classify
higher education
As early as 1985 "the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's Decision on the Reform of Education System", the idea of reforming China's higher education management system was initially put forward. At the beginning of 1990, the country began to explore this work. 1992, seven units including Yangzhou Institute of Technology, Yangzhou Teachers College, Jiangsu Agricultural College, Yangzhou Medical College, Jiangsu Business School, Jiangsu Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Yangzhou Training Center of State Taxation Bureau merged to form Yangzhou University, which marked the beginning of the reform of university management system in China. 1994, 1995 and 1996, the former state education commission held three symposiums on the reform of higher education management system, which standardized five forms of reform formed in practice, namely, co-construction, cooperation, merger, cooperation and transfer. 1July 995 19, the general office of the State Council forwarded the opinions of the state education commission on deepening the reform of higher education system. The Opinions put forward that efforts should be made to reform the management system of higher education. Its goal is to strive for the year 2000 or a little longer, and basically form an institutional framework in which the responsibilities of organizers, managers and school-running personnel are clear, multi-channel funds are mainly allocated by the government, and the central government and the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government are responsible for their respective responsibilities and division of labor, with the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government as the mainstay and organically combined.
Under the correct leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, in line with the reform of government institutions and the transformation of functions, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Finance, the State Planning Commission and other relevant departments have made three major adjustments to the schools affiliated to departments (units) in the State Council, basically solving the problems of the departmental school-running system, and making a historic breakthrough in the reform of the higher education management system. These three adjustments were:1July, 1998, and the institutions affiliated to nine merged departments, including the former Ministry of Machinery Industry, were adjusted; 1999 in the first half of the year, the colleges and universities affiliated to the five major military industrial groups, such as original weapons, aviation, aerospace, shipbuilding and nuclear industry, were adjusted; In the first half of 2000, 49 institutions affiliated to departments (units) in the State Council, such as the Ministry of Railways, were reorganized, some of which were placed under the management of the Ministry of Education or merged with schools affiliated to the Ministry of Education, most of which were jointly established by the central and local governments, with local management as the main focus.
Rural education
The basic idea of the management system reform of rural compulsory education is to change "rural education run by farmers" into "compulsory education run by the government". We can no longer charge the people in the name of running education. On the basis of extensive investigation and study and full pilot, in May of 20001,the State Council made the Decision on the Reform and Development of Basic Education, and held the National Basic Education Work Conference in June, inviting the top leaders of the governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government to come to Beijing to unify their thinking and make arrangements for reforming and perfecting the rural compulsory education management system. The main contents of this reform are: the rural compulsory education is led by the State Council, the local government is responsible, and the management system is graded, with the county as the mainstay. Through the adjustment and improvement of the system, two changes have been realized, that is, schools are mainly funded by the government, and rural compulsory education has changed from township-based to county-based. Only by obtaining the management right of teachers and the payment of teachers' salaries from the county can we control the import, quality and establishment of teachers. When special transfer payments are made to teachers' salaries in poverty-stricken areas and central and western regions, it is necessary to ensure that they are not deducted halfway, and all of them are paid to the county, and the salaries are directly transferred to teachers' bank accounts so that they can receive their salaries on time. The reform of rural compulsory education management system can be said to be a major change in China's education system.
Special needs education
Special education is an important part of the national education system. Compared with the prosperity of general education, special education in China is still in a relatively backward and underdeveloped state. From the perspective of management system, the loose pattern of multi-department running schools is not conducive to the optimization and integration of resources, nor to giving full play to the advantages of general education. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen government behavior and enhance macro-control ability in strategic planning; In the aspect of strategy implementation, the competent function of education department should be highlighted, and centralized integration and unified management should be implemented; In the aspect of operating mechanism, competition and responsibility mechanism are introduced in the existing "public" special education field to develop and cultivate diversified school-running models.
preschool education
I told you that the management system of preschool education is in its infancy, and only some areas are trying this pilot project. Preschool education system includes investment system, school-running system and management system. At present, it is particularly important to speed up the development of preschool education and solve system problems, which is the key to solve preschool education problems. So far, no one in China has conducted a comprehensive analysis and research on the institutional model in the development of preschool education in China. In order to find out how many institutional models exist in the development of preschool education in China, this paper points out several institutional models in China, which provides choices and references for local governments at all levels to vigorously develop preschool education.