Each chapter of physiology is basically a relatively independent system, which summarizes the physiological functions of all human systems and can be divided into four parts according to the closely related systems of the human body:
The first part is transport nutrition, including the basic functions of cells, cardiovascular system and blood, which mainly nourishes various organs of the human body through blood circulation.
1. Basic functions of cells: Four modes of transportation must be mastered. In bioelectricity, we should know the concepts and characteristics of resting potential and action potential, and know how the potential changes. To understand the five-stage characteristics of excitability and the relationship among threshold, threshold potential and action potential. The contraction function of skeletal muscle needs to understand its mechanism.
2. Blood: The composition of blood and related concepts must be remembered, which is the basis of learning blood. Blood cells focus on mastering the physiology of red blood cells and medical education | net editing and finishing to understand the physiological functions of white blood cells and platelets. Coagulation, anticoagulation and fibrinolysis mainly depend on understanding, and blood type and agglutination reaction must be mastered.
3. Blood circulation: the evaluation index of heart pumping function should know its concept. According to the conventional memory method, the process of cardiac cycle is relatively simple. The bioelectricity of myocardium can be compared with that of cell learning and memory, and their mechanisms are similar. Understand the meaning of arterial pressure and venous pressure, understand their influencing factors and three kinds of microcirculation pathways. Familiarity with the formation and influencing factors of interstitial fluid is helpful to understand edema. In the regulation of cardiovascular activities, we must master the regulation of vagus nerve and sympathetic nerve, two baroreceptors and renin-angiotensin system.
The second part is to absorb energy, get oxygen through breathing, convert external energy into self-use through digestion and absorption, and finally excrete metabolites through urine.
1. Breathing: Understand the principle of lung ventilation, know that the intrapulmonary pressure at the end of inspiration and expiration is equal to atmospheric pressure, understand and master the elastic resistance and compliance medical education | net editing and finishing, the concepts of basic lung volume and lung volume must be mastered. Be familiar with the process of gas transportation in blood and master the main points. The adjustment of breathing movement must be mastered.
2. Digestion and absorption: It is necessary to master the absorption of various substances by the stomach, small intestine and large intestine, as well as the main functions of saliva, gastric juice, pancreatic juice and bile. Other contents that should be familiar with.
3. Energy metabolism and body temperature: Understand the basal metabolic rate and factors affecting metabolism, and master four ways of heat dissipation and body temperature regulation.
4. Generation and excretion of urine: To understand the role of glomerular filtration and renal tubular reabsorption, the basic concepts involved should be clear, with emphasis on the regulation of urine production. Know the significance of plasma clearance rate.
The third part is the nervous system and endocrine function.
1. Nervous system function: The nervous system is complex and needs more reading and understanding. Several key points must be remembered: comparison of conditioned reflex and unconditioned reflex, positive feedback and negative feedback, medical education of specific projection system and nonspecific system | network editing and finishing, visceral pain and related pain, tendon reflex and muscle tension, main functions of three functional areas of cerebellum, and dysfunction of four language activities.
2. Endocrine function: master the functions of growth hormone, thyroid hormone, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin adrenal glucocorticoid and insulin.
The fourth part is reproduction, from the perspective of men and women.
It is necessary to know the physiological functions and peak secretion of testosterone, estrogen and progesterone.
Physiology is a basic subject, which is closely related to clinical medicine. Physiology is actually not too difficult. The most important thing to learn physiology well is to understand memory, avoid rote memorization and pay attention to the context. Physiology is not difficult to learn because of its regularity. As long as we master its regularity, we can infer the corresponding content and master the relevant changes through regularity.