Basic introduction of Chinese name: classless teaching: Analects of Confucius and Wei Linggong grammar: compact; Be a host, make decisions and be a guest; Interpretation with praise: No matter who can be educated, explain 1, explain 2, source, allusions, explain 1, no matter who can be educated, some people will not be excluded from education because of rich and poor, ignorance of good and evil and other reasons. Example: His teaching has a special place, that is, "there is no class in teaching". -Zhu Ziqing's "Talking about Ten Philosophers Often" explains that "teaching without classes" means that people are "having classes" by nature. For example, some are smart and some are stupid; Some are filial and some are corrupt. But through education, these differences can be eliminated. This is the so-called "teaching without class", or "teaching without class" for short. To understand what is "teaching without class", we must first understand the sentence pattern of "A without B". This sentence pattern has four meanings in Chinese: first, there is only a, but there is no b, such as foolhardy, nominal; Second, there is a, and there is nothing that is not A(B), such as an increase and worse; Third, there is both a and no a, if intentionally or unintentionally, one build and one build; Fourth, there is no B if there is A, such as being prepared and fearless. What kind of "teaching without class" belongs to? The first one is wrong. Because teaching and class are two opposites of contradiction, unlike courage and strategy, fame and reality. The second one is wrong, for the same reason. The third is even more wrong. There is only the fourth option, that is, "there is no B if there is A". For example, there is no worry if you are prepared, and there is no fear if you are supported. Similarly, if you teach, there are no classes. Through education, the original differences between people can be eliminated. This is the so-called "teaching without class", or "teaching without class" for short. It can be seen that "teaching without class" is the result of education, not the premise. This view was put forward by Mr. Xie Zhibin in the literature and history article of 1 1 No.989. The source comes from The Analects of Confucius Wei Linggong: Confucius said, "There are no classes in teaching." Allusions in the Western Zhou Dynasty, * * * set up two categories: national studies and rural studies. Chinese studies are divided into two levels: university and primary school, while rural studies are often called "township", "Xu", "learning" and "technique". The Book of Rites records that "the primary school is in the south of the palace, the university is in the suburbs, the emperor calls it Bi Yong, and the princes call it Pan Gong". In the early Western Zhou Dynasty, due to frequent wars, school education was mainly military. In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, the political power was stable, and people began to pay attention to cultural education. At that time, the university mainly studied etiquette, music, shooting and books, while the primary school studied more basic knowledge of six arts. At this time, the education is still dominated by aristocratic education, and it is difficult for civilians to enter government-run schools. In the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, wars were frequent, and ceremonies collapsed and music broke down. The king of Zhou lost control of the whole country, and the unified system of the whole country began to collapse, and the governors began to be the political side. In order to cultivate their own talents, governors have set up their own official schools, which are called "East Palace". At this time, the object of education is no longer limited to the nobility. In order to enrich talents, some capable civilians have also been absorbed and trained by official schools. Confucianism, represented by Confucius, also rose in the same period. Confucius himself also agreed to expand the scope of educational objects. At the same time, he also pointed out that education is an important means to educate people, enhance national strength and maintain the stability of governance. Therefore, he believes that education should not be limited to people with potential and training value, but should be extended to all citizens. Therefore, he himself actively promoted private schools, believing that this would give anyone who wanted to study a chance for education. Therefore, before Confucius "learned to be an official", only aristocratic children had the right to receive education, so only aristocratic children were qualified to be an official. In the Confucius era, social politics, economy, culture and education were all moving down, which provided opportunities for private schools. Confucius seized this opportunity and started his career of establishing private schools, hoping to train "talents" and officials through education and realize his political thoughts. On the issue of educational objects, Confucius clearly put forward the idea of "teaching without distinction". "Education without distinction" means that foreigners, regardless of nobility, common people, national boundaries and China people, can attend school and receive education as long as they are willing to study. Confucius' 3,000 disciples came from Shandong, Qi, Jin, Song, Chen, Cai, Qin, Chu and other different countries, which not only broke the national boundaries at that time, but also broke the distinction between Yi and Xia at that time. Confucius absorbed Chu people, Gong Sunlong and Qin merchants who were regarded as "barbarian countries" by Central Plains people, and wanted to live and teach in "Jiuyi", which fully reflected Confucius' educational proposition. Confucius' disciples came from noble classes, such as Nangong, Sima Niu and Meng. Many of them came from civilian families, such as Yan Hui, Zeng Shen, Min Ziqian, Zhong Gong, Zhou Gong, Chang Gong and Zi Gong. And civilian education can better reflect the spiritual essence of Confucius' "teaching without class". The theoretical basis of Confucius' thought of "teaching without class" is his theory that all beings are good. Confucius said: Sex is similar, but learning is far away. "Sexual similarity" shows that everyone has the possibility of becoming a virtuous person, and "learning far" shows the importance of implementing education. It is based on the understanding that "everyone can become a virtue through education" that Confucius came to the conclusion that "education has no class". Confucianism believes that people can be gods and gods. Confucianism believes that man, after all, has the possibility of embodying the best, connecting with God and integrating heaven and man. Mencius believes that everyone can think of Yao and Shun; Human nature is good, like water. Everyone has a natural good side, and with this kind side, they can become virtuous and holy. Xunzi believes that people on the road can do things for themselves. Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism's road to self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world is finally to hand over the management of the state and organizations to saints. According to Lu Wang's theory of mind and nature, "the universe is my heart, and my heart is the universe", and "the heart is reason, and there is nothing outside the heart". After Buddhism was introduced into China, under the influence of China traditional culture, it absorbed Confucianism and developed the idea of equality of all beings with China characteristics. The implementation of the idea of "teaching without class" has expanded the social foundation of education and the source of talents, and played a positive role in improving the quality of all members of society. Therefore, Confucius' thought of "teaching without class" has epoch-making significance in the history of educational development. In modern society, especially after the 20th century, education has become the need and shared right of all citizens, and the universality and universality of education are more distinct and sufficient.