Good psychological quality is an important part of people's comprehensive quality. Mental health education is an education to improve the psychological quality of primary and secondary school students and an important part of implementing quality education. Primary and secondary school students are in an important period of physical and mental development. With the development of physiology and psychology, the expansion of social experience and the change of thinking mode, especially in the face of the pressure of social competition and the influence of social environment in the spring tide of market economy, people will encounter all kinds of psychological puzzles or problems in study, life, interpersonal communication, further education and employment, self-awareness and so on. Therefore, developing mental health education in primary and secondary schools is the need of students' growth and the inevitable requirement of promoting students' quality education. In order to thoroughly implement the Opinions of the State Council of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Strengthening and Improving the Ideological and Moral Construction of Minors, further guide and standardize the mental health education in primary and secondary schools, and combine the actual situation of primary and secondary education in this area, this plan is formulated.
I. Guiding ideology
Guided by "Deng Xiaoping Theory" and Theory of Three Represents, we should adhere to the "Three Orientations" and the principle of educating people. According to the characteristics and laws of physical and mental development of primary and secondary school students, the theory and methods of mental health education should be used to cultivate good psychological quality of primary and secondary school students and promote their all-round and harmonious physical and mental development.
Second, the basic principles
1. Carry out targeted education according to the characteristics of students' psychological development and the laws of physical and mental development.
2. For all students, through popularizing educational activities, students can have a positive understanding of mental health education and gradually improve their psychological quality.
3. Pay attention to individual differences, and carry out various forms of education and counseling according to the different needs of students to improve their mental health.
4. Respect students, take students as the main body, and fully stimulate and mobilize students' enthusiasm.
Third, the training objectives
1. Make students know themselves correctly constantly, and enhance their abilities of self-adjustment, bearing setbacks and adapting to the environment.
2. Cultivate students' sound personality and good personality psychological quality.
3. Give scientific and effective psychological consultation and guidance to a few students who have psychological troubles or psychological barriers, so that they can get rid of obstacles as soon as possible, adjust themselves, improve their mental health and enhance their self-education ability.
Four. main content
Popularize the basic knowledge of mental health, establish mental health awareness, understand simple psychological adjustment methods, understand psychological abnormalities, and initially grasp the common sense of mental health. The key points are to learn to study, communicate with others, enter a higher school and choose a job, and adapt to life and society.
1. Lower grades of primary school:
(1) Help students adapt to the new environment, new groups, new study life and feelings, and enjoy learning knowledge.
(2) Enjoy the interaction with teachers and classmates, and experience friendship in modest and friendly interaction.
2. Middle and senior grades in primary schools
(1) Help students taste the joy of solving difficulties in their study life, adjust their learning mentality, improve their interest and self-confidence, treat their academic achievements correctly, overcome their weariness of learning, experience the joy of learning success, and cultivate an enterprising attitude towards graduation and further studies.
(2) Cultivate collective consciousness, be good at communicating with more students in class activities, establish a cheerful, gregarious and independent healthy personality, and cultivate the ability to participate in activities independently and automatically.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) concrete implementation methods and ways
The main way of mental health education, the basic working orientation of school psychological counseling is: developmental counseling is the main working goal, supplemented by therapy; The way is mainly group counseling, supplemented by individual counseling, and the psychological structure is mainly the integration of knowledge and action.
First, offer psychological counseling activity class, which is a kind of activity class specially designed for psychological counseling and should be included in the teaching plan. Its characteristics are: student activities are mainly in form, the content is completely suitable for students' actual needs, and the activities are organized by teaching classes. The purpose, content, methods and procedures of the activity class are systematically planned and designed. The advantage of psychological counseling in this way is that it can have a purposeful and positive impact on students' cognition, emotion, attitude and behavior in specially organized activities. Student activities are conducive to giving full play to their initiative, taking the teaching class as the activity unit, which is convenient for organization and management, and can benefit all students in the class from tutoring activities. The inclusion of psychological counseling in the curriculum also ensures the development of this work in terms of personnel and time. Therefore, students receive a wide range of counseling, which is conducive to overall improvement.
Second, individual counseling.
Individual tutoring is a professional activity to help teachers through one-on-one communication and interaction with students. Commonly used methods include psychological counseling, caring teacher's email, home visit, class teacher's phone call, case analysis and so on. Case study is an in-depth and lasting individual counseling for individual students (usually some special students, including students with excellent qualifications, students with emotional troubles, students with behavioral deviations, students with weak families, etc.). ). It needs to collect information extensively, objectively analyze the causes and nature of problems, and make counseling plans according to the diagnosis results to help students solve problems. Because the essence of psychological counseling lies in individual therapy, it can be said that individual counseling is an irreplaceable counseling method. No matter how the school conducts psychological counseling, its counseling work is incomplete if it is not combined with individual counseling.
Third, group counseling.
Group counseling, also known as group counseling (psychological interest activity group), is a group where students discuss and train under the guidance of a tutor and effectively deal with the common problems they face. The number of people in the group ranges from four or five to eleven or twelve. Most of its members are students of the same grade and age, who have similar psychological problems to solve. The applicable conditions of group psychological counseling are: students' psychological problems are related to interpersonal communication, and group members are willing to discuss their own problems in the group. A group usually has more than ten activities, each with a class hour. Group counseling has the advantages of both class counseling and individual counseling, and it is a psychological counseling method with great development potential. The group is composed of students voluntarily, and the students who are enthusiastic, positive and responsible for their work are recommended as the group leader. Activities are carried out seven or eight times each semester, and the effect is good. It should be emphasized that organizing students to participate in various social practice activities is an important way for school psychological counseling.
Fourthly, psychological counseling is carried out in combination with class and group activities.
With the joint efforts of the head teacher, psychological counseling teachers and teachers of various subjects, the group will grow into a learning organization through class activities and group psychological counseling activities, and everyone in the group will grow up in the process of growing up. Combining class meeting activities, extracurricular activities and group activities is the characteristic of this method. The "career counseling" of freshmen when they enter school, the psychology of taking exams when they graduate, and the counseling of voluntary choice also belong to this category. Psychological counseling can be combined with class, team activities and other routine activities of the school, which is convenient to play the overall function of these tasks in unified educational activities.
Fifth, hold lectures on related knowledge.
It is undoubtedly necessary to impart and popularize psychological counseling knowledge to students through related knowledge lectures, school-based courses, school journals, etc., to help students correctly understand themselves and effectively adjust their psychology and behavior.
Sixth, permeate mental health education in all disciplines.
Teachers in all subjects perform the role of team leader in subject teaching, and promote students' growth by establishing a new relationship between teachers and students, encouraging students to carry out cooperative learning, and infiltrating psychological education factors into subject teaching.
Seventh, make use of society, parents and schools to carry out mental health education.
Use the Internet and major social events to educate students on mental health, guide parents to correct family education methods through parents' schools, home visits, parent-teacher conferences, etc., and help parents attach importance to their children's mental health education. Students can also be educated on mental health through progressive donations, one-on-one pairing, thanksgiving activities, etc.