Keywords current situation of food quality and safety; Measures; Food quality and safety supervision
Food is the basic material for human survival and the most basic necessity in people's life. Without food, everyone can't live and live. Nowadays, food safety has become a "big worry" for consumers in China, which is related to the health and safety of consumers and even the next generation, and is one of the most important threats to public health at present. Therefore, paying attention to food safety has become an important aspect to measure people's quality of life, social management level and national legal system construction. In the face of frequent major food quality and safety incidents, the government established the Food and Drug Administration and issued the Decision of the State Council on Further Strengthening Food Safety. However, this has not reversed the chaotic situation of food safety management. From the outbreak of Sanlu milk powder incident in 2008 to gutter oil, Sudan red, plasticizer, cadmium rice and poison capsules, a series of food safety incidents have constantly touched the nerves of Chinese people, and food safety issues have become the focus of social attention.
1 Status of Food Quality and Safety in China
With the rapid development of industry and agriculture and the acceleration of urbanization in China, a large number of toxic and harmful substances such as waste gas and garbage produced by industry and cities have infiltrated into the soil, resulting in excessive toxic and metal contents in the soil, which has seriously affected the quality and safety of food. In addition, human behavior that does not meet the safety standards in the process of food planting and breeding also increases the risk of food quality and safety. Mainly in the following aspects:
Food-borne poisoning 1. 1
Food-borne enteritis and food-borne diseases caused by viruses and parasites have become one of the important factors leading to food quality and safety problems.
1.2 food pollution problem
Use of a large number of pesticides, fertilizers, growth promoters, etc. In the process of planting and breeding, especially pesticides banned by the state are potential factors affecting people's health.
1.3 food processing is not strictly in accordance with the standard process requirements.
At present, many enterprises overuse additives, or even illegally add them beyond the scope, which has caused food quality and safety problems. For example, pickles pickled with illegal industrial salt in Pengzhou, Sichuan, Shanxi mature vinegar pickled with non-edible glacial acetic acid, Sudan Red Incident and poisonous bean sprouts caused a lot of trouble. In addition, new technologies and new processes have brought new food quality problems, such as genetic modification.
1.4 Problems in food circulation
At present, the standard of food storage, transportation and container is the weak link of food quality and safety, which leads to many fresh-keeping and quality-guaranteed products becoming spoiled food in circulation.
1.5 illegal production and operation
In production and operation, a large number of illegal production and operation behaviors, such as using inferior raw materials to process, adding non-food raw materials and poisoning food, seriously lead to food quality and safety and really threaten people's health.
2 factors leading to food quality and safety
2. 1 The food quality and safety inspection system needs to be improved.
Mainly reflected in, first of all, the functions of relevant technical departments are chaotic, the division of responsibilities is unclear, and there are repeated supervision and omissions. Secondly, there is a lack of corresponding food quality and safety testing system.
2.2 food quality inspection standards are not uniform
At present, there are many kinds of standards for quality inspection in China, including national standards and non-mandatory standards. In addition, there are industry standards formulated and issued by various industries, as well as local standards formulated and issued by relevant local governments at all levels. In addition, many of these standards are outdated and inapplicable, and there are differences in content between them. So it brought trouble to the quality inspection.
2.3 the government's ineffective law enforcement
Frequent food safety incidents, the deeper reason is that the government's regulatory rules and functions in the food quality and safety market are not perfect. For example, the current laws and regulations on food quality and safety are lagging behind, and food quality and safety are supervised by multiple departments at the same time, which leads to the confusion and disconnection of poor supervision, the lack of institutionalization in the process of food quality and safety law enforcement, and the ineffective punishment in law enforcement, which tends to treat the headache and treat the foot, and does not grasp the source control, which directly leads to the decline of food quality and safety, and it is difficult to completely solve food safety problems.
3. Relevant measures to improve food quality and safety
3. 1 Improve the whole process supervision from food production to sales.
Strengthen the comprehensive prevention ability of food quality and safety, improve the whole process supervision mode, establish early warning system, traceability system, detection system and emergency system, and promote the adoption of food quality and safety access system, food quality and safety certification system, food recall system and food quality and safety database.
3.2 Continuously strengthen supervision, examination and post-certification inspection, and continuously improve the effectiveness of supervision.
The market access mechanism of food quality and safety established in China aims to supervise and manage food quality and safety from the source, standardize the production and operation of food production enterprises and ensure food quality and safety. Therefore, as a food quality and safety supervision and management personnel, in order to ensure the effectiveness of the work, it is necessary to supervise and review the issuance of food production licenses of enterprises, review the responsibility assessment system and accountability system to be implemented, especially deal with violations in the certification review resolutely and seriously, and improve the scientific rationality of certification. On this basis, we should do a good job in the post-certification inspection and continue to strengthen it. Effectively reduce the occurrence of food quality and safety accidents from the source.
3.3 Establish and improve the food quality and safety inspection system.
1) As an important part of food quality and safety inspection, the food quality and safety inspection system is also a strong support and an important technical guarantee, which plays a very important role in alleviating the endless food quality and safety problems in the current food market. Improve the establishment of food quality and safety inspection system and strictly control technology; Clear tasks and strengthen countermeasures; Strengthen the innovation of inspection mechanism and inspection technology; Establish a perfect target responsibility system for food quality and safety inspectors. 2) Pay attention to the key and difficult points of inspection. First, focus on inspection of key products, and second, focus on monitoring key food production enterprises. Third, strictly control the key links in food production. 3) Pay attention to the improvement of the comprehensive quality of food quality inspectors. In accordance with the relevant laws and the requirements of higher authorities, formulate strict inspection operation system. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the regular training of professional operation skills of quality inspectors and strive to improve their sense of responsibility for food quality and safety. After the training, strict examination should be conducted according to the training results, and corresponding reward and punishment measures should be taken to improve the enthusiasm of inspectors.
3.4 Strengthen risk assessment, establish and improve the food safety risk management system and implement it.
Food quality and safety supervision and management must carry out risk assessment. However, there are still some shortcomings in this respect in China at present. Therefore, the establishment and improvement of food safety risk management system has become the primary premise of risk assessment management. Therefore, as food quality and safety supervision and management personnel, we must do a good job in the following aspects: first, do a good job in risk assessment of food in the market, so as to better understand and master the possible risks brought by food processing; Second, according to the high risk factor
Establish smooth supervision, strengthen risk comparison, focus on videos with high risk coefficient and easy to cause food quality and safety accidents, reduce the frequency of food inspection and supervision with low risk in combination with reality, improve the scientific rationality and efficiency of supervision and inspection, and maximize the use of limited supervision resources; Third, strengthen risk monitoring and assessment, regularly check the effectiveness of risk rating and practical measures, and comprehensively review the risk management system according to actual needs to ensure that food quality and safety supervision is always in a high-level operation state; Fourth, strengthen communication with relevant departments and institutions, and jointly establish a systematic, smooth and efficient monitoring information network to ensure that the most comprehensive and accurate information on public health events can be obtained in the shortest time, so as to start corresponding emergency methods and treatment measures, minimize the impact, and achieve the goal of maximum and effective supervision of food quality and safety. 3.5 Increase penalties for illegal acts.
1) Vigorously carry out food counterfeiting activities. According to local conditions, we will implement supervision and spot checks, further broaden the coverage of spot checks on enterprises and products, and increase the intensity and frequency of spot checks. Major food quality and safety problems found should be reported in a timely manner, and illegal enterprises should be exposed, punished and reviewed, and ordered to make rectification within a time limit, so that illegal enterprises can pay their due prices. 2) Constantly improve the complaint reporting channels and systems. Complaints and reports are an important source of information to investigate and deal with illegal acts of food enterprises, because in order to improve the efficiency of food quality and safety supervision and management and ensure the food safety of the people, it is necessary to improve the channels and systems of complaints and reports. Only by constantly expanding channels and perfecting the system can the credibility be improved. Relying on the strength of the broad masses of the people, the shameful behavior of counterfeiters will be made public, especially the public opinion and supervision power of modern developed online media and traditional news media such as TV stations, radio stations and newspapers will be used to release the results of counterfeiting in time, objectively and truly report the counterfeit enterprises or individuals, guide the whole society to pay attention to food quality and safety issues, and establish a good sense of consumption. At the same time, we should also set up a special reporting line to deal with reports and complaints received in a timely and effective manner, increase the intensity of follow-up visits, mobilize the enthusiasm of the broad masses of people, constantly improve institutional measures such as rewards and confidentiality, and go deep into the community to carry out publicity lectures on food quality identification skills and knowledge, so that the broad masses of people have the most basic ability to distinguish and good safety awareness.
3.6 Establish and improve the food quality and safety early warning system.
The establishment of food quality and safety early warning system can make a positive response and early warning to the national food safety situation. At the same time, it can effectively strengthen the monitoring of food circulation, production and processing, and realize early detection, early control and early treatment of food quality and safety problems through the establishment of this system.
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