Seven deeds of Sun Yat-sen

First, create the earliest revolutionary military academy.

The earliest revolutionary military academy in China was the Castle Peak Military Academy founded by Dr. Sun Yat-sen in August 1903 in Tokyo.

1900, the Zhong Xing Hui revolutionary group led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen launched the Gengzi Hui uprising, and the revolutionary trend gradually spread throughout the country. At that time, many young students from China who went to Japan to study at their own expense hoped to enter the Japanese Army School to study the Army. However, due to the regulations of the Qing government, all students who entered foreign military schools must be walked by provincial governors; Non-public students are not allowed to enter the Japanese military academy. Cai Jun, the Qing government's envoy to Japan, has instructed the Japanese government to assist in the implementation, so ordinary people cannot enter the Japanese military academy. At that time, Dr. Sun Yat-sen was in Tokyo, Japan, and felt that the revolution needed military talents, so he asked Japanese army sergeant Sasuke Hino to help him set up a revolutionary military school in Castle Peak near Tokyo to train young students interested in Japanese revolutionary military work, and hired Japanese army captain Yanjiro as a teaching assistant. This is the first revolutionary military school in China. Kono Kumazo, who was in charge of military training, was a famous military scientist at that time. He invented Japanese box guns and wooden guns. Because he and Dr. Sun Yat-sen studied the guerrilla tactics of the Boyang people in South Africa, they became bosom friends. Kenjiro is also an expert with rich military knowledge. Both of them are voluntary and don't get paid.

The study period of Qingshan Revolutionary Military School is eight months, and the teaching subjects are general military science, African Boya guerrilla tactics, night attack tactics and weapons manufacturing (focusing on making box guns, wooden guns and gunpowder). Its course content includes three aspects: positional warfare, guerrilla warfare and weapons manufacturing. The course is concise and practical. The first enrollment 14 people, including,, Weng Hao,, Rao, Qu Jinjun and Lu Mutai. Students must take an oath publicly when they enter school. What is the oath? Drive out the Tatars, restore China, establish the Republic of China, and equal rights? . It can be seen that the teaching purpose of this revolutionary military academy is very clear.

Due to the lack of effective ideological education measures in Qingshan Revolutionary Military School, when Dr. Sun Yat-sen left Tokyo for Honolulu on September 26th, 1903, there were different opinions among the students. It was dissolved four months after its establishment after the mediation of two teachers, Hino Xiongsan and Kokura Kenjiro, failed.

Although the Qingshan Revolutionary Military Academy was only established for four months, it was still influential in China society at that time. For example, Li Ziwei, a student, founded Guanghan School in Hong Kong with Shi Guyu (Shi Jian's brother is a martyr) shortly after the dissolution of Qingshan Revolutionary Military Academy, and specially added military training courses to boost the martial spirit of China students. Since Guanghan School initiated military training for students in Hong Kong, all schools in Hong Kong have followed suit. Hong Kong Yali College of Western Medicine and famous primary and secondary schools hired students from Li Ziwei and Guanghan schools as military training teachers, which made Hong Kong students once wash away their weak scholar temperament and rejuvenate their martial spirit. Another example is that Qu Jinjun and Lu Mutai served as military instructors in Guangdong, Li Yongxi and Huang Xing planned the Qinzhou Uprising in 1908, and Liu Weitao and Rao served as military attaché s in Guangdong after the Revolution of 1911. Undoubtedly, through their work, they will bring the military knowledge they learned in Qingshan Revolutionary Military Academy to China society to varying degrees.

Second, Nanguan Town personally shelled the Qing army.

From 65438 to 0906, Sun Yat-sen went to Vietnam from Japan, set up a secret organ at 6 1 Jinbitai Street in Hanoi, and planned many armed uprisings. 1907 The battle of Nanguan Town was a battle in which Sun Yat-sen personally went to the front and directly participated in the battle.

1907, Sun Yat-sen appointed Mingtang Huang, who was familiar with the surrounding situation of Zhennanguan, as the governor of Zhennanguan, Li Yuqing (the local chieftain of Pingxiang near Zhennanguan) as the deputy, He Wu as the head of the district, and recruited You Yong, a brave Guangxi, as the pioneer, and planned to take Zhennanguan as the base.

1907 65438+ on February 2nd, Mingtang Huang led more than 80 Guangxi rangers, stormed the south gate of Zhennan along the mountain, and seized three fortresses in Zhennan, Zhenzhong and Zhenbei, with 14 cannons and more than 400 rifles. On the 4th of the same month, Sun Yat-sen led Huang Xing and Hu to visit the soldiers at the front to boost morale. He and Huang Xing and Mingtang Huang sat in the north fort of the town, and sent Li Yuqing to guard the middle fort and the south fort of the town.

The next day, the Qing government ordered more than 4,000 people from the Lu Rongting Department of the Qing army to rush out and recapture three fortresses. Sun Yat-sen led the revolutionary army to hold the fort and personally fired a gun to shell the Qing army. The first shot hit more than sixty people, and the Qing army was in chaos. Dr. Sun Yat-sen said with emotion in the battle. I have opposed the Qing government for more than 20 years, and today I want to shell the Qing army myself. ?

It is reported that the revolutionary army guarding Sanbao in Nanguan Town, inspired by Dr. Sun Yat-sen's visit to the front line, has doubled its spirit and defeated the Qing army repeatedly. Although the Qing government has sent reinforcements from Ding Huai and Long Jiguang of the Qing army, killing and injuring hundreds of people, it is still unable to cross the line. The revolutionary army held its ground and fought bloody battles with the Qing army for seven days and seven nights until the ammunition was exhausted and the food was gone, and then it reluctantly retreated. When the Qing army besieged Nanguan Town on all sides, Mingtang Huang led the army to hide behind the house and rush out. In the middle of the mountain, a young man in the army recalled that the military flag on the battery had not been taken off, fearing the income of the Qing army. Unexpectedly, a man braved the fire of the Qing army to climb the mountain again and retrieve the military flag. The boy bravely took over the heroic deeds of the military flag and was praised as a much-told story in the revolutionary army of Zhennanguan Uprising.

Third, Dr. Sun Yat-sen loves children.

Dr. Sun Yat-sen usually wrote an inscription for Mo Bao. Does he like writing? Love? Two words. Dr. Sun Yat-sen, right? Love? Have made such an explanation:? Kindness is China's good morality. What did the ancients call it? Love people like children? What's the matter? Care about the people? . ? You can see Dr. Sun Yat-sen from here? Love? It means to love the people. And it is Dr. Sun Yat-sen who loves children? Love? The important content of.

Mr. Zhongshan loves children, on the one hand, because of him, of course? Who are there? His noble virtue, more importantly, his lofty ideal of relieving the people from bad political oppression. According to the memory of Kanles Kandley, the son of Dr. Sun Yat-sen and a teacher of Hong Kong College of Western Medicine, Dr. Sun Yat-sen was exiled to England because of running the revolution, so when he lived in his house, he often fondled his hair kindly and sometimes talked to him kindly, even when he talked with others about problems or thought about the truth of saving the country and the people. Dr. Sun Yat-sen, who was in exile, could not care for the Chinese children under the autocratic rule of the Qing government.

19110 In June, the Revolution of 1911 broke out and overthrew the Qing government. 19 12 1 October, Dr. Sun Yat-sen was elected as the interim president of the revolutionary government, and his desire to love children all over the world was initially put into practice. Under the call of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, children's reformatories and schools have been established all over the country. In order to encourage the development of children's education and welfare, Dr. Sun Yat-sen also donated money to the people of Guangdong on 19 12, and founded the Children's Department of Guangdong Women's Education College, which was presided over by female revolutionaries Xu Mulan, Deng Mufen and Huang Fuyong and presented by himself? Young, young? Three big characters. These three profound and inspiring words not only inspired the staff of the children's department of Guangdong Women's Education College at that time, but also inspired the majority of children educators, and also expressed Dr. Sun Yat-sen's? Young, young, young? Great thoughts.

Because imperialism supported Yuan Shikai, a northern warlord, to usurp the achievements of the Revolution of 1911, Dr. Sun Yat-sen was forced to remove the post of interim president on 1 91April/February. Dr. Sun Yat-sen? Young, young, young? His great ambition, together with his great ideal of saving the country and the people, suffered setbacks because of the loss of political power.

1924, in cooperation with China, Dr. Sun Yat-sen established a revolutionary government with cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in Guangzhou, and the China revolution achieved unprecedented development. Dr. Sun Yat-sen? Young, young, young? Our ambition has been further realized. At that time, Guangzhou, where the revolutionary government was located, not only built a number of primary schools and children's reformatory schools, but also opened professional schools such as Guangdong Women's Normal School to train children educators. Dr. Sun Yat-sen earnestly pointed out in a speech to Guangdong Women's Normal School on 1924 that children should receive state education from birth to adulthood. In order to improve children's cultural knowledge and popularize children's education, we should not only run primary schools, but also run civilian schools to popularize universal education and let adults know the importance of universal education. It is necessary to improve the material and cultural life of all the people, reassure parents and let their children go to school for education. ? You can imagine his grand vision of developing children's education. Unfortunately, due to the twists and turns of the revolutionary road, Dr. Sun Yat-sen's ideal of making all children in the country grow up happily has not been realized in his lifetime.

Today, China is a big country respected by people all over the world, and children in China have a good environment for healthy growth. Dr. Sun Yat-sen? Young, young, young? My wish has come true. Although Dr. Sun Yat-sen can't see him personally like the Revolution of 1911, he has always been a public servant working for the people's welfare. As long as the people can get happiness, whether he can see him or not has nothing to do with Dr. Sun Yat-sen himself.

4. Dr. Sun Yat-sen and Buddhism

Dr. Sun Yat-sen did not simply regard Buddhism as a superstitious activity, but agreed to it on the principle of freedom of religious belief and separation of church and state? Expose Buddhism in Hong Tong, invigorate the spirit, refrain from riding, integrate and show all the good laws in the world, and choose to implement them, so as to achieve permanent peace in the world and complete happiness for all beings? The purpose of the board of directors, are you sure? Explain the hidden dangers, make up the disadvantages, save the deviations, carry forward the tradition and benefit the world? Role in China's social and academic research. At the same time, also pointed out that? In modern times, the separation of church and state is very strict. Christians practice hard and never interfere in politics, while the state tries its best to protect them without stint. What is the best way to imitate this beauty? In order to enlighten Buddhists in China to recognize the right path of practicing precepts. Dr. Sun Yat-sen also sent the application report of the Chinese Buddhist Association to the Ministry of Education for the record, so that it could be legally obtained? Enterprise? State. These instructions and handling of Buddhist issues reflect Dr. Sun Yat-sen's incisive views on the relationship between Buddhism and China society and his cordial concern for Buddhists.

Sun Yat-sen's insight into the relationship between Buddhism and China society and his cordial concern for Buddhists have won the respect and love of the majority of Buddhists. Therefore, when Sun Yat-sen stepped down as the temporary president and went south to Guangzhou, people in the Buddhist circles in Guangdong recommended Tie Chan, the president of the Eastern Buddhist Association (later changed to Guangdong Branch of the Chinese Buddhist Association), and held a welcome meeting for Sun Yat-sen at Liu Rong Temple in Guangzhou in May 19 12. Dr. Sun Yat-sen, his family and Governor Hu of Guangdong Military Government attended the welcoming ceremony and wrote inscriptions for Buddhists in Guangdong? Equality, freedom and fraternity? Six words encourage them to obey? Temporary contract? (During his tenure as interim president, Sun Yat-sen promulgated the supreme law of the interim constitution on March 19 1 1 2002, and conducted legal religious activities in accordance with the provisions on religious beliefs.

Dr. Sun Yat-sen also took the opportunity of the welcome party to visit the Ninth Pagoda of Liu Rong Temple. He saw that from the second level, a four-character plaque was hung at each level. Are they from the second floor, from the bottom up? Two musical instruments compete? 、? Three Lamps District shines together? 、? Four-sided light quilt ,? Five mountains push respect? 、? Liuhe yaoguan? 、? Seven stars Ling Han? 、? Eight in sight? 、? List of nine people? . For historical and artistic buildings, plaques have the wonderful function of making the finishing point, and these eight-sided plaques not only appropriately express the characteristics of this towering flower tower at all levels, but also generally reflect its momentum of penetrating the sky and taking in everything in a glance, which is a rare literary masterpiece. Restoring these plaques that Sun Yat-sen saw in those years will definitely make this famous Buddhist art pagoda more colorful.

Verb (short for verb)? Spring with the country? Dr. Sun Yat-sen's inscription in newspapers and periodicals.

After the Revolution of 1911 overthrew the Qing government, Mr. Zhongshan resigned as interim president due to the situation. Because the revolution has not been successful, he still toured the provinces as a national party member, and made extensive publicity to mobilize the masses and carry the revolution through to the end.

In mobilizing the masses, Sun Yat-sen placed great expectations on journalists. 1965438+In early May 2002, Sun Yat-sen arrived in Guangzhou from Fuzhou. On May 4th, the press in Guangzhou and Hong Kong jointly held a meeting to welcome the Oriental Garden (now located in Yuexiu South Road, a huge garden with the nature of a cultural park). Dr. Sun Yat-sen delivered a speech at the welcome meeting, urging the press to point out seriously? Public opinion is the mother of facts, and so are all leaders of the press. I hope you can make your goals clear and create a good public opinion. ? Feng ziyou, a revolutionary at that time, founded da guang Bao in hong kong, which was aimed at Guangdong province (including hong kong and Macao) and major cities at home and abroad. sun yat-sen specially presented an inscription? Spring with the country? Four words, encouraging it to create revolutionary public opinion for the consolidation and development of the democratic Republic, in order to? Spring with the country? That is, coexistence and common prosperity with the democratic Republic. While encouraging the press in Guangzhou and Hong Kong, Dr. Sun Yat-sen wrote an inscription for the newly-established Da Guang Bao? Spring with the country? Four big characters.

Many people in the press live up to Sun Yat-sen's expectations, are upright and upright, and have done their due duty to consolidate the democratic republic. Among them, the great light newspaper perseveres? Spring with the country? This brave and unyielding spirit is highly praised by readers. 19 18 After the end of World War I, a revolution broke out in Russia and a socialist government was established, and the world took on a new look. Daguangbao is keenly aware that socialism has stepped onto the world stage, stood in the forefront of the times in time, and carried out it? Socialism and China? The propaganda activities centered on socialism and labor liberation have given readers new knowledge and attracted the attention of people from all walks of life, which is also praised by Sun Yat-sen. ..

1920 65438+ 10, Daguangbao published an annual issue, and asked Sun Yat-sen to write an inscription for Daguangnian so as to sign up? Daguang? Put forward and state the responsibility of newspapers and periodicals to the country and the people. The inscription says:? A wise man is nothing more than a tool to let people know the reality and truth. It is useless and harmful not to use tools, or in fact to ignore them. Those who refrain from being aboveboard with others have great achievements and heavy responsibilities. If you follow its preconceptions, it is not bright, and the disaster starts from the right. ? Daguang? I deeply like its name, but I hope it can live up to its name with real knowledge and spirit of mutual assistance. ? This inscription has been further developed? Spring with the country? Meaning of.

6. Hong Kong College of Western Medicine and Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary philosophy.

Dr. Sun Yat-sen began to study medicine at the Hong Kong College of Western Medicine (now the Medical College of Hong Kong University) from 1887, and graduated with the first place in all subjects from 1892, obtaining a master's degree in medicine. The graduation certificate is marked with the words "Full marks in all subjects" by the dean of education, Condelli, and signed by 13 principals and teachers, 8 examiners, priests and secretaries. Signed by Hong Kong Governor Robinson on July 23rd, 1892.

After graduating from Hong Kong College of Western Medicine, Dr. Sun Yat-sen made great achievements and was known as a national player in Macao and Guangzhou. Dr. Sun Yat-sen studied in Hong Kong College of Western Medicine for five years, which laid a solid foundation for his medical expertise and also laid a foundation for Dr. Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary philosophy. There is not much analysis and research on this issue.

Hong Kong College of Western Medicine is a specialized medical college founded by He Qi, a native of Nanhai, Guangdong Province, according to the medical college system of British universities. He Qi studied in Britain in his early years and obtained a doctorate in medicine and a barrister's certificate. After returning to China, he served as a member of the Hong Kong Parliament and engaged in lawyer business. He also taught medicine and law in Hong Kong College of Western Medicine, and published many papers criticizing the feudal political system in newspapers and periodicals, which were later compiled into The True Solution of the New Deal. Dr. Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary thoughts and activities were deeply influenced by him. Later, Dr. Sun Yat-sen launched the Guangzhou Uprising to publicize and draft the English Declaration, which was also greatly helped.

Subjects studied by Dr. Sun Yat-sen in Hong Kong College of Western Medicine: biology, botany, physics, chemistry, anatomy, physiology, pharmacology and clinical diagnosis in the first year. In the second year, there were physiology, anatomy, medicine, pathology, surgery and obstetrics and gynecology. After the third year, the disciplines gradually decreased, only forensic medicine, public health and practical primary surgery, but the hours and contents of surgery and obstetrics increased, with special emphasis on internship (see Luo Xianglin: Sun Yat-sen University). It can be seen that during his five-year study in Hong Kong College of Western Medicine, Dr. Sun Yat-sen has learned almost all natural sciences, and a large part of them are medical knowledge that can only be mastered through internship. This kind of education, which is based on natural science and emphasizes the combination of practice and theory, on the one hand makes Dr. Sun Yat-sen fully accept the modern scientific thought against feudal thought, on the other hand, it also cultivates Dr. Sun Yat-sen's spirit of paying attention to practice and promotes the formation and development of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's philosophical thought of integrating theory with practice. Dr. Sun Yat-sen paid attention to practice all his life. Even if he expounded revolutionary theory, he never targeted it, but theorized for the sake of theory. Observing Dr. Sun Yat-sen's works and remarks about the modern history of China over the years, we can clearly see that Dr. Sun Yat-sen's remarks are always aimed at the practical problems of the revolution, or are aimed at accomplishing some practical tasks. For example, Sun Yat-sen wrote Sun Wen Lun from1919. According to him, is it? Afraid of the social psychology of China people today? ,? Another enemy knows that this is not difficult, and the enemies who are struggling are crossed, so he regards my plan as an ideal and refuses to see it. ,? So make a theory to break this psychological enemy first? . So bring it up? It's easy to learn from difficulties? Encourage people to work hard? Okay？ Learn from practice. This practice-oriented thought of Dr. Sun Yat-sen is undoubtedly closely related to the practice-oriented scientific training he received in Hong Kong College of Western Medicine.

The extracurricular reading materials selected by Dr. Sun Yat-sen during his study in Hong Kong College of Western Medicine also influenced the formation and development of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary philosophy. According to the classmate Guan of Dr. Sun Yat-sen at that time, when he was studying in Hong Kong College of Western Medicine, Dr. Sun Yat-sen liked the French Revolution and Darwin's theory of evolution best, and was particularly interested in Darwin's theory of evolution. 1897, Dr. Sun Yat-sen wrote to Professor Giles of Cambridge University in England, saying: Wenzao has far-reaching ambitions and novel sexual desire. Middle school students are good at learning three generations and two Han people, and western learning is addicted to Darwin's way. . Sun Wen Lun, a philosophical masterpiece, was written by Dr. Sun Yat-sen based on Darwin's theory of evolution and his past knowledge of natural science (mainly the subjects he studied in Hong Kong College of Western Medicine). This philosophical masterpiece expounds the origin of the world and the emergence of human beings. It is a journey of natural history and does not recognize any afterlife power and the existence of God. It is particularly noteworthy that this philosophical masterpiece is about? Do you know? 、? Okay？ Demonstration of relationship. In this part of the argument, Dr. Sun Yat-sen listed the development process of various sciences and demonstrated? Okay？ Role, elaborate? Okay？ Are you online? Do you know? First of all? Do you know? Are you online? Okay？ After that, in practice, what was that? Okay？ The philosophical principles of seeking knowledge, testing practice with knowledge, continuous exploration and continuous progress. This is the essence of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary philosophy, and it is also the epistemological source that he dared to abandon the outdated old scheme and explore and accept the new revolutionary scheme all his life.

This shows that Dr. Sun Yat-sen's education in Hong Kong College of Western Medicine influenced his revolutionary philosophy.

7. Mr. Zhongshan and Chinese tunic suit

Since the birth of 1923, Chinese tunic suit has been the most popular and favorite dress for men in China for more than 50 years.

Who is the founder of Zhongshan suit? He is Dr. Sun Yat-sen, a democratic revolutionary in China.

1923, when Dr. Sun Yat-sen was the Grand Marshal of China Revolutionary Government in Guangzhou, he felt that the suit was not only bulky and inconvenient to wear, but also unsuitable for the actual requirements of people's life and work in China at that time. However, China's original clothing (chest-style blouse, big-breasted gown, etc. ) can't fully show the enterprising spirit of China people at that time, and has similar shortcomings in practice. So I advocate that it was popular among overseas Chinese in Nanyang at that time. Business leader? The coat is based on the sample, and a reverse collar is added to the collar instead of the hard collar of the suit shirt. Such a dress has the functions of a suit jacket, shirt and collar, and will it? Business leader? The three hidden pockets of the coat became four open pockets, and the lower two open pockets were cut to expand and contract with the number of items put in. Piano bag? Style. Dr. Sun Yat-sen said that he reformed his pockets so that books, notebooks and other necessities for study and work could be put in his pockets. Because of the soft cover on the pocket, the things in the pocket will not be easily lost. The trousers designed by Dr. Sun Yat-sen are: the front is sewn, with hidden buttons, a large hidden pocket on the left and right, a small hidden pocket (watch pocket) on the front, and a hidden pocket on the right rear hip, with soft sleeves. This kind of trousers is convenient to wear and suitable for carrying personal necessities.

The assistant who helped Dr. Sun Yat-sen create the Zhongshan suit was Huang Longsheng, a native of Taishan, Guangdong. He originally opened a Longsheng western-style clothes shop in Paul Bart Street in Hanoi, Vietnam. 1902 12 In February, Dr. Sun Yat-sen went to Hanoi to organize a Zhong Xing meeting, and occasionally went into his shop to shop and talk with him. Huang Longsheng was greatly impressed to learn that his current client is Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the leader of the revolutionary party. He earnestly asked to attend the Zhong Xing meeting and make donations for the revolution. 1923 worked with Dr. Sun Yat-sen in the Grand Marshal's Office. When Dr. Sun Yat-sen designed the tunic suit, he asked him to help him sew it, and successfully made the world's first tunic suit.

When Dr. Sun Yat-sen put on his own suit, which is also the first suit in the world, he said: This kind of dress is beautiful, practical, convenient and economical. Unlike a suit, except for a coat and shirt, it must have a hard collar. Most of these things were imported (most of them were imported from abroad at that time), which was labor-intensive and costly. ? It can also be seen from here that even in daily necessities such as clothing, Mr. Zhongshan is based on the actual situation of his country. This spirit of self-reliance is always worth learning.

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Because of its beauty, practicality and convenience, Zhongshan suit was warmly welcomed by the masses once advocated by Dr. Sun Yat-sen.