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What is the guiding role of Bruner and Gagne's cognitive learning theory for higher education?
Gagne (19 16-), an American educational psychologist, was contemporary with Bloom. In the 1970s, according to students' learning results, he divided the acquisition ability into the following five categories:

A verbal message can state what it has learned from the language.

Wisdom skills can solve problems by analyzing concepts, symbols and rules (principles, rules, formulas, theorems, etc.). ).

Thirdly, cognitive strategies regulate their internal psychological activities.

4. Attitude towards people or things.

Five motor skills acquisition skilled and coherent movements.

In these five categories, some small levels are divided respectively. For example, wisdom skills are divided into four levels: discrimination-concept-rules-advanced rules; Cognitive strategies are divided into coding strategies, memory search strategies, extraction strategies, thinking strategies and so on.

Regarding the similarities and differences between the two classification systems of educational objectives, some people think that Gagne "put aside the framework of Bloom's classification of educational objectives and put forward five categories of classification objectives". Gagne "examined the educational goal from different angles." The starting point of Bloom's educational goal classification theory is to serve the educational evaluation, which is mainly conceived for the needs of educational evaluation. Gagne's classification of educational goals is to improve teaching design. Gagne's classification system of educational goals from another angle has played a role that Bloom's theory can't. "

However, some people think that "the two classification systems are exactly the same in the division of the three major fields, and the only difference is the different words." ..... is that the classification standards and purposes of subcategories in the cognitive field are different. "In order to prove that the two are the same, I made an analogy in the list:

Comparison between Bloom s Classification of Educational Objectives and Gagne s Classification of Learning Results;

Bloom classification system

(1) Cognition: 1, Knowledge 2, Wisdom Skills: Understanding, Application, Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation.

(2) Emotion

(3) Psychological function

Gagne classification system

(1) Cognition: 1, Speech Information 2, Advanced Rules for Distinguishing intellectual skills's Concept Rules.

(2) Attitude

(3) motor skills

Of the above two viewpoints, the former emphasizes the difference between them, while the latter emphasizes the similarity between them. Both emphasize one aspect, and the discussion is reasonable. In fact, there are similarities, differences and similarities between the two classifications. Don't just look at one aspect and ignore the other, so that the understanding is more comprehensive and more realistic.