Nursing methods of neonatal umbilical region
Nursing work should be divided into two stages, in short, the changes before and after umbilical cord falls off.
Stage 1: Before the umbilical cord falls off.
The umbilical cord is cut to form a wound, which is an important gateway for bacteria to invade newborns. Mild cases can cause omphalitis, and severe cases can cause septicemia and death, so the disinfection and nursing of umbilical cord is very important. Generally, the bandaged gauze should be opened 24 hours after the baby is born to promote the drying and shedding of the umbilical cord stump. When handling the umbilical cord, wash your hands first, then pick up the umbilical cord, gently lift it, disinfect the periphery of the umbilical cord root with a cotton swab with 75% disinfectant alcohol, and wipe off all secretions and blood, 1 ~ 2 times a day to keep the umbilical cord root clean. At the same time, diapers must be changed frequently to avoid urine and feces polluting the navel.
Before the umbilical cord falls off, it should be kept clean and dry, especially diapers should not be covered on the umbilical cord to avoid wetting the umbilical wound after urination. Always check whether there is bleeding outside the bandaged gauze. If there is bleeding, it needs to be ligated again to stop bleeding. If there is no bleeding, wipe the root of umbilical cord with 75% alcohol cotton swab every day and wait for it to fall off naturally.
The second stage: after the umbilical cord falls off.
After the umbilical cord falls off, there is often a small amount of exudate in the umbilical fossa. At this time, the umbilical fossa can be rolled up with 75% alcohol cotton swab, and then covered with sterile gauze. Newborn babies who have just lost their umbilical cord are advised to take a bath instead of wetting their navel. The baby should not go into the water, and the mother wrung half of the gauze and gently rubbed it on the baby. After the wound is completely healed, you can take a bath, but instead of directly putting the baby into the water, you can put a bath bed on the bathtub and let the baby sleep on it to wash. When the baby can sit for 5 or 6 months, it can be washed directly in the water.
In addition, when nursing the umbilical cord of the newborn, we must pay attention to some specific details.
1. Mother must wash her hands when nursing umbilical cord to avoid the bacteria on her hands infecting the baby's navel.
2. When the baby is taking a bath, don't let the umbilical cord get wet to avoid falling off. If you swim for your baby in the newborn stage, be sure to put a waterproof sticker on it.
3. Never use purple potion. Some babies' navel does not fall off for a long time, or the pus is not good after falling off. In order to dry the umbilical cord, some old people have to wipe the baby with purple liquid medicine. This method was often used before, but it is not recommended in medicine now, because the drying effect of purple liquid medicine is limited to the surface, while the drying effect of iodophor is from the inside out.
4. Parents should closely observe whether there is bleeding within 24 hours after umbilical cord ligation. Some newborn babies will have a small amount of oozing blood or oozing blood due to loose umbilical cord ligature. If the gauze covering the umbilical cord is found to be contaminated or soaked by blood, please ask the doctor to disinfect and ligate again immediately.
5. Wipe with an iodophor cotton swab twice a day, once in the morning and once in the evening. When wiping, one hand lifts the small string at the umbilical cord ligation part, and the other hand fully wipes the umbilical cord and meat joint with a cotton swab dipped in iodophor. And bandaged with sterile gauze. Change the dressing regularly in the future. If the cotton swab is dirty, it should be replaced in time. Don't wipe it repeatedly with a dirty cotton swab, it will be infected and inflamed.
6. But don't sprinkle "anti-inflammatory powder" on your navel to prevent infection. If there is purulent secretion in the umbilical fossa, the surrounding skin is red, swollen and hot, the child has anorexia, vomiting, fever or body temperature does not rise (the surface temperature of the anus is lower than 35 degrees Celsius), suggesting that there is omphalitis, you should go to the hospital immediately.
Neonatal umbilical abscess
There is yellow water and purulent secretion in the navel of the newborn, so this is omphalitis.
Umbilical purulent (omphalitis) refers to the appearance of mucus and purulent secretion in the umbilical region of the newborn, which smells bad or the skin around the umbilical fossa is red. Mild people have normal body temperature and appetite except umbilical abnormality, while severe people have symptoms such as fever and less milk.
The earliest manifestation of umbilical cord inflammation is that the umbilical cord root is red, or the wound does not heal after falling off, and the umbilical fossa is moist and purulent. After that, the skin around the navel was red and swollen, and there was serous purulent secretion in the umbilical fossa, which smelled bad. The skin around the navel becomes red and swollen, or forms local abscess and septicemia, which will lead to peritonitis and systemic poisoning symptoms. Fever, no breastfeeding, poor spirits, irritability, etc. Umbilical granuloma is formed in chronic omphalitis, a red tumor of KINOMOTO SAKURA, which often has sticky secretions and does not heal for a long time.
After understanding the symptoms of neonatal omphalitis, parents should pay close attention to the baby's health!
Etiology of neonatal omphalitis
Bacterial infection (60%): When the umbilical cord is broken, or after it is broken, it is mostly caused by improper handling when the umbilical cord is broken or after birth. Poor disinfection and improper nursing can easily lead to bacterial contamination and omphalitis. Common pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, followed by hemolytic streptococcus or mixed bacterial infection.
Others (10%): the influence caused by foreign body stimulation and the possibility of omphalitis. After the umbilical cord falls off, the wound is prolonged, moist and oozing, which is the initial symptom of infection, and then the skin around the umbilical cord is red and swollen and spreads to the subcutaneous area. There is purulent secretion at the stump, and the pus stinks. You can also see that the abdominal wall is swollen and shiny, forming cellulitis and subcutaneous gangrene. Chronic inflammation often forms umbilical granuloma, which hinders umbilical wound healing.
Newborn navel oozing blood
Before the baby successfully takes off the umbilical cord, some babies will always encounter some minor problems, such as bleeding, running water, redness and swelling. Mothers should pay attention.
Newborn navel bleeding-mother should first observe whether the baby's navel is red and swollen. If it's just a little oozing blood, it's not a big problem. Sometimes it may be because of the friction of clothes or quilts that the blood scab just knotted on the navel is broken, leading to umbilical bleeding. At this time, parents should take good care of their baby's navel. Clothes and quilts for babies must be soft.
Newborn navel running water-after normal newborn umbilical cord falls off, umbilical fossa is slightly wet or has a little secretion. After washing with alcohol or salt water, it will dry within a week. After the above treatment, the umbilical cord is still running, which is an abnormal phenomenon. You should go to the hospital for timely treatment.
Neonatal umbilical cord redness-In the process of umbilical cord stump shedding, the navel often appears slightly redness around, which is a normal phenomenon in the process of umbilical cord stump shedding, so don't worry. However, if the navel and the surrounding skin become very red, and the skin feels hot when touched by hand, it is likely that the navel is infected. Take the baby to see a doctor in time.
What is the disinfection for newborn navel?
After the newborn is born, the doctor will cut the umbilical cord of the newborn. If the nursing is improper, some umbilical cord problems will appear, such as umbilical cord inflammation and umbilical bleeding, which will pose a threat to the health of newborns. In order to prevent neonatal navel infection, what is the disinfection of neonatal navel? How to disinfect navel?
First of all, be prepared, including a few cotton swabs and a bottle of 75% alcohol. Then wash your hands thoroughly. Before feeding the baby, be sure to rub the soap from the wrist to the fingertip for about 20 seconds to achieve the sterilization effect.
Take a cotton swab, dip it in 75% alcohol (if it is completely soaked, the effect is better), pull up the baby's umbilical cord by hand to expose the root (pulling up the baby's umbilical cord often can accelerate the fracture), then wipe it from the root to the top in turn, and finally apply it to the skin around the umbilical cord.
Disinfect twice in the same way.
If the baby's navel is dry and in good condition, you can put on diapers after completing the first three steps. However, if the baby's navel is infected, there is a bad smell or unknown secretion, it is necessary to find a doctor for treatment.