In order to improve the national education level and make more people get learning opportunities, the state provides various forms of continuing education. Especially in university education, in addition to the general college entrance examination, it also provides four channels: adult college entrance examination, higher education self-study examination, radio and television university and online education, which provides more choices and possibilities for those who have no chance to enter the university campus through the college entrance examination. But many people who need opportunities don't know how many choices they have, and they don't know the difference between these educational methods.
Recently, the reporter interviewed Professor Dong Dakui, Dean of Continuing Education College of Tongji University, Professor Shen Yongbao, Vice President of Fudan Online Education College, and Gui Yinsheng, a teacher of Shanghai TV University, and asked them to analyze the similarities and differences of these four types of examinations for readers.
Comparison of entry thresholds
Adult higher education entrance examination is a national unified entrance examination, which is selected by the school according to the examination results and held once a year.
There is no joint examination for self-study examination of higher education. Candidates who take a single subject examination and pass a subject will be issued with a certificate of conformity. After all subjects are qualified, academic certificates will be issued. There are two exams every year, and candidates choose exam subjects according to the situation.
Radio and TV universities also don't need exams, as long as they have relevant qualifications, they can enroll.
Online universities in colleges and universities are independently proposed and organized by enrollment colleges.
Generally speaking, the self-taught examination and RTVU implement "lenient entrance and strict exit", and there is basically no entrance threshold; However, both adult college entrance examination and online university require pre-entrance examination. The difference is that the adult college entrance examination is a national unified examination, while the online university is an independent test for all enrollment institutions. Judging from the difficulty of the exam, some online universities are well-known, and the majors they recruit are all strong majors in the school, so the entrance requirements are relatively high and the test questions are more difficult.
Comparison of learning styles
Adult college entrance examination mainly includes full-time and amateur, correspondence and other learning methods.
Self-study is mainly self-study, and you can also participate in self-study classes organized by other social training forces or examiner schools.
There are two ways to teach online education. One is to teach online through the Internet, where students can browse classes, finish homework, ask questions and communicate through bbs, and the other is to teach face to face. Many international students who want to enter their favorite universities can complete their studies by applying for online colleges and receiving distance teaching.
There are two ways for RTVU: online classes and face-to-face lectures. For those who live in unstable places and may need to travel for a long time, they can consider choosing Radio and TV University to study because of its long stay. If you change your place of work or residence, you only need to register a letter of recommendation from RTVU, and students can continue their studies in RTVU in other cities without paying other extra fees.
All four methods can be studied after class, but for those with poor self-study ability and self-control, it is best to choose centralized teaching.
Comparison of enrollment targets
The enrollment scope of adult college entrance examination, online universities and radio and TV universities includes on-the-job personnel, employees and other social personnel. Generally speaking, those who apply for junior college or undergraduate courses at the starting point of high school must obtain the graduation certificate of ordinary high school, secondary specialized school or vocational and technical school or equivalent. Those who apply for the starting point of junior college should have a junior college degree or above in national education series.
Adult college entrance examination mainly recruits local registered students, and foreign students can also study by correspondence. Because of the advantages of their own teaching methods, online universities and TV universities have no geographical restrictions on the scope of enrollment.
Candidates who take the self-taught examination are not limited by gender, age, nationality, race and education level, and belong to completely open education. Even if you only have a junior high school diploma, you can sign up for the self-study exam.
Comparison of study years
The study time of adult college entrance examination varies with enrollment levels, majors and learning methods, ranging from 2 years to 5-6 years.
Self-study placement, cumulative credits, and finally get a diploma, not limited by the semester and academic year system.
RTVU education implements the credit system, which lasts for two years and is valid for eight years.
Online education also generally implements flexible academic system, allowing students to choose their study time freely. Taking Tongji University as an example, the study period for enrolling advanced students in construction engineering is 4-6 years, 2-4 years and 2.5-5 years for advanced students.
Comparison of learning cost
To participate in the adult college entrance examination, the tuition fee in public schools is generally about 3,500 yuan per academic year, and it is higher in private schools.
If the self-study exam is just a self-study exam, you only need to pay the exam fee and textbook fee. The examination fee is one subject in 30 yuan. If you attend remedial classes, there are tuition fees. The tuition fee is around 500 yuan.
Radio and TV universities charge by semester, and the cost of part-time study is lower than that of full-time study. Take Shanghai Radio and TV University as an example. The cost of a college (including books) is about 1570 yuan, and that of a college is 2250 yuan.
The fees of online universities are generally calculated according to credits, and different schools charge different fees. Generally, one credit is about 100 yuan. If the major you choose requires 80 credits to graduate, the tuition fee is about 10000 yuan. For example, if the total score of Goldman Sachs College of Tongji University is 75 (excluding construction engineering) and the cost per credit in Shanghai is 150 yuan, the cost per academic year is 4,500 yuan; The total credit of this course is 160, and the cost per academic year is 7200 yuan. But relatively speaking, students in online universities can save a series of expenses such as accommodation, meals and transportation.
Judging from the total cost, the cost of self-taught examination and TV University is relatively low, which is more suitable for people with low income.
Comparison of enrollment institutions
Adult colleges and universities can be divided into evening classes and correspondence classes organized by ordinary colleges and universities, independent adult colleges such as amateur universities and staff universities, as well as radio and television universities, management cadre colleges and education colleges. In recent years, private colleges and independent secondary colleges have been added.
Self-taught exams are mainly conducted by ordinary colleges and universities, and examiner schools or social force training institutions provide self-taught training.
The enrollment institutions of RTVU are Central RTVU and independent RTVU in all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities with separate plans.
The enrollment colleges of online education are 68 ordinary colleges and universities approved by the state with the qualification of distance online education. Some schools' online education and adult education belong to continuing education colleges, and some have established online education colleges separately.
When choosing to apply for various colleges and universities, we must know whether they have nationally recognized academic qualifications.
Comparison of gold content in certificates
Adult college entrance examination, self-taught examination, TV university and online education all issue nationally recognized academic certificates. Diploma recipients have the same treatment as similar graduates in ordinary colleges and universities, and they can all take postgraduate examinations, civil service examinations and judicial examinations. Anyone who meets the relevant conditions can apply for a bachelor's degree.
However, there are still some differences in the validity of the four certificates. Self-taught exams are the most difficult to obtain academic certificates, so their recognition is relatively high. At present, there are diplomas of higher education self-study examination recognized by 26 countries including the United States, Britain and Japan.
The diploma of RTVU has also been recognized by many countries such as Britain, the United States, Japan and Australia.
For the candidates who take the online exam, the key lies not in the online education diploma itself, but in the famous brand and professional strength that the online education institute relies on. The majors offered by online colleges in many colleges and universities are the key majors of the school. Facts have proved that students from online colleges such as Fudan University and Tongji University are also quite competitive in employment. The employment rate of Fudan Online Education College graduates this year exceeds 85%, and there are many world-renowned enterprises such as PricewaterhouseCoopers among the employment units.
expert opinion/advice
Choose further study and consider self-discipline ability.
Candidates should clearly understand their own specific situation, registration time, economic conditions, self-discipline ability, learning purpose, interests, etc. , and choose accordingly. Avoid the mismatch between majors and interests, the difficulty in coordinating working hours and class hours, and ultimately the inability to persist in completing their studies.
Take learning as the main purpose. No matter what kind of certificate you get in the end, the key to candidates' employment lies in their own ability, so in the process of choosing learning methods, you should first aim at whether you can learn knowledge. Of course, choosing a major in a famous university will also bring considerable advantages to employment.
Don't be superstitious about the number of college students enrolled. Some colleges and universities often hang up the sign of enrollment number when enrolling students to show their strength. As we all know, it is precisely because of the blind expansion of enrollment in some colleges and universities that the number of students exceeds the ability of teachers, which leads to the shrinkage of teaching quality and the impact on students' interests.
Noun interpretation
online education
Network education is a modern distance education with the Internet as a teaching tool. At present, there are 68 pilot schools of modern distance education approved by the Ministry of Education. Shanghai modern distance education pilot schools include Shanghai Jiaotong University, Fudan University, Tongji University, East China University of Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai International Studies University and East China Normal University.
Online colleges in pilot colleges can decide their own enrollment scope and standards, examination methods, enrollment numbers, enrollment majors, graduation certificates, etc. Those who complete their studies and meet the requirements will be awarded the university graduation certificate, and their academic qualifications will be recognized by the state.
radio and television university
Radio and TV University is an institution of higher learning that uses various media to conduct modern distance open education. Central Radio and TV University is an institution of higher learning directly under the Ministry of Education. Provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government, cities under separate state planning and independently established TV universities are institutions of higher learning under the jurisdiction of local governments at the same level.
RTVU is regarded as a typical non-threshold enrollment, and students call it a real "non-walled" university. Its characteristic is that as long as you have relevant academic qualifications, you can sign up for study without passing the entrance examination. RTVU education implements the credit system, which lasts for two years and is valid for eight years.
self-study higher education examination
Self-study examination of higher education is an important part of higher education in China. Candidates can choose relevant majors according to their own situation and take part in the study of this major course without passing the entrance examination. There are three types of higher education self-study exams: junior college, undergraduate and independent undergraduate course.
Candidates have two exams a year. Candidates can get a college diploma or an undergraduate diploma after passing the unified examination organized by the state. Undergraduate graduates can also apply for a bachelor's degree.