Mr. Cai Yuanpei, a famous educator in China, said: "Everyone has feelings, but not everyone has great and noble behaviors. This is because the emotional driving force is weak, and it needs to be cultivated if it is to be weak and strong. The tools cultivated by Tao are the objects of beauty; Tao Yang's role is called aesthetic education. " It can be seen that emotional education is very important for the formation of noble behavior. In the kindergarten education stage, the goal of emotional education is to establish a positive emotional state, healthy emotional quality and initial emotional ability with happiness and interest as the main tone on the basis of respecting children's natural taste. As an educational tool of aesthetic education, art education should be its inherent educational function to cultivate people's noble moral sentiments. However, how to make full use of art education as a carrier to carry out effective emotional education for children who are full of emotional life and have strong emotional feelings for all good things, and to promote the formation of their healthy moral feelings, is the most worthy of our consideration at present.
First, the importance and necessity of implementing emotional education in children's art teaching activities
Emotional attitude is the core factor of personality elements. The development of children is not only the development of cognition, but also the development of emotion. However, people's emotional growth is often ignored. As early as the mid-1960s, Japanese philosophers criticized Japanese education for "forgetting the other half of education" and "sacrificing the other half of education" because of the lack of emotional education. For a long time, the same is true of education in China, especially in the basic period of cultivating personality elements-kindergarten education, which generally ignores its emotional growth. In the art education system, the goal of kindergarten art education has always been to cultivate children's interest in art, initially master the skills of using art tools and materials, show their understanding and feelings about the surrounding life, and develop children's observation, imagination and creativity. The focus of education is often to impart knowledge, form skills and develop intelligence. With the development of the times, the disadvantages of these traditional art teaching gradually appear, mainly for children who are not good at feeling nature, society and life, and cannot accumulate emotional experience and enrich their emotions and abilities. Later, although the goal of art education was revised, the goal of aesthetic education was defined as "sprouting children's initial feelings and expressions of beauty". However, as this is the general task of aesthetic education, the specific field of art education is not clear. Therefore, in the actual teaching practice, preschool teachers often still follow some old teaching methods, only pay attention to imparting some knowledge and skills of artistic activities, and emphasize children's understanding and reaction to art.
Preschool education in China, which has entered the 2 1 century, should be an education to realize the harmonious development of children's cognition, emotion, ability and personality through various teaching channels. At present, children in kindergartens in China are generally only children, and parents often spoil or even spoil their children, which easily leads to disobedience, unsociable, selfishness and poor self-confidence. If it is not guided and cultivated, it will easily lead to unhealthy psychology, which is not conducive to the formation of healthy moral feelings. In recent years, a large number of studies have shown that childhood is the most perfect stage of various sensory organs, the most sensitive stage of accepting emotional stimuli, the critical period of forming healthy emotions and basic emotions, and the best period of emotional education. Therefore, it is still important and necessary to systematically and purposefully cultivate children's positive emotional state, healthy emotional quality and initial emotional ability. Art is an important means for children to express their feelings. In the practice of kindergarten education, we should make full use of art education as a carrier to encourage and cultivate children's positive emotions and emotions, channel and control their negative emotions, make use of the diversity and personality characteristics of artistic works, let children experience the happiness of successful creation, establish full self-confidence, and promote the formation of their moral feelings such as tolerance, respect for others and optimism, which is conducive to the development of children's healthy personality, future life and social harmony.
Second, the feasibility of implementing emotional education in art teaching activities
1. Curiosity is the basic point of emotional education in fine arts. Emotion and emotional attitude determine whether people approach or avoid a certain situation or object, whether they like it or not, thus affecting people's choice of cognitive goals, and then affecting the breadth and depth of people's understanding of goals. The same is true of artistic activities. Many artists can succeed because they have maintained a lasting interest in art, so in art education activities, children can be guided to describe things around them with shapes, lines and colors purposefully, attracting more attention and arousing their interest, thus constantly enriching their emotions and emotions.
2. Art activities are an important carrier for children's emotional education. As a visual art, art is essentially the external expression of inner feelings, and it is a perceptual life image composed of shape, line and color. For children, the role of art lies not in how profound its artistry and ideology are, nor in how skillful its artistic skills are, but in the needs of emotional development. Children's art painting activities in graffiti stage and schema stage have obvious "self-centeredness" characteristics, and can reflect the object according to their own subjective experience, express their thoughts and feelings, and convey these thoughts and feelings to others through their own creation. Therefore, in the practice of art education, children's art teachers can guide children to give full play to their imagination according to the standards and laws of beauty, show their own personal experiences and emotions through colors and lines, and make their inner feelings and external forms isomorphic, and at the same time, they can be generalized from art to other fields of life, enriching and developing their emotional world.
Third, the basic teaching methods of emotional education
Emotional education is different from cognitive education. It does not aim at imparting knowledge, forming skills and developing intelligence. Its educational process is also different from the general teaching process. It relies more on people's own emotions and experiences, emphasizing feeling, perception, experience, understanding and reaction. The core mechanism is to let children feel and experience.
1, cultivate children's interest and hobby in art and respect their wishes. People often say that "children do things according to their interests" and "children are prisoners of emotions". We can observe in painting teaching that when children are interested in painting, they are very dedicated and devoted to painting; How can you tell him not to draw when you don't want to? Therefore, this kind of interest and curiosity with primitive emotional nature is an internally driven emotion and the source of power for children's early understanding. For example, Xiao Wang drew a car with many wheels when he was a child. When the teacher corrected his sidecar, he just drew two wheels, but he didn't accept it. Instead, he plausibly believes that "more wheels run faster." In fact, Xiao Wang integrated his feelings into the painting and expressed his desire to make the car run faster. When a teacher understands his creative intention, he must first affirm and avoid dampening his enthusiasm. Then, through some physical observation activities, he can understand the basic characteristics of things, let him respect children, guide them correctly from their intentions, and let children have a strong interest in life and the surrounding environment from an early age, enthusiastically participate in various activities, and form liveliness.
2. Understand children's art works and their creative psychology. First, pay attention to capture children's emotional state and emotional types from their paintings. Due to the limitation of painting skills, children painted crooked, grotesque and ugly images, but these grotesque images were perceptual images in the hearts of children at that time. For example, when emotional experience leaves the deepest memory for children, smile-eyes narrowed into a line, corners of the mouth bent upward; Crying-it's a big tear; Eat-it is the happiest, show a big mouth. Another example is the painting My Mom and Dad. Most children draw a big man in the middle of the paper, thinking it is their mother. One of the little people next to him is his father and the other is himself. It can be seen that when children draw, the different emotional relationships between mother, father and children are vividly displayed. The second is to understand the creative psychology of children's paintings. Children express their feelings intuitively in the form of paintings, sometimes with a happy mood. Sometimes I feel negative and vent my emotions. When drawing a "birthday", many students draw only a birthday cake, and no one can see it. However, from the psychological point of view of children, we can fully understand that it is a great pleasure for children to eat cakes on their birthdays. Another example is that a child wants to help the teacher with something, but he can't carry it. In his works of art, he drew a little boy with four hands, one holding a book and the other moving a table, expressing his desire to help the teacher with things, but he could do nothing. Although children's paintings can't be compared with adult works of art, they can show strong subjective color in the expression of image, color and painting space, making the picture more abstract and intuitive. Therefore, only by fully capturing children's psychology and emotions can we cultivate and enrich children's emotional world purposefully and pertinently in art teaching activities and promote children's healthy psychological growth.
3. Help children guide and control their emotions. People often say: "Painting can vent emotions and balance children's psychology." A large number of observations show that most children often express their feelings through painting. For example, a little girl likes cake very much, but she can't eat it every time she eats a small piece, so she drew a cake and a little girl with a big mouth in her "birthday" work to express her love for cake and her desire to eat more. There are also some children who use painting to vent their emotions. For example, Xiao Zhao, a child, was bullied by other children in the game. He drew a figure in an art activity, but after painting, he drew the figure with a brush, and it was a thick black line. This is his pent-up feelings. Therefore, in children's art activities, teachers should use some art games or voluntary activities to guide and help children to fully express their thoughts, and at the same time induce children to experience the happiness of being willing to associate with others, the happiness brought by beautiful things, and the happiness of collective activities. For example, encourage little girls to invite other children to eat cakes and share happiness on their birthdays; Encourage children to take the initiative to find close people to discuss and solve problems when they encounter difficulties, so as to gradually cultivate their healthy emotional quality and initial emotional ability.
4. Correctly evaluate the creation of children's paintings. Evaluation is an important link in art teaching activities, and comprehensive and objective evaluation is an important guarantee to maintain children's interest in participating in painting activities.
(1) Let children feel the success of art painting creation. Everyone hopes to show their value through activities and gain recognition and praise from others through successful works. In art teaching activities, it is very important for children to often feel the joy of success. It can not only cultivate their interest in learning, but also enhance their confidence in learning. A virtuous circle can promote him to complete better works. Small and medium-sized friends in our class are introverted and timid, and draw carefully. They often draw with small objects. Once, he was worried about accidentally drawing a circle that was too big. The teacher affirmed the circle he drew in time, praised him greatly and invited other children to visit. This has a great influence on China. Since then, his paintings have made remarkable progress, with large objects and rich colors. More importantly, he has been in China.
(2) Teachers should accurately grasp the psychological characteristics of children's artistic expression at different ages. The development of children's self-experience is a process from junior to senior, from physiological experience to social experience. Children often use these praises and encouragements as motivation for learning. We hold an art exhibition once a week, but the works on display are not necessarily excellent works, but only works that are of progressive significance to children themselves. The exhibition of the works promoted children's self-confidence and sense of honor, and encouraged children's enthusiasm for participating in artistic activities from the side. This kind of enthusiasm can give them endurance and perseverance. Although they are very tired, their mood is happy. Therefore, timely affirmation and praise is an important way to help children establish self-confidence and reflect their self-worth, so that they can initially form emotional qualities of self-esteem, self-confidence and self-improvement.
I found this online, you can refer to it ~ ~ ~