I know that the above questions may not always be answered, but as members of the language community, we have no face and cannot avoid it. Here, I will teach you how to express my feelings and experiences without being rude.
1. Is Chinese still valuable without "spiritual thinking"? -also on the difference between "living by the world" and "people-oriented"
In the 1930s, when people's livelihood was depressed and there was no food to eat, they still held the editorial purpose of "giving priority to thoughts", "having true spirit" and "taking only spiritual thoughts". Pupils can still write with their own spiritual thoughts, and they are still pursuing their persistent ideals, ambitions and beliefs. Their words are still full of vigor, spirit and heroism, but they are still alive and well.
What is equally touching is that when the "literary revolution" is in the ascendant and the vernacular education is in the transition period, the editor of this book can "never distinguish the old from the new" regardless of the style of writing or classical Chinese. What tolerance is there now?
Indeed, today's students can't compare with the beauty and rhetoric of the articles selected in this book. However, the most valuable thing is the "spiritual thought", which is the founder, vigorous and vigorous personality that we have long lost, and the natural, fresh and heroic "literary spirit". After reading the book, you will still feel the childlike innocence, freshness and warmth of life, and see the sincere, sincere and lively childlike innocence that is rare today.
Seeing these "true" qualities and the word "true", and thinking about the composition of students who are insincere, flashy and moaning, it really makes people want to cry. You will certainly feel the contemptible and hateful language education today, and the contemptible and hateful language teachers. This is by no means a joke that "the world is getting worse and people are not old" can be perfunctory.
Since the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, as a reaction to the imperial examination education, it has turned from being an official to providing cultural relief for civilians. The orientation of education in China is "making a living to help the world" and "public and private utility". After that, people may have different interpretations of "practicality", but the understanding of "meeting the needs of the world" is common.
Please note that the "life" of "coping with life" mentioned by modern educators in China mainly refers to "material life" rather than "spiritual life". This is the essence of the problem. If you go along this road, you will naturally move towards "examination-oriented", "utility" and "being a man" (fame and fortune, being an official). People will become "material people"-nonhuman. Today, the prosperity of exam-oriented education and exam-oriented writing, and the exhaustion of students' "spiritual thoughts" are the necessity of implementing "life education" and "pragmatism". The history of modern education in China seems to have entered a strange circle, starting with the anti-imperial examination and finally taking the exam. But also in the "utilitarian" intensified.
Second, what is the highest presentation of "Chinese achievement"-the distinction between "writing standard" and "reading standard"
The original example: "One? The bureau requires the language scores of schools across the country for students to observe. " I wonder if you are surprised that "Chinese achievement" refers to students' excellent compositions? Because it is very different from our semantics today.
Our Chinese scores today generally refer to the "scores" on a Chinese test paper. As far as the content of the test paper is concerned, it is mainly not a composition, but a bunch of messy test questions based on "reading" and "language foundation" This involves the question of what is the real "China achievement". -Is it writing ability or reading ability?
In my opinion, the example tells the simplest truth of Chinese education: "Chinese achievement" is "composition achievement". The achievement of Chinese studies does not depend on the level of writing, but also on what? In fact, it's as simple as that: writing level is the comprehensive presentation and the highest presentation of Chinese level. Writing literacy is the ultimate goal of Chinese education. What language proficiency (comprehensive literacy) can't be tested after taking several essays of various genres?
The ideological deviation of the Chinese language circle began in the first half of last century. Its representative is Mr. Ye Shengtao. Lv Shuxiang's "reading independence teleology", the emergence of reading comprehension questions.
Thirdly, we should learn to write "true style" or "false style"-distinguish between "true style" and "teaching style"
"Example" said: "This book is divided into twenty categories. ..... Although there are only one or two articles in each category, it is still not a category, and there is no difference on the printing press. " The Book of Examples says that "this book is divided into twenty categories", but I don't know why there are only 19 categories: theory, classics, history, events, miscellaneous sayings, explanations, answers, feelings, gifts, books, calligraphy, biographies, miscellaneous notes, parody and so on. But from this perspective, I am also amazed at the completeness, truth and incisiveness of the style. -there are so many styles, but none of them are "argumentative essays" written by students now.
This is classified according to the "actual style", not according to the "teaching style" (narrative, expository, argumentative and practical) used today. We haven't seen such a stylistic classification for a long time. The classification of this book reflects the original appearance of writing teaching and students' writing practice at that time. At that time, students actually wrote "real body"-"real body", which is really a luxury today. The names of most styles here are unheard of by teachers and students who deal with exam-oriented writing teaching! Do today's students have the freedom to write classics, history, essays, answers and narratives, parody, mourning, praise, praise inscriptions and poems? In other words, have you ever enjoyed expressing your happiness and happiness?
4. Do you want "literature" if you don't train writers? -the difference between "applied writing" and "literary writing"
5. What is the reason why this book focuses on "discussion"-the difference between "general writing ability" and "writing ability"
This involves the meaning of "universal ability" and "power" in writing. Common ability is the common writing ability and talent necessary for people; Power is an individual's specialized writing ability and talent. It can be considered that the designer of the imperial examination and the editor of this book have considered and confirmed this point: the common ability is "argumentative writing"
In my opinion, narrative writing, which once made the greatest efforts in writing teaching in primary and secondary schools, makes the style of "narration" and "lyricism" that we are talking about today less important. Because it doesn't say "omnipotent" but "strength",
What is the validity of intransitive verb writing evaluation? -the difference between "the content of thoughts and feelings is the most important" and "the form of language is the most important"
After reading this book, everyone will be interested in comments. These comments, for today's Chinese teachers who only know how to speak deeply, have a rigorous structure and are fluent in language, seem to be a thing of a lifetime ago. It's a completely different set of words, words that everyone feels strange and distant, and words that are worth pondering and thinking about. It can also be seen that the focus of evaluation is mostly on "spiritual thought", that is, content evaluation.
However, today's college entrance examination composition decomposition evaluation model evaluates "meaning" (thoughts and materials) and "speech" (structure and language) respectively, emphasizing "text" while ignoring "quality", which seems to be scientific and accurate, but actually deviates from the universal law of "text is based on meaning", thus giving birth to "cliches", "lies" and "empty words" Without good moral cultivation and lofty and profound spiritual thoughts, writing becomes a word game, and articles are equivalent to word garbage.
Does the so-called "three elements of argumentative writing" advocate spiritual and creative thinking or stifle the originality of thinking? The deviation between the concept and practice of education and evaluation is really hard to blame. Paying attention to education and evaluation is tantamount to killing language life and spiritual life.
Seven. How is the Thought of "Spirit of Nature" Refined —— The difference between "the article of virtue and learning" and "the article of chapters and sentences"
In theory, we should have philosophical cultivation; To talk about classics, we should be familiar with classics and accumulate knowledge; On history, we should read history books and be familiar with historical materials and facts; On things, we must understand society, people's feelings and personnel; Miscellaneous talks should be widely listened to and learned, and miscellaneous studies should be collected; Explain, answer and explain, and express feelings, etc. It goes without saying that students nowadays lack writing ability, but what they lack more is virtue and knowledge. If you read too few books, you will lack virtue, ideological edification and rich cognitive background, and the article will become superficial, pale and powerless, not to mention "spiritual thoughts."
Under the thinking of "instrumentalization", with the goal of "clear pronunciation and mellow voice" and "training as the main line", we can only write "clear pronunciation and mellow voice" at best. Even so, it is still difficult. Because, in the final analysis, the problem of writing is also a problem of emotion, thought and thinking. Without the connotation of feelings and the precision, rigor and agility of thinking, it is impossible to have a good writing style. It is a misunderstanding to think that real writing ability can be trained. This is why after more than ten years of "training", most students still can't write.
"zork thought is taking", so where did "Lingsi" come from? I believe that spiritual thoughts are not "trained" but "cultivated".
Speech articles refer to those articles that are flashy and have nothing to say. It is despised by the traditional literati in China, but it is exactly what we admire today. Many Chinese teachers and scholars look at the problem this way: how can we talk about "spiritual thoughts" if we can't understand words? People think that the purpose of education in China is to enable students to master language and writing, and to have "good articles" independent of "spiritual thoughts". I think students can read books, newspapers and screens, and write practical articles, such as notes, reports, letters and summaries. There is no "person" in the eyes, and China's education is instrumental, standardized, modular and practical. Turn students into mindless test-taking machines. Cooking "coping with life" on the walking dead. Take the law and you will get it naturally. Taking the method of "writing by words and chapters" naturally leads to "a knot in one's heart" and "an old abusive article"
Confucius said, "Those who have virtue must have words, and those who have words need not have virtue." It is believed that a person's first priority is to cultivate inner cultivation of Tao, morality, benevolence, righteousness and learning; In terms of speech performance, people with noble moral character naturally have beautiful speech, while those who are eloquent may not have noble moral character. What matters is not whether there is a word, but whether there is a virtue. Cheng Yi, a scholar in the Song Dynasty, said, "The ancient scholar was Xiu De. It is natural for a virtuous person to speak without learning. " "Learning is Xiu De, and virtue is followed by words." Liao Weiweng, a Song Dynasty poet, put it more concretely: "I only admire ancient people, praise virtue and morality, and never learn from words." Today's elegant folk songs, from the upper class to the doctor, from the lower class to the boudoir, are often inferior to those who are famous for their literati in later generations. Galilee has been immersed for a long time, and her words are inexhaustible. It is silence, but words are based on family ties and are related to the world. Later generations began to learn from children, that is, to draw sentences with subordinate words, but after a long time, it is not enough to be slightly separated from the ancient region. If you are far away from the original benefits, you can distinguish the strangeness of the chapter more than the rhyme. Businessmen's work is clumsy and the censorship system is complete. You flatter yourself that you are poor, but it doesn't matter what you get from it, what you lack. "The above are all explanations of Confucius' view of article writing. They all attached great importance to Xiu De, advocated practicing "morality and morality", opposed and criticized "philology", and thought that "Xiu De" was the foundation and "subordinate calligraphy and painting sentences" was the purpose, which made the truth extremely thorough.
Tied with "virtue" is "Tao". "Virtue" refers to people's inner cultivation, and "Tao" refers to people's world outlook, understanding of nature and the world, and understanding of the laws of objective things. The two are unified, blended and mutually causal.
It can be seen that learning is as important as Xiu De. "Learning" is the basis of "understanding Xiu De" and the source of "articles". Therefore, Zhu said: "Sages teach people to read, not to make people compose and write words, but to be a famous scholar." It must be learning, sincerity, self-cultivation, and even governing the country can rule the world. This is orthodox learning. Zhang Xuecheng, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty, also said: "Anyone who makes a speech will gain something before he can learn, otherwise the six classics and three histories are all in his ears and his situation is not as good as his. "A scholar who has learned something can't generalize, because his frankness and simplicity make his literary environment endless and can be the basis for future gains." -Knowledge and understanding are the two cornerstones of the birth and occurrence of Lingsi. Good articles and poems are not "practiced" or written, but come naturally. The cultivation of virtue and the intensive study of knowledge by later scholars have become the sustenance of life. Pursuing "moral articles" is the ideal and hope of scholars all their lives; Pursuing "learning articles" is the bottom line of a scholar's life and career.
If you don't understand this, you will stick to exam-oriented education, haggle over scores, and ignore "spiritual thought"-education and Chinese education. Are teachers and Chinese teachers still valuable and meaningful?
Attached are three compositions of senior high school students in the Republic of China.
1, don't be afraid to change your mind.
The eclipse of the sun and the moon darkens its light; But there are more moments, and it doesn't damage its brightness. A gentleman is guilty when he is wrong; However, it will change in an instant, and it will not damage its virtue. So Confucius said, "Don't be afraid of change if you go too far." Guy encouraged future generations not to be afraid to mend their ways. And ancient sages, make mistakes? However, a pawn does not harm him as a gentleman, but can change. A husband's careless mistake is a mistake. If he has made it and can't change it, it will flow into intentional evil. Is it a big violation of cultivation? Therefore, if scholars have had it, they must change it quickly; If you go too far, you will change, but if you go too far, you are not a gentleman. If you know that something is wrong with it and don't change it, then you are in a villain's territory, even though you have a gift for beauty. Isn't there a big difference for a changed gentleman? Besides, my husband's parents gave me a body, and heaven and earth gave me a spirit. If I am not a saint, I must be a gentleman. But, sages, what is the result of the fruit movement? My husband also said "Better late than never". Don't look at ancient gentlemen? Such as Yan Zi's learning, is understandable; However, once you know it, you must change it, so it is called "not passing the customs". When Fan Wenzheng was a scholar, there was nothing wrong with him. However, what has happened must be changed, so it is called a "saint". Passers-by are happy to tell you that they have. Ceng Zi saves himself three times a day. Isn't this a model of reform? If today's students want to be gentlemen, they must not be afraid to mend their ways.
2. Commemoration of national humiliation on May 9th.
Chuan said, "If you are ashamed of the living, you will die." Everyone is like this, let alone the country? This is a great pain because of the shame of the country. In the past century, China's diplomacy has failed and national humiliation has occurred frequently. If it is Wu Jia, if it is boxer, if it is May 9th, four years of the Republic of China, it will be a national humiliation. Therefore, 400 trillion people in China, including Yuan Yin and Zhong Ni, are slaves, all slaves, and all horses are exchanged for cattle, so they live by stealing their lives. Alas! Although several battles in the late Qing Dynasty were defeated by the war, they were all forced by the situation. As for the national humiliation of May 9th, why bother? When China was alone in the European War, the Japanese threatened to set up Article 2 1 with its ambitious policy, which was shocking enough. However, it was forced by the military finances to admit it with humiliation. In this European war, husbands fight for justice, not aggression. That country claims to be a civilized country, but what it did on May 9th is far from justice. Weak countries have no diplomacy, well said. But the gain and loss of diplomacy is a common thing to consolidate the country, and the most painful thing is to forget shame. Cold-blooded animals in the world stab them without knowing the pain; People only care about the dead, but they are shameless. Is there anyone in the Republic who is ashamed of this great shame? Therefore, those who commemorate national humiliation should not forget the significance of national humiliation. In the past, Gou Jian was humiliated at the meeting and died in the swamp; Han Xin was shocked by the humiliation of his legs, but he prospered. Since our people have been insulted, they must swear to avenge this humiliation; Otherwise, so are people who are sincere slaves and cold-blooded animals. Fortunately for today, the Qingdao issue has aroused national indignation; Refuse to use Japanese goods and advocate domestic products; The United States convened another Pacific conference to solve the Far East problem. At the invitation of the American government, our country will send a special envoy to attend. And the business community also elected representatives to join in, as a shield for the government, seeking Sang Yu's remedy. This good phenomenon is also caused by the commemoration of national humiliation. We shouldn't make sad remarks to stimulate our compatriots. If we wish, we hope our people will do it actively, but fortunately, we should not give people five points of enthusiasm. There are still many articles about the disadvantages of the times and people's livelihood, and it is hard to imagine that they are the knowledge of primary school students. )
Step 3 talk about flies
There is a bug whose head is red and its body is pale. It has six feet and two wings. This is a famous fly. Where honey is sweet, the group tends to it; A dirty place is attached to this group. Its nature is despicable and ugly, so it likes scabies and hemorrhoids; Its ambition is humble and small, and it is attached to goodness. In droves, the camp is complacent and lifelike. It is also its duty to spread poisons and diseases; It is also a virtue that rotten things breed maggots. Wherever you go, you will attract friends, attract friends, be complacent, drive away, and leave again, confusing people's hearing and confusing people's minds. Little fly, what did you do? What are your virtues? Dare to live in the palace, pollute the people's food, be scolded without warning, and be expelled without regret. It's called pests. It's good to have them. The elegance of my husband's bees and butterflies, the nobility of cicadas and fireflies, the diligence of ants and the bravery of crickets all have their own advantages, while flies are unskilled, poisonous and greedy. They only care about the present and don't know what will happen in the future. Once you fall into the honey pot, you accidentally touch the spider web and die. It's a pity, but it's also a pity. Now people who covet help are thieves of society and victims of the country, in view of this!