged in ideological and political theory teaching in colleges and universities, some teachers with deep qualifications, strong ability and good business skills are drawn to compile teaching materials, which can make this kind of education keep up with the pace of the times and arouse students' enthusiasm and autonomy in learning. Second, establish a resource pool. The establishment of resource database can realize resource sharing, facilitate driving school teaching and students' reference, and grasp the domestic and international situation and policies conveniently and quickly. Third, organize the study materials regularly. Colleges and universities distribute the current affairs report (college edition) compiled by the Propaganda Department of the Chinese Communist Party's current affairs report magazine entrusted by the Ministry of Education to every student as a teaching material, and the current affairs report serves as a learning guidance material for students and a necessary teaching material for teachers.
The second is the construction of teaching staff. First, strengthen the construction of teaching staff. Schools should attach importance to the construction of teachers' quality, adhere to the principles of selection, reuse and Yuko Yan, and strive to build a team of teachers with strong politics, fine professionalism and positive style. Secondly, strengthen the construction of teaching staff. It is necessary to build a team of teachers with full-time teachers as the backbone, ideological and political education as the main body, and combining full-time and part-time jobs. Third, strengthen the construction of teacher training. Do a good job in teacher training. Teachers should be regularly organized to participate in training courses and advanced studies, and the backbone teachers of the situation and policies should be organized to carry out social practice and field visits in a planned way to strengthen teachers' scientific research ability. Finally, strengthen the construction of teachers' funding guarantee. We should fully consider the characteristics of this course and reasonably calculate the teaching workload of full-time and part-time teachers.
Third, the establishment of evaluation mechanism and the content of policy evaluation are in three aspects: practice, understanding and application. Colleges and universities adopt flexible evaluation methods in combination with their own reality. You can write a paper in the form of a closed book around the situation and policy content, combined with the actual life; You can use the method of report+self-study report+course examination; Can be combined with social practice and experience; The paper can be written in the form of an open book around the content of the situation and policy course, combined with social practice, or in the form of a combination of closed-book examination knowledge points and open-book writing.
The fourth is to strengthen teaching and research work. Schools should focus on the basic theories and viewpoints of Marxist concept of situation and policy, study the hot and difficult issues that students are concerned about, pay close attention to major events at home and abroad, grasp the dynamics in a timely and accurate manner, and constantly enhance the sensitivity and timeliness of education and teaching. Schools should encourage and organize teachers to carry out scientific research, support related research topics, and provide a garden for the publication of research results.
References:
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* * * * Central Committee, Propaganda Department and Ministry of Education. Notice on Further Strengthening Situation and Policy Education for College Students .2004
Zhang songde Innovation and Practice of Situation and Policy Education for College Students, Yunmeng Journal, March 2006.
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