First, the examination paper of Zhao, the top scholar of the Ming Dynasty, is unique in China. This volume is a 19 fold album page, which is divided into two parts. The first part is the resume of the author and his first three generations, imitating the Song Dynasty, with a total of four lines. Above the first fold, there is a square seal of the seal script "Libu Seal". This part is sealed, and the seal is covered with the watermark of "seal closed". The second half is the text, with a total of 15 pages and a total of 2460 words, written in small letters. In the upper right corner of the front page of the test paper, there are six big characters of "first place, first place". After the text, there are the official positions and names of nine marked officials, such as university students, ministers of rites, ministers of war and ministers of households.
1983 was donated by Zhao huanbin, the13rd generation grandson of farmer Zhao in Zhengmu Town, Qingzhou. Appraised by experts from the Palace Museum in Beijing, this paper is an original work of the Ming Dynasty, which has been identified as a national first-class cultural relic, filling the gap in the court archives of the Ming Dynasty in China and becoming an orphan at home and abroad.
Ancient court exams, also called "countermeasures", meant that candidates answered questions in front of the emperor. Zhao used ink carefully in the temple test, and his handwriting was correct and there were no mistakes. In his paper, Zhao analyzed the social contradictions at that time in a simple way, and put forward a series of reform suggestions in view of the current disadvantages, which reflected his great talent in governing the country and safeguarding the country. In this paper, Zhao has many compliments to Emperor Wanli, but he also put forward the "theory of heaven and man" as the essence of this countermeasure. Zhao advocates that rulers must make great efforts to govern the country, cheer up their spirits, be diligent as a supplement, be ruled by law as a supplement, rectify official management and appease people's hearts, so that the world can be peaceful and happy. To this end, Zhao put forward the arguments of "solid politics" and "solid politics", that is, governing the country by laws and regulations and strengthening moral education. He believes that only by combining the two can we achieve the goal of governing the country and safeguarding the country. It is precisely because of Zhao's desperate strategy that Emperor Wanli was so happy and was named the "No.1 scholar", that is, the No.1 scholar. After Zhao entered politics, he was honest and wise as an official and was praised by the emperor many times. Because of Zhao's outstanding achievements, he soon became an assistant minister of does.
2. Buddhist Statues in longxing temple 1996 10 More than 400 statues were unearthed in the cellar of longxing temple site in Qingzhou. Because of its large number, complete variety, well-preserved gilded paintings, exquisite carving and large span, it was rated as one of the "Top Ten Archaeological Discoveries in China from 65438 to 0996" and "One of the Top 100 Archaeological Discoveries in China in the 20th Century". In recent years, they have been invited to exhibit in Beijing, the United States, Japan, Germany, Britain, Switzerland and other places, causing widespread concern and being called "the great discovery of rewriting the history of oriental art", thus establishing the position of "Qingzhou style" Buddhist art in the whole Buddhist art. "
Longxing temple, founded in the Northern Wei Dynasty, was destroyed in the early Ming Dynasty and coexisted for more than 800 years. It was one of the famous temples in China at that time. 1996 5438+00 In June, when leveling the playground in the south of the museum, a rectangular pit was accidentally discovered. The cellar is 8.7 meters long from east to west and 6.8 meters wide from north to south. There is a slope in the middle, which should be reserved for the excavation of the cellar and set up for transporting and releasing statues. The unearthed statues are divided into three layers: upper, middle and lower. A mat pattern was found on the top of the statue, indicating that the statue was covered with reed mats before burial. It belongs to the Northern Wei Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty, spanning about 500 years, and most of the statues are concentrated in the late Northern Wei Dynasty to the Northern Qi Dynasty. Statue types are divided into back screen statue, single round carved Buddha statue, bodhisattva statue, arhat statue and sacrificial statue.
Third, the jade of the "Yi descendants" in the Eastern Han Dynasty was mainly used for etiquette and tombs. Yu Bi, a descendant of Yi people, was discovered in Majiazi Village, Tan Fang Town, Qingzhou City on 1982. It is made of the first-class Hetian jade in Xinjiang, with warm texture and exquisite carving. It is a typical wall with a round bottom contour, and the interior area is decorated with Puwenhe 158 breasts. Jade wall maintains a harmonious and unified aesthetic feeling, full of movement and aura, and is a masterpiece of jade in Han Dynasty. This jadeite jade suitable for later generations is famous for its large volume and exquisite carving. At present, it is the only large-scale jade collection of Han Dynasty engraved with Chinese characters in China.