This major cultivates the basic knowledge and skills of archaeology, understands the interdisciplinary development trend of archaeology and the general situation of world archaeology development, and is familiar with the development history and research status of archaeology in China. Senior archaeological professionals who have received basic training in China history, world history, museology and paleoanthropology and can engage in research, teaching and management in archaeological, cultural relics, museums and other units and state organs.

First, the professional basic situation

1, culture target

This major trains senior professionals with basic knowledge and skills of archaeology and the potential for further study, as well as senior archaeological professionals who can engage in practical work such as research, teaching and management in institutions and state organs such as archaeology, cultural relics and museums.

2. Training requirements

Students in this major mainly study the basic theories, methods and skills of archaeology, understand the interdisciplinary development trend of archaeology and the development of world archaeology, and be familiar with the development history and research status of archaeology in China. He has received basic training in China history, world history, museology, cultural anthropology, ethnology, ancient Chinese, historical materials, geography, Quaternary environmental science and paleoanthropology. Graduates should have the following knowledge and abilities:

Master the basic principles of Marxism and the basic theories, knowledge, methods and skills of archaeology;

◆ Be able to engage in field archaeological excavation, sorting out and writing archaeological reports;

Master museum management skills;

Master the basic methods and means of literature retrieval and information query;

◆ Understand the most important theoretical frontiers and development trends of archaeology at home and abroad;

Have the preliminary ability to engage in archaeological and historical research.

3. Main disciplines

History.

Step 4: Main course

General History of China, Ancient World History, Archaeology of China, Introduction to Archaeology, Paleolithic Archaeology, Neolithic Archaeology, Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties, Three Kingdoms, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Song and Yuan Dynasties, Introduction to Museology, Theory of Cultural Relics, Archaeological Drawing, Introduction to Field Archaeology, etc.

Step 5 try teaching

Teaching practice is arranged for 3-5 months.

6. Study time

Four years.

7. Degree situation

Bachelor of history.

8. Related majors

History, Museology, Ethnology.

9, the original professional name

Archaeology.

Second, the professional comprehensive introduction

Archaeology is an important part of historical science and belongs to the field of humanities. Archaeology has made a unique contribution to exploring the long history and splendid culture of China and foreign countries by studying the physical materials left by ancient humans.

Archaeology originated in modern Europe and was introduced to China in the 1920s. For the first time, Mr. Liang Siyong used scientific excavation methods to determine the chronological relationship among Yangshao culture, Longshan culture and Yin culture in Anyang site, Henan Province, marking the formal progress of archaeology in China. After the founding of New China, the Cultural Relics Bureau was established in the Ministry of Culture (later changed to National Cultural Heritage Administration directly under the State Council), and cultural relics management committees were established in various places to take charge of archaeological work. Over the past 20 years of reform and opening up, with the rapid development of economy, the state has increased its investment in archaeology, especially a series of large-scale rescue archaeological excavations, such as those in the Three Gorges reservoir area, to cooperate with infrastructure construction. Archaeology gradually unveiled her mysterious veil and went to the public. Various media have also increased the publicity of archaeology. CCTV has broadcast live the Han Tomb in Laoshan Mountain, Beijing, and the underwater archaeology in Fuxian Lake, Yunnan, which has caused great repercussions at home and abroad. The field of archaeological research has also been greatly expanded. In addition to continuing to improve China's archaeological system, the research on architecture, art, music, astronomy, earthquakes and other aspects is gradually closely linked with archaeological work. A multidisciplinary cooperation system with archaeological research as the core has been formed.

Archaeology, as a rigorous discipline, has its own special research methods. Its research object is physical data. Most of these physical data are buried underground, and only by using stratigraphic methods for scientific excavation can they be collected systematically and completely, which is the basis and the first step of archaeological research. Then, the typology principle is used to extract all kinds of information contained in the physical data and verify it with the literature, so as to restore human history and explain the general laws existing in the development of human history.

In order to train more archaeological professionals, at present, more than ten universities in China have set up archaeological majors or departments, established a perfect education and training system from undergraduate to postdoctoral, and enrolled students nationwide. The academic system is four years, and I graduated with a bachelor's degree in history. In addition to the basic courses such as General History of China, General History of World Ancient Archaeology, Principles of Stratigraphy and Principles of Typology, the undergraduate course will also focus on the courses of dating archaeology from Paleolithic Age to Song and Yuan Dynasties, so that students can master the archaeological cultures in different periods and places, and finally form a complete archaeological system in their minds. At the same time, he systematically studied professional skills such as field archaeological methods, archaeological drawings and archaeological photography. In addition, the practice of field archaeology and indoor arrangement, ranging from two months to one semester, enables students to walk to the front line of archaeology, and have the opportunity to discover ancient human remains in caves, reveal Neolithic villages along the river, visit the capital of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, find traces of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, inspect the great achievements of the Qin and Han empires, clean up the tombs of the Six Dynasties, witness the splendor of Sui and Tang Dynasties, and appreciate the treasures of Song and Yuan Dynasties ... When will they sleep underground for hundreds of years?

Graduates can choose to continue their studies or take up jobs according to their interests and specialties. Due to the current shortage of archaeological professionals in China, all units are waiting for archaeologists. You can go to government functional departments to engage in cultural relics management; You can also go to archaeological institutes and museums for field excavation and cultural relics research; You can also go to the press and publication department and the education department to report archaeological discoveries, publicize archaeological knowledge and arouse the awareness of cultural relics protection of the whole people; Customs also needs archaeologists to help identify cultural relics and prevent national treasures from being lost overseas.

Archaeological professional code: 060 103.

Third, the development and status of vocational education

Archaeology has a long history, but it didn't develop into a science until modern times. Modern archaeology first appeared in Europe around the middle of19th century, and then gradually spread all over the world. As early as the Renaissance in Europe, people began to pay attention to ancient artifacts, and later the study of ancient artifacts was the predecessor of modern archaeology.

The predecessor of archaeology in China is epigraphy since the Northern Song Dynasty, which is similar to the study of ancient artifacts in Europe. However, it was not until the 1920s that modern archaeology based on field investigation and excavation appeared in China. Representative archaeological excavations include Zhoukoudian ape-man site in Beijing and Yinxu site in Anyang, Henan.

Peking University is the earliest institution of archaeology in China. 1922 1, Peking University Archaeological Science was established, with Shen Jianshi as the director and the director of Archaeological Research Institute. In addition, the Institute of History and Language of Academia Sinica, which was then located in Nanjing, was a modern academic research institution in China. Before the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), it was the unit engaged in the most field archaeological excavations.

The early influential figures in archaeology are Wang Guowei, Guo Moruo, Xia Nai, Huang and Liang Siyong. Most of these famous scholars have worked in Peking University Institute of Archaeology or Institute of History and Language of Academia Sinica.

In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, there were few institutions with archaeology major, mainly including the archaeology major of Peking University History Department, the Institute of Archaeology of China Academy of Sciences, and the Institute of vertebrate paleontology and Paleoanthropology of Chinese Academy of Sciences. The number of students enrolled is also small, and the total number of undergraduate and graduate students enrolled nationwide is only nearly 100 each year. The early representatives were Guo Moruo, Xia Nai, Yan Wenru, Pei Wenzhong, Jia Lanpo, Su, Su Bai, Lv Zuen, Li Heyu. Representative achievements include: Bai Sha Song Tomb by Su Bai, Shaogou Han Tomb by Luoyang Archaeological Team of the Institute of Archaeology, China Academy of Sciences, Jinzhongdu and the Site of Hantangcheng by Yan Wenru, Paleolithic Age by Lu Zuen, Overview of Wazu Pottery Making in Yunnan by Li, and Investigation of Youcheng by Yu, etc.

1966 Since the Cultural Revolution, the teaching, research and field excavation of archaeology have been greatly damaged and impacted. Archaeological majors in universities all over the country began to stop enrolling students. Most college teachers have gone to the countryside to participate in labor reform. Some schools began to recruit students in the early 1970s, and the number of students enrolled was lower than that in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, and most of them were recommended and selected by workers, peasants and soldiers. However, there are also many important discoveries in this period, such as the Western Han Tomb of Mawangdui in Changsha, Hunan Province, and the Tomb of Wang Zhongshan Liu Sheng in Mancheng County, Hebei Province. There are more than enough representatives, and Li. Representative achievements include "Land Reclamation of Lacquerware Unearthed from Mawangdui No.1 Han Tomb" and "On Weng Coffin Burial in Yangshao Culture" by Li.

Worldwide, most developed countries and countries with a long history and cultural tradition have set up special research institutions or set up archaeological courses in universities. In some developed countries in Europe and America, many universities have departments of archaeology or anthropology (mainly studying the origin of ancient humans and the origin of civilization), and the development of archaeology is also full and in-depth, and the theories and methods of archaeology have also been greatly developed and extended. At present, the archaeological education in all countries in the world has been very systematic, and it is gradually moving towards the information road with the purpose of sharing resources and strengthening exchanges. At the same time, the trend of the intersection of arts and sciences is becoming more and more obvious, and science and technology are increasingly used by archaeology, forming a new field combining science and technology with archaeology, such as remote sensing archaeology, carbon dating, DNA analysis, composition analysis and so on.

After the reform and opening up, the country's economic construction has entered an unprecedented period of rapid development. With the development of large-scale capital construction, more and more ancient cultural relics have been discovered, which objectively promoted the development of archaeology. In addition, the state pays more and more attention to the protection of cultural heritage, and has promulgated the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on the Protection of Cultural Relics, which has gradually expanded the setting and enrollment scale of cultural relics and archaeology. At present, more than a dozen universities in China, including Peking University, Fudan University, Nankai University, Nanjing University, Jilin University, Shandong University, Northwest University, Xiamen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Sichuan University and Zhengzhou University, have set up archaeology majors, and the total number of undergraduates and postgraduates trained each year is over 400. In addition, the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences also recruits graduate students. The level of talents trained in archaeology is very complete, and there are all academic levels. Famous archaeologists Su Bai, Zou Heng, Yu Yu and Zhang Zhongpei are still teaching in various institutions. With the general trend of national development, the curriculum of archaeology is too narrow. Therefore, many scholars of the older generation increasingly advocate adjusting majors and focusing on the development of large majors, that is, cultivating talents involved in all aspects.

Nowadays, international archaeological education is very popular, the professional setting is more and more reasonable, and the enrollment scale is gradually expanding. For example, the Archaeological Department of Cairo University in Egypt recruits more than 500 people every year. At present, international archaeological research mainly focuses on the exploration of human origin and migration, the emergence of ancient civilizations, the relationship between major ancient civilizations and comparative research.

Archaeology, as a new discipline, has only been born for more than a century, but its eternal vitality since its birth can not be ignored. As far as domestic social needs are concerned, archaeological talents are absolutely indispensable. China has a long history and cultural tradition, and a large number of cultural heritages. With the in-depth development of reform and opening up and social progress, people's economic and cultural living standards have been greatly improved, and more and more people have begun to care for and protect these ancient cultural relics. With the development of economy, the state's investment in cultural undertakings has also increased greatly; In addition, China's exchanges and cooperation with other countries in the world are getting deeper and wider, and China's culture is unique among the nations in the world, which inevitably makes cultural exchanges more important. The cultural relics unearthed in the past century have attracted worldwide attention. The existence of these factors will make archaeology get greater development, and at the same time, more power is needed to invest in archaeological work.

Fourth, professional employment data analysis

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Professional Employment Situation and Trend

From the employment direction, the employment of archaeology major is mainly concentrated in various teaching and scientific research units and related fields of the cultural and cultural system, such as the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and its excavation and archaeological teams established throughout the country; Research institutions or centers of institutions of higher learning; Research institutes and museums of cultural relics and archaeology in various provinces and cities throughout the country. In addition, with the emergence of interdisciplinary and emerging disciplines, many related research fields also need a large number of archaeological talents, such as ancient Chinese characters, ancient documents, art history, art history, history and other fields.

In recent years, the antique market is in the ascendant, with many auction houses, auction companies and cultural companies. It is also an important employment channel. Here is more about the identification of cultural relics. Management talents are needed in every field, and so are cultures and cultural systems. China's heritage is very rich, and the work done by archaeologists is only a part of it. Cultural relics are unearthed every day all over the country, and grave robbery is also very serious. These all need management: the management of cultural relics leaving the country also needs professionals; In addition, the publishing house needs many editors with archaeological knowledge. In recent years, the number of students employed in publishing houses has gradually increased.

The state has many policies and regulations on the employment of archaeological professionals, encouraging graduates to work at the grassroots level, taking part in field archaeological excavations and sorting out a large number of unearthed cultural relics. Due to the steady work of graduates, many influential newcomers have emerged in the field of archaeology. Most of them first engaged in basic excavation work and conducted research on this basis, thus achieving remarkable results.

Archaeological graduates in employment, on the one hand, should pay attention to participate in practice before employment, so that they can have the qualities that a graduate should have, on the other hand, they should learn to get along with others and have team spirit.

Due to social and historical reasons, graduates majoring in archaeology will encounter some people's incomprehension when they are employed, which brings many difficulties to employment, but the overall employment prospects are still very optimistic. The income of graduates who have been employed, the overall situation is also at the middle level of society.

Now with the deepening of archaeological work and the support of the state for cultural relics work, the employment situation of archaeological specialty is getting better and better.

With the gradual expansion of the team of cultural and cultural system, the demand for archaeological professionals is increasing. With the progress of society, the strengthening of interdisciplinary and the broadening of employment channels, many fields related to archaeology will also need archaeological professionals, and the employment path of archaeological graduates will be wider and wider.

According to different goals and choices after graduation.

Determined to make academic achievements, you can choose relevant positions in universities and research institutes;

If you are interested in business fighting, you can consider auction houses or various cultural relics stores;

If you have enough keen observation and identification ability, you can also try the work of customs cultural relics identification, and the income is largely linked to performance.

Distribution of intransitive verbs colleges (part)

Northwest University Shanxi University Zhengzhou University Peking University Jilin University Nanjing University Xiamen University Shandong University Wuhan University Sun Yat-sen University Sichuan University