Under the brand-new social background, the new life of Chinese comprehensive practice has quietly come. As a catalyst, it has made a qualitative change in the curriculum, given teachers a new creative space, and allowed children to go out of the closed classroom and practice, explore, experience and create in the vast world.
Meaning and function, activity content and activity mode
2/kloc-The primary school students in the 20th century have developed a deep aversion to the teacher's practice of reading, writing and reciting a book in one semester. They no longer like this teacher who is not creative in teaching. What students long for is a colorful classroom. A lot of information, rich activities and beautiful nature are full of infinite attraction to children. How to creatively connect the Chinese knowledge learned in class with colorful extracurricular life practice, so that students can easily change from being tired of learning to being happy? This is a difficult problem before us. Since the new life of Chinese comprehensive practical activities has quietly come to us, the curriculum has undergone qualitative changes, giving teachers new creative space, allowing children to go out of the closed classroom and practice, explore, experience and create in a vast world. ...
I. Significance and role
Chinese comprehensive practice is an activity that perfectly combines the basic knowledge learned in Chinese classroom teaching with various phenomena and problems encountered by students in daily life, so as to successfully solve or describe the problems and phenomena in real life.
Chinese comprehensive practice pays attention to students' diversified practical learning methods, which has changed students' single learning methods in the past. This way of learning is conducive to fully mobilizing students' initiative in learning Chinese, cultivating their strong interest in learning, developing all kinds of good study habits in activities, developing thinking and innovation in activities, and cultivating qualified and exploratory practical ability. Chinese comprehensive practice transcends the limitations of book knowledge learning, and requires students to ask questions from life and social reality, independently propose the theme of activities, carry out exploration and social participation in experience practice and other activities. Therefore, Chinese comprehensive practice activities have built a close bridge between students and life, and between students and society.
Second, the content of the activity
Different grades should arrange different activities. In the lower grades, we should first pay attention to improving students' interest in literacy, and guide students to understand the methods of literacy, so as to effectively expand the amount of literacy, change the learning methods of rote learning and game reading in the past, and make students feel relaxed and happy and memorable. With the growth of grade and the improvement of students' literacy, the activity mode should be constantly changed, laying a good foundation for the practice of middle and high grades. Secondly, activities such as "draw a picture and say it" and the performance of the textbook drama can serve a variety of purposes to cultivate students' listening, speaking, reading and writing abilities.
The goal of the middle grade of primary school should be to cultivate students' observation ability and expression ability, ease the difficulty of the third grade composition, and smoothly complete the transition from the second grade to the third grade composition. In middle school, primary school students have a certain sense of self. Teachers should consciously cultivate students' sense of ownership, let students learn to choose independently according to their own hobbies, and let them watch whatever they want, say whatever they see and say whatever they hear. Then, "reading, speaking and writing" and "listening, speaking and writing" are very necessary. The center of these activities is the hand, mouth and pen. Being able to speak and write actively is the highest learning level that we hope students can achieve.
High school students should attach importance to the cultivation of students' Chinese practical ability. Let students go out of the classroom and campus and deepen their understanding of society through exchanges and visits. Guide students to fully express their views on current hot issues and talk about their own understanding. Let students improve themselves and improve themselves in tit-for-tat thinking confrontation.
Third, the way of activities.
1, (lower grade) group cooperative literacy activities. For example, students play with a word or different radicals. One student wears the "Qi" card to become the radical "Qi". Other students can wear the radicals "Zhu", "Er" and "Ye". Two groups of students jump together to let other students know what this word is. Another example is that one student plays the radicals such as "horse" and other students play the radicals such as "female", "worm" and "mouth". Other students can read according to different combinations. Teachers can make up a story with students before class, string these together through the story, and emphasize the word formation and pronunciation in the story. This process is not only a game process, but also a literacy process. Reading in the game, students feel relaxed and happy, and have a deep memory.
The practical activity of "draw a picture and talk" to cultivate the ability of listening, speaking, reading and writing is more attractive to students than the general speaking with pictures. The main steps are as follows: first, children compose pictures through their own imagination; Second, do it yourself and draw the thoughts in your heart; Third, through the child's own mouth, systematically tell the child the content of the picture. In this process, there are no restrictions on content and genre, and there are no rigid requirements for teachers. Students can freely conceive, draw and express according to their own preferences. There is no doubt that "painting and speaking" is neither a simple study of painting nor a simple study of Chinese. It cultivates students' comprehensive quality.
Of course, letting children "paint and talk" freely is not giving up, and teachers should give careful guidance. For example, painting, freehand brushwork is not graffiti. The teacher should tell the students that the picture must be closely connected with the story conceived in your mind, that is, the picture should be used to express the story. At the same time, students should be encouraged to give full play to their imagination and creativity in their compositions.
In addition, while "painting and speaking", students should be free to read a lot of famous books, such as fairy tales, fables and ancient poems. This process is actually a process of accumulating material and enriching language. With rich accumulation, students' expressions can be colorful. One thing to note here is that the exhibition should be held mainly in the classroom, so that all students have the opportunity to show their achievements and feel the happiness of success.
There are also word solitaire games; Imitate your favorite words and write other words; String several words together to make a complete sentence; Look for typos, etc.
2. (Middle school) can carry out various oral expression and language description activities. For example, "textbook theater", there are many stories in the textbook, and such articles are suitable for students to perform; There are also some works suitable for students to perform in some extracurricular reading materials. For such an article, we can adapt it into a textbook play for students to perform. The performance of the textbook drama is very comprehensive, which not only deepens students' understanding of the text content, but more importantly, trains students' cooperative and organizational abilities and cultivates students' awareness of expressing themselves bravely. Another example is the "story meeting". On the basis of students' free or organized reading of their favorite stories, students are encouraged to tell stories to their families, classmates and friends first, and then arrange for students with this specialty to tell them at class or school story meetings. In addition, a "reading contest" can be held. To launch a reading contest, we should first help students choose different genres of reading content according to their reading level and characteristics, and then give them some time to practice by themselves, and teachers can guide them. Finally, take part in the competition.
In addition, there are calligraphy activity groups; Calligraphy competition; Do a handwritten newspaper; Read useful books after class, etc.
3, (senior) can organize students to edit their own essays. In the usual training, I instruct students to keep a diary with rich and colorful contents. This period in the middle of each semester is the time when primary school students are most likely to slack off in learning Chinese. At this time, the teacher timely put forward: let's start work, extract the most satisfactory works from the diary, edit and summarize them into a book, and print them into a book, one for each person. Students can choose their own names for their compositions and design the cover. Then work in groups, evaluate each other's selected essays, find out their advantages and disadvantages, and give others some warm tips and good wishes. Students make progress together in the atmosphere of mutual learning, which also lays the foundation for encouraging their future study. At the end of the semester, instruct the whole class to select at least one Excellent Composition Collection for each student. Excellent students can recommend many articles and print them into a book. Teachers will give them some good comments and put forward higher expectations after each selected composition. Through the practice of editing and selecting essays, students' writing level has been greatly improved.
Secondly, organize students to design handwritten newspapers and blackboard newspapers. First of all, teachers lead students to take the first step, and teachers and students cooperate to run the first handwritten newspaper and blackboard newspaper well. Then ask the students to run slowly and help at any time when they encounter problems. Finally, we can completely let go and let students explore, design and edit themselves boldly in the vast sea of books. I was pleasantly surprised to find that students can not only give their own newspapers a unique and imaginative title, but also learn from others. The name of each column is ever-changing, and the content is more novel and unique. Children's thirst for knowledge has been fully activated, and their imagination and creativity have been sublimated in practice. I carefully collected every spark of wisdom left by the children and gathered many sparks to carry forward.
In addition, organize students to give speeches and debates. In order to encourage students to successfully apply the knowledge and skills they have learned to their own lives and cultivate their confidence and skills in interacting with others, I organize students to give speeches and debates on a life phenomenon. For example, in view of the poor learning atmosphere of some students in the class, organize students to speak at the class meeting. In view of the phenomenon of primary school students' infatuation with online games, a positive and negative debate has been formed, and students have shown their abilities and won red faces without losing sufficient reasons. In speech and debate activities, we not only achieved the goal of self-criticism education, but also cultivated the ability of oral expression. Students can also be organized to conduct surveys and visits. Investigation and interview can cultivate students' good habit of being fully prepared and thoughtful before doing things, and also cultivate students' ability to improvise and communicate flexibly in activities. For example, after class, ask students to investigate the changes in their hometown environment, write down and talk about their personal feelings about protecting the environment. The students are very interested in this activity. As long as they know what to do under the guidance of teachers and form the habit of caring about others and everything around them, they will consciously learn to communicate with others. When writing a composition or expressing orally, fresh content will rush like a clear spring, fresh and creative.
In addition, there are activities of feeling after reading or exchanging reading experience; Make reading cards for people with poor reading ability and write observation diaries for people with poor practice; Watching news broadcasts and children's programs, the expression is poor; Tourism activities; Small scientific and technological achievements and papers; Social investigation on holidays and writing investigation report.
In a word, as long as we closely link with reality, step by step, persevere and keep exploring, the teaching of Chinese comprehensive practical activities will continue to innovate and improve.