Music education is one of the contents of children's aesthetic education. The beauty of music art is more easily accepted by children because of its directness, distinctiveness and expressiveness, which is of great significance for cultivating beautiful and kind children. At the same time, music education is also very helpful for children's intellectual development. Two or three years before school, children's hearing is the most sensitive, and it is also the embryonic stage of children's character formation. During this period, children can receive music education systematically, which will be of great help to intelligence, physical and mental health and personality development.
Music is an emotional art. In children's music teaching, teachers should express the emotion of music in order to infect children and arouse their resonance. In children's aesthetic education, music can enhance children's memory, imagination and creativity, and improve children's auditory discrimination and sensitivity? . Simply put, children's music education is to discover and develop children's potential musical ability, cultivate children's interest in music, and guide children to beauty and goodness. Combine children's life with music, let children sing and dance in play, let children feel music personally, keep pace with music in music activities and learn skills; Only by knowing how to appreciate, play and create can music be expressed in music education and influenced by beauty.
(A) the history of preschool teachers' music education in China
After the founding of New China, the development of music education in China has become more and more systematic: from small to large, from less to more, from weak to strong. The same is true of children's music education. 1952 the Ministry of education issued the first unified teaching plan for preschool teachers, which was revised twice 1953 and 1956? . Most of the lesson plans are borrowed from Soviet textbooks. Therefore, the curriculum structure of kindergarten teachers in China has not been established. It was not until 1980 that the Ministry of Education issued the Trial Draft of Kindergarten Teachers' Teaching Plan that China had a relatively systematic teaching plan.
The draft clearly points out: "Music teaching in preschool normal schools is one of the important means of aesthetic education for students, and an important part of implementing the national religious education policy and cultivating students to become qualified preschool teachers with all-round development in morality, intelligence, physique and beauty. It is of special significance to students' physical and mental health, intellectual development, cultivation of noble sentiments and formation of correct aesthetics. "
(B) kindergarten teachers music training problems:
Throughout this era, there are more and more preschool education majors in normal schools. Pre-school education students have a lot to learn, such as art, music, English, piano ... Now we focus on music education. Through the analysis of some network data, we can find that there are some problems in the cultivation of music quality of preschool education students: First, most kindergarten teachers in China come from junior high school students, who are relatively young. The education level of junior high school meets the learning needs of kindergarten teachers, but there is a big gap between music foundation and cultural foundation. Now junior high schools should be protected.
With the enrollment rate, the music class was cancelled. Many preschool teachers have poor foundation and poor habits, not to mention music education. Secondly, music is an art, one of the important fields of humanities and a means to implement aesthetic education. The skills of music need to be understood from the initial stage, practiced repeatedly and mastered skillfully in order to use music well. At present, the teaching methods of children's music are basically single teaching methods, such as "teachers teach, children learn" and "full house irrigation". In the teaching process, only textbooks are taught, and the cultivation of aesthetic ability is not paid attention to. Some preschool teachers learn music theory knowledge mechanically at school, but all of them stay in rote learning, with poor learning transfer ability and poor practical operation ability. Teaching children is limited to their own learning and there is no expansion. Finally, the method of training kindergarten teachers in China is relatively backward and fails to highlight the characteristics of kindergarten teachers. For decades, China has carried out many reforms, but the overall framework is still the same, paying no attention to the practical ability of preschool teachers, the comprehensive quality of music and the creativity of music. For example, a student got a high score when he sang "Anger of the Yellow River" in the vocal examination. During the probation period, he sang "Little Swallow" by the way of going to school in vocal music class, which scared the children to cry. In the teaching plan of preschool education, only pronunciation, reading music and mechanical memory are practiced repeatedly, and the classroom atmosphere is monotonous and lifeless. Graduated kindergarten teachers are full of technical terms in the teaching process, but without technical terms, they don't know how to express them, and teaching lacks individuality. In fact, there are many reasons for this, but the main reason is that the training of kindergarten teachers is unreasonable and divorced from reality.
Third, solve the above problems and improve the music quality of kindergarten teachers (1) As a kindergarten teacher, you must have a strong sense of professionalism and responsibility, a noble professional ethics, a certain personality quality and educational quality, and constantly improve yourself in order to keep pace with the times. Give up the traditional classroom, turn the teacher center into the student center, deepen and understand what you have learned, apply these words to practice, and become friends with your children.
(2) Study hard on music skills. Not only can I sing, dance and play, but also my voice is sweet and my gestures are kind. I really teach with emotion. In music learning, children don't want to learn music theory or music skills. Children hope to get emotion, beauty and goodness from music. The music literacy of preschool teachers is directly related to children's physical and mental development. Therefore, teachers should perform a song perfectly and let children grow up under the influence of music. So we should pay attention to: when singing, the performance should be lively and natural, with affinity and appeal; The musical movements of accompaniment should be vivid, with rhythm as the core, and the expression of music should be complete and prominent; When playing musical instruments, you should be skilled and affectionate.
(3) Enjoy music more. Children like music only if they are interested. If children want to like music, then teachers themselves should like music and know something about different music. To do this, kindergarten teachers should be more exposed to all kinds of music works, listen carefully, read more music materials, understand the direction of music and speculate on the development direction of music, so as to better understand the charm of music, listen more and remember more to better express music, thus enriching emotions and moving children more.
(4) Interest is the best teacher. Kindergarten teachers should cultivate their interest in music, which is the positive energy of learning music. Whether children can generate and develop their interest in music is usually influenced by teachers. If the teacher likes music very much, then his students will also have a strong interest in music. On the contrary, the teacher's attitude towards music is indifferent, and it is difficult for his students to be interested in music. Therefore, in addition to studying and practicing hard, kindergarten teachers must also take attitudes and words seriously and use their words and deeds to stimulate and cultivate children's interest in music.
(5) Enhance the accuracy of hearing and cultivate the sense of music. For music performances, the key to inaccurate singing is inaccurate listening. Children want to learn to sing, and without proper guidance, they will be led astray. Then, as a kindergarten teacher, in order to solve the pitch problem, we should first pay attention to training, have a pair of sensitive ears and establish a correct scale. Many preschool teachers and students majoring in preschool education will find many mistakes in the learning process because they missed the best opportunity to practice their ears. Therefore, we should make great efforts to correct it, try our best to explore our musical potential and mobilize all our senses to understand the sound. There is a good (6) way to practice listening: First, let yourself have a music space. Listen to more music, appreciate it with your heart and persist for a long time; Secondly, the piano has a wide range and strong expressive force, and it is a good tool for practicing ears. Combining the piano with solfeggio and playing while singing will definitely have an effect.
(7) Schools use scientific methods to strengthen the comprehensive ability of music in training. Students majoring in preschool education are not pianists or singers in music, but qualified preschool teachers with innovative spirit and high quality. Therefore, kindergarten teachers should attach importance to students' sensibility and appreciation of music in music teaching. Schools should cultivate talents in this field by scientific methods. First of all, we should cultivate the ability of singing, including whether the voice is harmonious, whether the words are clear and whether the emotional expression is in place. Vocal music teaching of preschool teachers should pay attention to students' correct vocalization and protect their own voices, so that students can teach better after graduation without making too many mistakes. Children's voice is the most beautiful and pure voice in the world. Second, pay attention to the ability to play. Piano (accordion) is the basic skill of preschool teachers, and it is also a teaching tool for work after graduation. For students who have no foundation, how to learn the piano well in a short time? The author thinks that we should master the correct playing posture and pay attention to basic training. Play a certain number of etudes and music to make the basic skills more solid.
1. Wang Yiying: Theory and Practice of Music Education for Preschool Children/Beijing Normal University Press, 2004.
2. Liu Xia: "On the cultivation of preschool teachers' musical quality" in Popular Literature, 20 12, 12.
3. Gold: Music Education for Preschool Children/East China Normal University Press, 2008
4. Xu Zhuoya: Preschool Children's Music Education/People's Education Press, 200 1 5. Zhang Qian and Wang Ciyi: Fundamentals of Music Aesthetics/People's Music Publishing House, 2002.