1. In terms of population, the fertility rate in Africa is the highest in the world. According to the latest estimate of the United Nations in 2022, the population of the African continent exceeds1400 million, accounting for about one sixth of the world's total population.

2. Environmental problems. Desertification is the biggest ecological and environmental problem in Africa, and the Sahara desert is still expanding. In the process of oil exploitation in some African oil-producing countries, due to various reasons such as technology and management, crude oil leaked and polluted the surrounding ecological environment.

3. Inadequate infrastructure, backward planting technology, colonial legacy, economic model and other factors work together to cause food security problems in Africa.