First, the book is elegant.

Su Shi, whose name is Zi Zhan, is Dongpo Jushi. Meishan, Meizhou (now meishan county, Sichuan). Shi Mao, who was born in the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty (six o'clock in the morning), was born in a scholarly family on December 19th, the third year of Injong. His father, Su Xun, was a famous writer. He was very interested in the imperial examination, but his talent was not satisfied. Su Shi's father, Su Xun, has never been a decent official in his life. He is also one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties and a great essayist in Northern Song Dynasty.

Su Xun is very strict with his two sons. His father, Su Xun, taught Su Shi by example, which not only accepted the formal and good influence of culture and art, but also endowed him with the excellent spirit of being informal and pioneering. At the same time, the education of mother Shi Cheng is also very important to Su Shi's growth. Su Shi spent his childhood in Taoist temple private school. He studied in Tianqingguan private school for three years. Because Su Shi was gifted since he was a child, his mother taught him the Book of the Later Han Dynasty when he was ten years old, and he made great progress under his mother's guidance.

young and frivolous

Su Dongpo read some books when he was a teenager, and was often praised by teachers for his cleverness. Quite conceited, I posted a couplet at my door: "Know the words of the world and read the books of the world." After a white-haired old woman visited Su Shi with a profound ancient book, Su Shi didn't know the words in the book. The old woman took this opportunity to gently criticize Su Shi, so Su Shi changed the couplet to "I know all the words in the world and am determined to read all the books in the world" to encourage myself. From then on, it is better to talk about it.

Second, we should try to talk to the first.

In the first year of Jiayou (1056), Su Shi, who was 2 1 year old, left Sichuan for Beijing for the first time to take the imperial examination of the imperial court. The following year, he took the examination of the Ministry of Rites and won the appreciation of Ouyang Xiu, the examiner, with an article on loyalty to punishment. However, Ouyang Xiu mistakenly thought that it was written by disciple Ceng Gong. In order to avoid suspicion, he had to come second.

In the sixth year of Jiayou (106 1 year), Su Shi took the Chinese secondary school exam, which is usually called the "three-year Beijing Examination", and got the third grade of "the first in a hundred years", and was awarded the qualification of judging and signing books by judges in Fengxiang Prefecture of Dali. Later, his father died in Bianjing, and Ding returned to his hometown. In the second year of Xining (1069), he returned to the DPRK after his term of office, and he was still appointed. When he entered the DPRK as an official, it was the time when the political crisis in the Northern Song Dynasty began to appear, and the crisis was hidden behind the prosperity. At this time, Zongshen acceded to the throne and appointed Wang Anshi to support the political reform. Many of Su Shi's teachers and friends, including Ouyang Xiu, who admired him at the beginning, were forced to leave Beijing because they disagreed with the new Prime Minister Wang Anshi's implementation of the new law. The old rain in the ruling and opposition parties faded away, and what Su Shi saw in his eyes was no longer the "peaceful and prosperous times" he saw at the age of twenty.

Third, appoint Fengxiang.

On November 19th, 6th year of Jiayou, Su Shi was appointed as the judge of Fengxiang House, leaving his father and brother behind. Su Zhe sent him all the way to Zhengxinmen, the outer city of Kyoto, to say goodbye to his brother.

During my term of office, floods and droughts were handled well. However, due to the fatigue of work and the struggle of officialdom, Su Shi gradually felt extremely worried. Finally, in the winter of the second year of Yingzong Zhiping (1065), Fengxiang's term expired, and Su Shi couldn't wait to get back to Kaifeng, the capital where his father and brother lived. Unexpectedly, his wife died the next year, and his father died less than a year later. With a heavy heart, Su Shi shipped the coffins of his father and wife back to Meishan, his hometown.

Fourth, Wang Anshi's political reform

In the first year of Xining, Su Shi, who served his father's funeral, left his hometown accompanied by his successor Wang and became a supervisory court in the second year.

At this time, in order to rebuild the national finance facing difficulties, Song Shenzong appointed Wang Anshi as prime minister and implemented the new law. Su Shi was excluded because of his different political thoughts. In the fourth year of Xining (A.D. 107 1), Su Shi, who was 36 years old, was defeated and forced to transfer to Hangzhou (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang), feeling a little sad and depressed. After Su Shi finished his official duties, he played around whenever he had time to solve his worries. I made many intimate friends and wrote many excellent poems. Such as the famous Rain after Drinking, Chu Qing on the Lake, Drunken Book of Wanghulou on June 27th, etc. On the contrary, political frustration prompted Dongpo to experience a richer life and open up a broader literary field.

In the seventh year of Xining (1074), due to the proximity to Jinan where Su Zhe worked, Su Shi took the initiative to transfer to Mizhou (now Zhucheng County, Shandong Province). He also created many well-known literary masterpieces in Mizhou, such as Transcendental Platform, Mid-Autumn Mink Head-Travel with Children, and Hunting in Jiangcheng, Mizhou.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Wutai Poetry Case

Later, Su Shi was transferred to Xuzhou (now Tongshan County, Jiangsu Province) and Huzhou (now Xing Wu County, Zhejiang Province). In the second year of Yuanfeng (AD 1079), one day in the third month of his transfer to Huzhou, an imperial envoy arrested Su Shi to please Wang Anshi, accused him of slandering the imperial court, and asked the emperor to order judicial officials to convict him. Soon Su Shi was sent to prison, which is the famous "Wutai Poetry Case".

This case caused a sensation. In addition to people in Huguang and Hangzhou, monks were asked to recite the scriptures and pray for him. Many officials who appreciated him gave their lives to save him. In addition, Cao, who loves literature and is sick, intercedes for him. In the end, he was only sentenced to "ridicule politics." After receiving a gift from the emperor, he was sentenced to exile in Huangzhou to avoid death.

Su Shi, frustrated in officialdom, came to Hubei with his family, facing the exile life without money, house and food. How will Su Shi get rid of embarrassment and predicament? Huangzhou, a small town near the Yangtze River, is the low point of Su Shi's career, but it has become the holy land of Su Shi's literary creation. After walking out of the gloom of the soul, Su Shi recited Niannujiao Nostalgia at Chibi, near the Yangtze River, which became a monument in the history of China literature.

Sixth, release Huangzhou

In the third year of Yuanfeng (A.D. 1080), Su Shi was demoted as the assistant envoy of Huangzhou Yingyong. When I first arrived in Huangzhou, food, clothing, housing and transportation became a problem. Later, self-reliance and land reclamation. Look for happiness in a dull life, and move forward firmly on the difficult and optimistic bumpy road of life. A year later, Su Shi built a study next to Dongpo and named it "Dongpo Tang Xue", hence the name "Dongpo Jushi". This article has expanded in both ideas and themes. Such as Qian Chibi Fu, Nian Nujiao-nostalgia Chibi Fu, Hou Chibi Fu, etc. At this time, Su Shi's literary and artistic attainments have reached a high level!

In the seventh year of Yuanfeng, Zongshen ordered Su Shi to leave Huangzhou and changed Ruzhou (now runan county, Henan) to Ying Yongzhu. I met Wang Anshi on my trip. Despite their different political backgrounds, they talked very speculatively. Wang Anshi spoke highly of him.

When Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou, there was a famous jingle in Pork Fu: "Huangzhou is a good pork, but the price is worthless. The rich refuse to eat, and the poor don't know how to cook. Slow down the fire, less water, and it will look good when the fire is full. Get up and play a bowl every day, and you are too full to care. " Here, "slow fire, less water, good-looking after enough fire" is the famous Dongpo meat cooking method. Su Dongpo was later appointed governor of Hangzhou and was deeply loved by the people. And this "Dongpo Meat" followed closely, and became famous in Hangzhou, becoming a famous local dish.

Seven, Yuan You has changed.

In the seventh year of Yuanfeng, Su Shi regained his reputation and was appointed as the governor of Dengzhou (now Penglai County, Shandong Province). In less than ten days, he was called by the court to be a doctor of rites. In February 65438, he was transferred back to Kaifeng, Kyoto, and served as the owner.

In March of the eighth year of Yuanfeng (A.D. 1085), Zongshen died, and Zhezong, aged 10, ascended the throne, gradually abolishing the new law. The new school was excluded. The former minister returned to power. Historians call it "the modernization of Yuan You".

In the first year of Yuan You (1086), Su Shi was promoted to China Calligraphy Officer, Hanlin Bachelor, Imperial edict Officer, and assistant civil servant. But at this time, Su Shi had no interest in being an official. His understanding of Wang Anshi and the new law made him have reservations about the new law. Conservatives said that he was Wang Anshi's new law school. If the new school doesn't regard him as one of its own, Dongpo will become a figure in the cracks.

In the fourth year of Yuan You, Su Shi got rid of factional disputes, so he was asked to be transferred to the governor of Hangzhou. When Su Shi was governor, he built the West Lake Su Causeway.

In six years, Yuan You was called a bachelor of Hanlin and served as an attendant, but was rejected. Within a few months, he was transferred to the governor of Yingzhou (now Fuyang City, Anhui Province). After leaving the imperial court, he was transferred to the governor of Yangzhou (Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province) the following year.

In September of the seventh year of Yuan You (A.D. 1092), Su Shi was recalled to the imperial court and became the minister of war. In November, he was promoted to Shangshu of the Ministry of Rites, which is Su Shi's highest political position.

Eight, thousands of miles south.

After he was promoted to a high position, he was attacked by more and more parties. The unhappy Su Shi asked to be transferred to Jiangnan, but was not approved. The king's stepwife died again.

In September of eight years, Yuan You became the secretariat of Dingzhou (now Dingxian County, Hebei Province). In the same month, Empress Dowager Gao died of illness. Yuan You's modernization is over. 18-year-old Zhezong began to lead the government and re-implement the new law.

Shao Shengyuan (AD 1094) In April, 59-year-old Su Shi was accused of slandering the imperial court and was demoted as the governor of Yingzhou (Yingde County, Guangdong Province). In June, he was on his way to Yingzhou (not yet! ) and was ordered to exile in Huizhou (now Huizhou City, Guangdong Province). During his two years in Huizhou, Su Shi lived in distress. Sometimes he doesn't even have rice for brewing, so he has to grow his own vegetables. However, Su Shi has long been used to suffering in his life. I took it in stride and slept soundly.

The traitor of the imperial court still refused to give up, and Su Shi was exiled to Danzhou, which has been called the end of the world since ancient times. In Danzhou, Su Shi was penniless. While reading, he read his favorite poems, Liu Shi and Shi Tao (he only brought these two books), and also made poems to amuse himself. Making friends with ordinary people, although life is miserable, Su Shi, who has profound characteristics and connotations, is still free and easy and enjoys himself.

Nine, the eternal poet's heart

In the first month of Fu Yuan's third year (A.D. 1 100), Zhezong died and Hui Zong acceded to the throne. In May, Su Shi was pardoned for exile abroad. At this time, all nine members of Su Shi's family died! However, at this time, Su Shi was terminally ill because of the hardships of his journey.

In June of the first year of Guo Jing in Zhong Jian (A.D.11), Su Shi died of illness in Changzhou (Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province) and took up an official position. On July 28th, Su Shi passed away.

Dongpo impression

Su Shi was a great scholar after Ouyang Xiu in Song Dynasty. Compared with Li Bai, he is less rebellious and more forbearing and peaceful. Compared with Du Fu, he is less sad and more optimistic. This is closely related to his experience. His life left a deep impression on us.

The first is his appearance. Su Xiaomei once made fun of him: "Last year, a tear of acacia didn't reach his cheek." Of course, this is an exaggeration. In fact, Su Shi's appearance has four characteristics: tall; Sparse eyebrows and long eyes; High cheekbones and thin cheeks; The beard is sparse.

Secondly, in the impression of his friends, Su Shi was most exposed to literati. At that time, intellectuals in the Northern Song Dynasty often played some elegant jokes with their knowledge. So is Su Dongpo. Some funny stories he tells are often regarded as jokes after dinner. This is a clever and happy game. He combined his profound knowledge with the ease and wisdom of life. I think this is also his personal charm.

Thirdly, Su Shi's paintings and calligraphy enjoyed a high reputation in the Northern Song Dynasty. His calligraphy ranks first among the four great calligraphers in the Northern Song Dynasty. People want to get his calligraphy works, especially a military commander named Lin Yao, who traded a leg of lamb for one of his works, which shows his high attainments. Su Shi's paintings are also famous. He loves painting bamboo and turquoise, which shows his character. He emphasizes authenticity in his paintings, so he also observes life very carefully.

Fourth, the impression of mentoring. Su Shi is a celebrity, and his proteges are naturally numerous. The famous ones are Huang Tingjian and Qin Guan. He and his disciples are both teachers and friends, so his disciples often joke with him and even make comments in person. Even though he suffered, none of his disciples betrayed him.

Finally, his personality impression. He gave full play to his talents in literature, history, philosophy and art. He set the standard of personality spirit, and he also set a model of personality, which is the most important thing. His personality has a far-reaching influence on later generations.

XI。 Su Shi's death

Su Shi experienced great changes in his later years. Song Zhezong is a narrow-minded person, and Su Shi knows this well. At the same time, he hated court disputes, so he volunteered to be a local official. But even so, Su Shi did not escape the disaster. After the death of Empress Dowager Gao, Song Zhezong came to power. He advocated change, so the old party officials with Su Shi as the key figure were successively demoted, and Su Shi was reduced from a three-grade official to a nine-grade sesame official, and was transferred to Hainan.

The living conditions in Hainan are very poor. No meat to eat, no medicine to eat, no place to live, no friends to go out. Such conditions are too hard for Su Shi, who is already in his sixties and weak. But living in Hainan for so long is not the real reason for Su Shi's death. He has his own way of adjusting. But was recalled five years later, and he chose Changzhou as his final resting place. The adaptability of the ships along the way dropped sharply, so he died of illness soon after he settled down.

Su Shi has great enthusiasm for real life. He never pinned his ideals on illusory fantasies, so this is also the fundamental reason why he was born into the WTO. He died on July 28th,11,but he will always occupy a place in China's poetry and cultural history.

Twelve. Su Shi's poems

Most of his poems are devoted to expressing personal feelings and praising natural scenery. His poems, such as Seeing the Land and Knowing Weizhou with Teenagers, Rainstorm in Youmeitang and Rain after Drinking Chuqing in the Lake, are rich in imagination, magnificent, fresh and beautiful, which can best represent Su Shi's artistic achievements. His poems expressing his views on things, such as Tixilinbi, are considered to best reflect the rational characteristics of Song poetry. Poetry is rich, fresh and interesting through artistic images. Su Shi's poems, such as Wang Wei's Wu Daozi Painting, Reading Meng Jiao Poems, and Shu Wang's Main Book Painting Folding Branches, show his poetic style and comments, and are also regarded as the symbol of the new height of Northern Song culture.

Su Shi's ci is more artistic and creative than his poems. He broke through the stereotype of the joys and sorrows of men and women in the past, and incorporated poetic materials such as mourning, nostalgia, traveling and reasoning into the expression range of Ci, giving Ci a deeper and broader artistic conception, changing the graceful style of pronouns in the late Tang Dynasty and creating the unrestrained school of Ci.

"Water Turning" and "Niannujiao" have always been regarded as the works that can best represent the style of Su Ci. The former word, from the loneliness and desolation of fantasy paradise, has become eternal love on earth. The latter expresses the poet's great ambition through the spectacular scene of the former site of Chibi and the heroism of the ancients. These two poems were written by the author when he was frustrated. The low tone of "Life is like a dream" can't help but be heard from time to time, but after all, it can't hide the high notes of Su Ci's passionate and free-spirited and grand main chord rhythm.

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