As an important factor closely related to poverty, there is a close relationship between education and poverty. Studying the relationship between education and poverty will help to better improve the poverty situation in China, promote the development and popularization of education, and contribute to social livelihood and economic progress. The relationship between education and poverty will be discussed below.
I the interaction between education and poverty
Poverty, as an important livelihood issue that puzzles the country's development and progress, has made great efforts to eliminate poverty. Education, as an important factor closely related to poverty, generally speaking, the economic level of areas with higher education level is also better, while the economic development of areas with lower education level is poor, and the proportion of poor people is relatively high. This situation is particularly obvious in many ethnic minority areas, which means that the development of education has a certain relationship with poverty alleviation, and it is also the main manifestation of the transformation of education into poverty alleviation in the new era of knowledge economy. After a deep understanding of the relationship between education backwardness and poverty, it is undoubtedly more targeted to use the promotion and restriction of education to achieve better poverty alleviation. On the basis of improving the cultural quality of the whole people, it can achieve poverty alleviation more reasonably and quickly, thus achieving the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way.
The role of education in improving poverty is mainly based on human capital theory, basic needs theory, human development view and human ability theory. For example, human capital theory attaches importance to education as an important tool to reduce poverty. Education imparts knowledge and production skills to the poor, which increases their hope of getting rid of poverty. Because the spread and transfer of knowledge and production skills constitute human capital, this undoubtedly means that there are more possibilities to improve productivity and increase income, and with the improvement of education, the income level will also increase. As far as the current empirical research results are concerned, compared with other poverty alleviation investments, education has a considerable rate of return and rate of return, and the increase of income will further promote the increase of education demand and the improvement of education level. The basic needs theory regards education as the basic needs of survival and an important part of the basic needs strategy, which is helpful to realize other basic needs and improve the quality of life. After meeting the educational requirements, the productivity and income level will increase in turn, and there is a complementary basic relationship between education and poverty. Therefore, the basic needs theory emphasizes the value of education as a tool and regards it as a necessary means to realize other needs. Even in the basic needs, education is in a high demand position, which is beneficial.
The definition of poverty in the theory of human development is multi-level and diversified, such as mental poverty caused by lack of educational opportunities and material poverty whose survival is threatened. This theory mainly regards the essence of human capital investment in education as a means to reduce poverty. Besides increasing income and wealth, it also plays a more important role in promoting human development. Compared with the first two theories, the theory of human development overemphasizes the economic contribution of individual development and ignores welfare. From this point of view, the deprivation of individual rights itself leads to a kind of poverty in rights, so the deprivation of education is also considered as a concrete manifestation of poverty, so we should measure individual living standards and quality of life according to people's educational situation. The theory of human ability is a related theory developed on the basis of the further development of human development concept, which regards human development as a process of expanding ability. In addition to income poverty, ability poverty is an important manifestation. Once an individual's ability exceeds the poverty line, it will have an instrumental relationship with poverty, low income and low ability. As an important way to improve people's ability, education is an effective measure to reduce and eliminate ability poverty, which means that reducing ability poverty through education investment is an important choice to eliminate poverty.
According to the research results of the empirical model of education and poverty in China, the influence of education quality on poverty is not significant, but the quantity of education is closely related to the deterioration of poverty, and there is a synchronous endogenous relationship between education and poverty. Therefore, to solve the poverty problem, we must give priority to the development of education, get rid of poverty, transform educational resources into human resources, and improve people's ability poverty, so as to fundamentally improve poverty.
Second, the role of education and poverty enlightenment
Ability poverty is one of the important sources of poverty. As an effective way to improve the ability poverty, education is an important measure to solve the poverty problem. Poverty caused by education is mainly manifested in low education rate, high ability status and high dropout rate, which leads to serious consequences such as education excluding the poor over time. All these prove that education poverty is one of the biggest sources of income poverty, which in turn will aggravate education poverty. In view of their complementarity, it is necessary to take education as a tool to achieve the goal of getting rid of poverty and becoming rich. At present, the research on the relationship between education and poverty mainly focuses on improving ability poverty and human resource investment. As an important means of improving tools, education can improve the education level of the population and reduce the proportion of the poor by imparting knowledge and corresponding survival skills, which is also a choice based on the relationship between education and poverty. Combined with the role of micro-level education in improving poverty, the groups with the highest incidence of poverty in China are mainly illiterate and semi-illiterate in rural areas. In other words, such families are more prone to educational poverty, and the weakness of educational investment rights leads to a vicious circle, so the income poverty and ability poverty of such families are almost normal. On the contrary, poverty is extremely rare among well-educated families, especially after the same family is educated, the incidence of poverty varies greatly. The author has been to the rural areas of several poverty-stricken minority counties in Liangshan, and this situation is very obvious.
For the vicious circle of education and poverty, we should emphasize the instrumental role of education in improving poverty, avoid hindering the popularization and promotion of education, and achieve the ideal effect of poverty alleviation. Poverty is not an inseparable whirlpool. At present, many studies have summarized the relationship between education and poverty, and the role and relationship between them are becoming more and more clear. Whether it is the policy of supporting education, the policy of free admission, or giving more educational opportunities to women in poverty-stricken areas, the lack of educational opportunities and the low level of participation in education, as typical influencing factors causing long-term poverty, have attracted enough attention. These are all important ways to get out of the poverty trap, which have a positive impact on increasing employment, raising income level, improving ability poverty and improving the utilization rate of human capital. We should actively promote education to reduce poverty through the combination of formal education and informal education, with the help of the state, vigorously strengthen education investment, actively train a large number of teachers for various regions of China, do a good job in education planning and management in various regions through measures such as decentralization of education development, give full play to the value of educational resources and the role of education as a poverty alleviation tool, and make every effort to solve the poverty problem in many regions of China, improve their viability and income level, eliminate capacity poverty and solve the poverty problem from the root.
Three. Concluding remarks
In a word, there is a close relationship between education and poverty. Using education to invest in human capital and improve ability poverty is helpful to fundamentally solve the poverty problem. Therefore, we should actively explore the interactive relationship between education and poverty, and actively use this role to achieve the goal of precision poverty alleviation and precision poverty alleviation.