Biography of zi ren
Author: Liu Zongyuan
Pei is the first uncle in Guangdeli. Some people are willing to live in peace and stability. Work, search, lead, rule, time, rope, ink, home is not a tool. When asked about his ability, he said: "I am good at measuring materials, depending on the system of architecture, deep, round and short, and I am taught to work in groups." Many people can't be alone without me. Therefore, if I eat in the government, I will be rewarded three times; In private, I accepted it too directly. One day, when he walked into his room, his bed was too full. He said, "I'll find another job." "I laughed at it and said it was incompetent and greedy.
Later, Beijing will decorate the official residence, and I will go and have a look. Entrusted by the materials group, they will work in groups of three or five, or hold axes or knives and saws, all standing around. For catalpa people, they hold the leader in their left hand and the staff in their right hand, but they are in the middle. Measure the appointment of Dongyu, depending on the ability of wood lifting, waving a staff and saying "axe!" The man with the axe ran to the right; Gu pointed and said, "I see it!" The man with the saw leans to the left. All of a sudden, those who weigh a catty and those who are cut with a knife all look at their colors. Once they say it, they dare not judge for themselves. Those who are incompetent and quit angrily dare not care. Draw a palace to block it, make full use of it, and a building can be built with a little effort. After the completion, the last building in the book reads: "A certain construction on a certain day, a certain month, a certain year". His surname is also. Any work used is not included. I saw the horror, and then I knew the skill was great.
Then he sighed: he will give up his craft and specialize in his mind, but he can know what is important! It is said that hard-working people serve people, and hard-working people serve people. People who work hard are worried! Those who can use it, the wise seek it, and the wise are wise! It is enough to help the son of heaven. This is the law of the world. There's nothing closer. People in the world are people-oriented. Its servants are disciples, rural teachers and Xu Li; It has a corporal on it; Above it is a sergeant and a staff sergeant; This is also for doctors, A Qing, and the public. Six jobs, a hundred servings. Apart from dredging the sea, there are Fang Bo and Lian Lv. There are guards in the county, butchers in the city, and all have auxiliary policies; Under it, there are petty officials, under it, there are misers and Yi Yin who serve the work, and the workers in Judah have their own skills to eat.
Those who take the son of heaven as heaven and earth are called, made clear, contracted according to their discipline, and reorganized according to their legal system; Wandering people have rules, etiquette, rope and ink, which can be customized. Select people from all over the country to perform their duties; People who live in the world make their careers safe. Seeing everything knows the wild, seeing the country from the perspective, and seeing the country knows the world. It is far and small, and we can study it by hand according to its map. The people who painted the palace were banned, but the achievement was also successful. Those who can let go later will have no virtue; Resign if you can't, dare not. Don't show off your talents, fame, hard work, and invade all officials, and discuss their experiences with the world's talents. Catalpa people might as well make good use of all their work and not cut down on art. My husband went on to say that the world is reasonable.
When the theory of phase has been obtained, all countries make sense, and the world looks up and says expectantly, "The merits of my phase are also there! Later generations followed the trail and admired it: "The talents of the phase are also! Scholars or those who talk about the reason of Yin and Zhou said, "Yi, Fu, Zhou and Zhao." Its 100 deacons are hardworking, but have no discipline; Wandering people are famous for their merits, but those who use them are not among them. What a difference! Pass is the Tao, the so-called phase, enough is enough. Those who don't know the body want to do the opposite; Diligence for the public, respect for books for the public, making a name for yourself, working for the public, invading all officials, stealing six jobs and doing everything, listening to politics for the public, and being far away from the big ones, the so-called impassability is also the way. I am a catalpa who doesn't know the advantages and disadvantages of rope ink and rules Fiona Fang. It is not absurd to use all workers' axes and saws to assist their art, but they will not prepare for work or even fail. They have no success in using it!
Or: "The other master is a room, and he is afraid of giving him private wisdom to contain the worries of the catalpa people and seize the world, but the Tao is useless." Although it can't be successful, is it a crime? I just let nature take its course! 」
Yu Yue said, "Otherwise! The husband's rope is sincere, the rules are sincere, the high one can't be restrained, and the narrow one can't be broad. I am strong, but I am not. He will be happy to die, then roll up his skills, silence his wisdom, and go leisurely. The road of unyielding to me is sincere and kind! Or indulge in its goods and benefits, forbear but can't give up, lose control, bend down but can't stay, build a broken house and say, "It's not my fault! "! Is it awesome? Is it awesome? 」
I said that the way of catalpa people is similar to that of others, so books are kept. The catalpa people who judged the surface potential in ancient times are now called "all-material craftsmen" cloud. The man I met, Yang, was an anonymous person.
To annotate ...
① catalpa people: carpenters and construction workers. Paragraph: Knock on the door.
2 void space: empty room.
3 position: supervisor. Search and reference: measuring tools. Instrument: compass. Moment: A ruler. Rope ink: Mo Dou.
4 Xi: grinding. Hey: chop.
⑤ Straight: Pass the "value".
1 committee: accumulation. Axe hammer: a tool for cutting wood.
2 appointment: commitment.
3 Russia: Soon.
① Six posts: refers to the six central departments: officials, households, rituals, soldiers, punishments and workers.
2 Fang Bo: the leader of ancient princes; Company rate (same as "handsome"): leader and commander-in-chief; Both refer to the local governor.
3 assistant politics: deputy.
4 miser: equivalent to a township official, in charge of litigation and taxation. Ban Yin: A small official in charge of household registration.
5 feeling: bragging.
⑥ Yi, Fu, Zhou, Zhao: Yi Yin, Zhou Gong,.
① Six posts: refers to the six central departments: officials, households, rituals, soldiers, punishments and workers.
2 Fang Bo: the leader of ancient princes; Company rate (same as "handsome"): leader and commander-in-chief; Both refer to the local governor.
3 assistant politics: deputy.
4 miser: equivalent to a township official, in charge of litigation and taxation. Ban Yin: A small official in charge of household registration.
5 feeling: bragging.
⑥ Yi, Fu, Zhou, Zhao: Yi Yin, Zhou Gong,.
Listen: The way to argue.
②: Same as "if".
3 knives: the views of passers-by. The Book of Songs Xiao Min: "If he builds a room for the Tao, he will be invincible."
4 collapse: collapse. ⑤ Radial: bending.
translate
Uncle Feng Fei's home is in Delhi. A carpenter knocked on his door, hoping to rent an empty room and replace the rent with a service host. He is responsible for some length measuring tools, planning Fiona Fang and correcting deviations. There are no tools for sharpening and cutting at home. Asked what he could do, he said, "I am good at calculating and measuring wood." Look at the style of the house, whether it is deep, round and short; I direct the driving and the craftsmen do it. Without me, no one can build a house. So with the support of the government, I got three times more money than others; Working in a private home, I get paid more than half of the total. "Then one day, I went into his house. His bed was missing a leg but it was not repaired. He said, "We will ask another craftsman to repair it. "I laughed at him and said that he was a man who was greedy for salary and money and had no talent.
Later, Jing renovated the official residence. I have been there. Accumulated a lot of wood and recruited many craftsmen. Some people hold axes, others stand in a circle with knives and saws, facing the carpenter. The carpenter stood in the middle, with a long ruler in his left hand and a stick in his right. He measured the promise of the house, looked at the performance of the wood and chose the right one. He waved a stick and said, "Cut with an axe!" The man with the axe will cut in on the right side of the runway; He pointed to the wood and said, "Use a saw!" Then the man with the saw will go to the left side of the runway to saw. After a while, those who cut with axes and those who cut with knives looked at his face and waited for him to speak. No one dares to make their own decisions. Those incompetent people were angrily dismissed by him and dared not have any resentment. He drew a design of the Governor's Mansion on the wall, but this design, which is slightly more than a foot, describes its architectural structure in detail. According to the tiny size in the picture, there is no mistake in the high-rise building. After it was completed, it was written upstairs: it was completed on a certain day in a certain year, and it turned out to be his name. All the craftsmen he has served are not listed on it. I looked around, very surprised, and then I knew his skills were superb and great!
Then I sighed and said, he probably gave up his craft and devoted himself to his wisdom. Did you know the overall essentials? I have heard that "hardworking people are enslaved by others, and workers are enslaved by others"; He may be a hard worker, isn't he? People with ordinary skills contribute to labor, and smart people give advice. He's probably a smart guy, right? This can be used as an example for those who assist the son of heaven and become the prime minister of the world! Things couldn't be closer. Assisting the son of heaven and becoming the prime minister of the world, recommending talents, appointing positions, issuing orders, assigning tasks, rectifying discipline, increasing or decreasing personnel, and unifying the rule of law. It's as if the Catalpa people have the tools to correct Fiona Fang and set the correct route and drawing mode. Select officials from all over the world who are suitable for their positions; Settle the people in the world and let them live and work in peace and contentment. Look at the capital to understand the suburbs, look at the suburbs to understand the vassal States, and look at the vassal States to understand the world. Those national events, big or small, can be studied and understood according to the map in hand. It's like a hippopotamus chef painting a government building on the wall to complete this project. Promote a talented person and give full play to his skills so that he doesn't have to thank anyone; He didn't dare to get angry when he dismissed a man without talent and let him rest. Don't brag about your talents, don't be arrogant, don't be hollow, don't do trivial things in person, don't interfere with the work of officials, and discuss the fundamental truth of governing the country with talents all over the world every day. It's like catalpa people are good at using many craftsmen without boasting about their own skills. Only in this way can we understand the truth of being a prime minister and govern the vassal state. Those who don't know the overall essentials are the opposite. (They) take caution and busyness as their major task, copy documents and books in the government office as their important task, boast of their talents and self-esteem, do those trivial things in person, interfere with the work of officials, seize what subordinates should do and do for themselves, proudly boast that they are in the Prime Minister's office, but lose those important and long-term things. This is the man who doesn't know the truth about being prime minister. Just like catalpa people don't know how to draw straight lines and straight lines, how to draw Fiona Fang according to the rules, and how to draw short lines. They temporarily took away the craftsmen's axes and saws to help them develop their technology, but they couldn't finish the work, so that things failed and they didn't use them successfully. Isn't that right?
Some people say: "If the owner of the house, with his own knowledge, interferes with the master carpenter's planning and does not adopt the long experience passed down from generation to generation, resulting in the collapse of the house, is it the master carpenter's fault?" Because the master doesn't trust carpenters! 」
I said, "That's not true! Because the measurement of rope, ink, compass and ruler is very clear, the high place cannot be lowered at will, and the narrow place cannot be expanded at will. If I follow my plan, the house will be strong, otherwise, if I don't follow my design, the house will collapse. If the owner is content that the house is unstable and prone to collapse, the carpenter has to leave with his own skills and wisdom. Stick to your own ideas and don't compromise, that's the real good carpenter! On the other hand, if you are greedy for money, tolerate the interference of your master, don't want to leave, and don't adhere to the architectural principles of your house, one day, the house is crooked and the beam is crooked, and the carpenter will say, "It's not my fault!" "Can you do that? Is it okay? 」
I think: because the carpenter's way is very similar to that of the prime minister, I specially wrote it down and collected it. In ancient times, carpenters were also called "people who judge the surface potential", but today, they are called "people who supervise the construction". The carpenter I met, her name is Yang Qian.
Make an appreciative comment
The author of this paper vividly and reasonably expounds the truth of governing the country as a prime minister through a story of "making good use of materials", "making good use of all kinds of workers" and "choosing people from all over the world to do their jobs". Catalpa people's "incompetent, angry and resigned, dare not care." Taking the "omnipotence" of the prime minister and then letting it go, so that there is no virtue. If you can't return it, you can't be embarrassed. "The same result! This paper quotes Mencius's "people are governed by doers, and people are governed by doers" to illustrate that people have different social divisions and perform their duties; We should have realistic and positive thoughts.
Which dynasty was Liu Zongyuan from?
Liu Zongyuan left more than 600 poems in his life, and his achievements were greater than poems. There are nearly a hundred parallel prose, and ancient prose can be roughly divided into six categories. The following is "which dynasty did Liu Zongyuan belong to", I hope I can help you!
Which dynasty was Liu Zongyuan from?
the Tang Dynasty
Liu Zongyuan (AD 773-AD 8 19165438+1October 28th), a native of Hedong (now Yongji area in Yuncheng, Shanxi Province), was one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and was known as "Liu Hedong" and "Mr. Hedong" in the Tang Dynasty. Liu Zongyuan and Han Yu are called Liu Han, Liu Yuxi is called Liu Liu, and Wang Wei, Meng Haoran and Wei Wuying are called Wang Meng.
Liu Zongyuan left more than 600 poems in his life, and his achievements in writing were greater than poems. Nearly a hundred parallel essays, argumentative essays, sharp and ironic. There are many places where scenery is described in travel notes, such as Collection of Mr. Hedong, with representative works such as Xiju, Jiang Xue and Fisherman.
Liu's former residence is located in Wenxing Village, Qinshui County, Jincheng City, Shanxi Province. It was built by Liu Zongyuan's adherents and is a national scenic spot.
The life of the character
Early life
Liu Zongyuan's ancestral home is Hedong County (Liu's, Xue's and Pei's in Hedong are also called "Hedong Three Surnames"), and he has been an official for generations (the seventh ancestor, assistant minister in the Northern Wei Dynasty, sealing Yin Gong). Liu Zongyuan's great-grandfather Liu and his grandfather Liu Chagong were both county magistrates. His father, Jin Ryu, was an imperial adviser. Liu Zongyuan's mother, Lu, is a native. Her ancestors were officials, and Liu Zongyuan had only two sisters.
In 773, Liu Zongyuan was born in the capital Chang 'an. At the age of four, his mother lived with him in Jingxi Manor. The mother's enlightenment education made Liu Zongyuan have a strong interest in knowledge. Liu Zongyuan spent his childhood in Chang 'an, so he had some knowledge and feelings about the corruption and incompetence of the imperial court and the social crisis and turmoil. When he was nine years old, he met the Jian Zhong Rebellion. Four years after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Liu Zongyuan came to his father's office in Xiakou to escape the war. Liu Zongyuan, who was only 12 years old, also experienced the war of separatist regions. In 785 (the first year of Zhenyuan), Jin Ryu went to Jiangxi as an official. Liu Zongyuan traveled with his father. Direct contact with society has increased my knowledge. He takes part in social activities, makes friends and is valued by people. Soon, he returned to Chang 'an. My father, Jin Ryu, has been working in the government and county for a long time, and has a good understanding of the real social situation, and has developed a positive attitude towards life and an upright character. His father, who was good at poetry and prose, and his mother, who believed in Buddhism, laid the foundation for his later thought of "the integration of Confucianism and Buddhism".
Young genius
In 792, Liu Zongyuan was elected as a township tribute and was able to take the Jinshi exam. In 793, at the age of 265,438+0, Liu Zongyuan was admitted to the Jinshi examination and became famous. Soon, Liu Zongyuan's father Jin Ryu died, and Liu Zongyuan was in mourning at home. In 796, Liu Zongyuan was assigned to the secretary province as a school book lang. In 798, 26-year-old Liu Zongyuan took the erudite macro-character exam and won the list, and was awarded the orthography of Jixian Temple Academy (ranking from Nine Grades). In 80 1 year, Liu Zongyuan was appointed as Lantian Wei (Zhengliupin). In 803 10, Liu Zongyuan was transferred back to Chang 'an as the censor. Since then, I have made more friends with the upper echelons of officialdom. He had a deeper understanding of the dark corruption in politics, and gradually sprouted the desire for reform, becoming an important figure in Wang's reformists.
Liu Zongyuan's Classical Poetry
1, "Smell the oriole"
Listening to the cuckoo clock in the morning and evening, I didn't expect that the song of the oriole was suddenly introduced.
Familiar cries interrupted my sleep by the Xiangjiang River, showing the vitality of my hometown.
The mountains are thousands of miles, the sky is sky-high, and the wheat waves are rolling.
Kyoto Prefecture collects preferential taxes and donations from farmers. After the busy farming season, villagers come and go to ferment rice.
In the courtyard of the deep house where the smoke is curling, the people in the village greet the people on the south side of the village from a distance.
The oriole flies in the sun, crosses the pool high, and the wind looks askance at the slender wings of willow leaves.
I am now in the hometown of Wanshui, Qian Shan, just like the Hakkas in Chu can't go home anymore.
Why do birds from your hometown come here reminds me of my distant hometown.
Stop chirping and fly back with your wings. The penicillin you love will have ripe fruit.
2. "Brave and bright"
In the era of Qi Sanhao, I met the enlightened emperor Qin Mugong. They were all big-minded, and each share was brilliant.
They tried their best to assist the imperial court, and made Qin form an alliance with other countries, which was blessed by all sides.
Three good loyal ministers are sincere and polite, loyal ministers are sincere, and the friendship between the monarch and the minister is as clean as autumn frost.
He was born as good as a man and refused to be a trilateral member.
A strong man was buried in a deep passage, and he was so brave that he wanted to fill the coffin.
It is not a gift of kindness to die with him and his faithful minister!
The inheritance of the overlord is so weak, but the kingdom of Chu Jin is thriving.
Disease-related lifesaving
Chaos, Wei's words have chapters.
Kang Gong followed the indecent practice and fell into his father's trap. I will rise up against the fatuous Qin Kanggong.
3. Meiyu
Myrica rubra fruit set is rainy, the sky is vast and boundless, and the time is only late spring.
I am so worried that I can't sleep at night. Monkeys cry at night, and good dreams easily wake chickens.
Rain and fog spread from a corner of the sea to the end of the Antarctic, and Jiang Tao flooded the ferry from the north with a bang.
White clothes are dyed by plum rains in the south of the Yangtze River, but not by the dust in Beijing.
4. "The Leaves of Banyan Trees Fall in February in Liuzhou"
The official feels sad, and spring is half like autumn.
The mountain city is full of rain flowers and banyan leaves are full of warblers.
5. Nanzhong Fitness
The cold of late autumn gathered in Nanjian, and I went alone at noon.
The autumn wind hovers in the stream, and the shadow of braintree is like a horn blowing.
When I first arrived here, I didn't feel it. Walking into the deep gorge a little bit seemed to forget to dissipate.
In the deep valley, it sounds like a low bird song, and the cold stream echoes in the ripples.
Dreams always leave the soul of the capital, and it is sad to miss the tears of old friends.
It is easy to feel lonely, but it is better to get lost.
Why am I so depressed? I know why I am depressed.
People who will be demoted to Yongzhou in the future will definitely like my poems.
6. "Don't be my brother."
Scattered residual red all over the gloom, double hanging farewell tears across the river.
The treacherous party, because the party did not leave the capital, lived more than 6 thousand miles away; I left Baiyue desolate, gaunt and poor for the rest of my life.
Guiling malaria forest, black clouds hanging white; Welcome to the beautiful future of Dongting with spring scenery and water and sky.
Fang Wei depends on dreams, and acacia is willing to sleep on the pillow; Wandering in the dim light, the clouds seem to be real.
7. "See and Send in Caoxiang County"
Before the mountain was broken, Meiyu Qinghe flowed eastward; Poet, you stand on the bow of the ship in the distance.
Your message poem is like a spring breeze, which arouses my infinite affectionate thoughts; I want to take Shu Pinghua to see you, but you must be busy because of business.
8. "Drinking"
Get up in the morning, with a deep sense of lack of fun, leave your seat and open a bottle of sake.
First, the patriarch who drank wine to make wine was the father who left the wine for me to drive away sadness and boredom.
For an instant, it feels like a world apart, and I feel the excitement between heaven and earth.
The continuous mountains have changed the original quietness, and the green running water contains warm breath.
Outside the south gate is a towering tree.
Shade can cover yourself, and you can chat in the shade all day.
Even if you are drunk, don't refuse. The beautiful grass can be used for us to lie down.
Even those who are richer than Chu Jin may not know the fun of drinking.
9. "Reading"
Thank the world silently and peep at Tang Yu silently.
From ancient times to the present, looking up and down, ups and downs, thousands of kinds.
When you are happy or laugh at yourself, you will feel embarrassed.
Pale green flowers scattered all over the floor, passing by.
Different from the past, the plague disturbed the spiritual building.
At first glance, there is nothing in the text.
Who's talking to you, but it's bamboo.
When you are extremely tired, you will lie down. Being familiar with sleep is a Sue.
I don't stretch my limbs, but I am happy from the heart.
It is better to be proud than to be a Confucian.
The Tao is silent, and the mistress donates prisoners.
Smart people are stupid to me, smart people are stupid to me.
The history of the book is full of complacency, and diligence can make up for it.
You are six feet tall. Don't be driven by fame.
10, West Bureau
For a long time, I was very happy to be an exile in this savage south.
I am now a neighbor of growers and harvesters, and I am a guest of the mountains.
I plow in the morning, turn over the grass with dew, and tie a fishing boat at night to break the quiet stream.
I walked back and forth, hardly meeting anyone, singing long poems and staring at the blue sky.
Jiang Xue 1 1
There are no birds flying over those mountains, and there are no traces of people in those paths.
A boat, a bamboo cloak, fishing alone in the cold snow.
12, fisherman
The fisherman rests on the western hills at night, learns the clear water in the morning, and cooks for firewood.
The sun disappears like a cloud, and the sound of sculls comes from green mountains and green waters.
Looking back, the fishing boat has drifted below the horizon, and white clouds are floating in the mountains, chasing each other.
13, Zaomei
Early plum trees reflect Chu Tianbi.
At night, the north wind blows and smells fragrant, adding a touch of white to the thick frost in the morning.
I want to fold it and send it thousands of miles away, but there is no way to answer the question.
Cold English is on pins and needles, why comfort distant guests?
14, "Going to Longzhou Tower to Send May to Seal Four States"
On the tower at the end of this town, the wilderness began, and our desire reached as far as the ocean or the sky.
The hibiscus flowers beside the moat are swaying in the sudden wind, and the oblique rain is beating the vines on the wall.
We can't see anything beyond 300 miles, except vague Woods and mountains, and there are nine rivers winding in our stomachs.
There are a total of 100 tattoos in Guangdong, and the books of Youzi are lagging behind.
15 "Seeing the Mountain with Master Hao Chu to Send Friends to Beijing"
The sharp mountain by the sea is like a sword, and Qiu Lai cuts his heart everywhere.
If you want to become 100 billion, go to the peak to see your hometown.
16, "Looking at the West Garden in the middle of the night with the bright moon"
Wake up in the middle of the night, hear the heavy dew, and open the door to face the garden in the west of Yuxi.
A Leng Yue is rising in Dongling, and the crystal sound of the air is that the water is flowing against the sparse roots.
The farther away the spring is from the rock, the more you can feel the birds' calls. Birds on the mountain make amazing soul calls from time to time.
I leaned against the pillar of my room until dawn, and I was very lonely. What else can I say?
17, "Autumn Walking South Valley Through Decadence"
In late autumn, the earth is covered with thick frost and dew, and in the morning, I walk in the deep valley.
Yellow leaves of the Yellow River cover the bridge, and an ancient tree is seen in the deserted village.
Cold mountain flowers are scattered alone, and deep stream springs are broken.
I have forgotten my skills for a long time. Why bother the elk?
18, Walking Alone in Yuxi North Pool after Rain
Stop at Zhouzhu, Liming and Guangming Village Pier in Yun Yun.
The tall trees are near the pool, and the night wind scares the rain.
If you are not satisfied with anything, I will be a guest and host.