Service outsourcing refers to an economic activity that enterprises separate the basic, common and non-core IT business and IT-based business processes originally provided by themselves in the value chain and outsource them to external professional service providers. Therefore, service outsourcing should be based on information network technology, and its service work (including business and business process) should be completed by computer operation and delivered by modern communication means, so that enterprises can reduce costs and enhance core competitiveness by reorganizing value chain and optimizing resource allocation.
1. Definition of service outsourcing by Chinese government network
1. 1 information technology outsourcing service
1. 1. 1 software development and outsourcing
Scope of application of categories
Software development and
Development services are applied to finance, government, education, manufacturing, retail, service, energy, logistics and transportation, media, telecommunications, public utilities and medical and health industries, and provide software development, customized software development, embedded software, package software development and system software development software testing for users' operations/production/supply chain/customer relations/human resources and financial management, computer-aided design/engineering and other businesses.
Software technical services Software consulting, maintenance, training, testing and other technical services.
1. 1.2 IT R&D service outsourcing
Scope of application of categories
Integrated circuit design, integrated circuit product design and related technical support services.
Provide e-commerce platform, provide information platform for e-commerce service, etc.
This test platform provides a test platform for the development and application of software and integrated circuits.
1. 1.3 information system operation and maintenance outsourcing
Scope of application of categories
Information system operation
And maintenance services: customer internal information system integration, network management, desktop management and maintenance services; Information system application services such as information engineering, geographic information system and remote maintenance.
Basic information
Technical services Basic information technology services, such as integrated information technology management platform (IT infrastructure management, data center, hosting center, security service, communication service, etc.). )
1.2 Technology Business Process Outsourcing Service (BPO)
Scope of application of categories
Enterprise business process
Design services provide internal management, business operation and other process design services for client enterprises.
Enterprise internal management
Database services provide customers with services such as background management, human resource management, finance, audit and tax management, financial payment services, medical data and other internal management services, data analysis, data mining, data management and data use; Undertake professional data processing, analysis and integration services for customers.
Enterprise operation
Database services provide technology research and development services for customer enterprises, and provide application customer analysis, database management and other services for enterprise management, sales and after-sales service. It mainly includes financial services, government affairs and education, manufacturing and life sciences, retail and wholesale and transportation, medical care, communication and public utilities, and call centers.
The database service of enterprise supply chain management provides customers with the overall scheme design and database service of procurement and logistics.
1.3 technical knowledge process outsourcing (KPO)
application area
Intellectual property research, pharmaceutical biotechnology research and development and testing, product technology research and development, industrial design, analysis and data mining, animation and online game design and development, educational courseware research and development, engineering design and other fields.
Second, why do developed countries outsource services?
1. is the key to the competition between general technology and core technology. Enterprises outsource the production and services of general technology, develop core technologies and maximize their competitiveness.
2. The competitive region has changed from regional to global. Enterprises must use foreign resources to maintain and expand their share in the global market, and service outsourcing has become an effective model.
3. The rapid development of information technology provides a technical basis for service outsourcing. With the development of information technology, especially network technology, service outsourcing has become a reality.
4. It is the impulse to minimize the cost and maximize the profit of enterprises that provides a powerful driving force for service outsourcing. In terms of short-term benefits, service outsourcing companies can save 20%-40% of operating costs. Southern Jiangsu has entered the late stage of industrialization. Under the constraints of resources and environmental pressure, low-end manufacturing industry is unsustainable. We must develop high-end, modern and advanced service industries at the same time to realize "two-wheel drive" and interactive development.
Third, the economic role of service outsourcing industry.
The development of service outsourcing is conducive to improving the technical level and service level of service industry, promoting the internationalization and export of service industry, thus promoting the development of modern service industry. Its specific role in the economy is as follows:
1 is conducive to the upgrading of industrial structure. Undertaking outsourcing services can increase the proportion of service industry in GDP, improve industrial structure, save energy consumption and reduce environmental pollution. Service outsourcing industry is an important part of modern high-end service industry, which has the characteristics of high carrying capacity of information technology, high added value and low resource consumption. Undertaking service outsourcing plays an important role in promoting the development of service industry and industrial structure adjustment. It can create conditions to promote the upgrading of manufacturing-oriented economy to service-oriented economy and promote the intensive development of growth mode.
2. It is conducive to changing the growth mode of foreign trade and forming new export support points. Undertaking outsourcing services can expand the export income of service trade. In recent years, China's foreign trade export has developed steadily, but at the same time it has encountered many problems. For example, the adjustment of export tax rebate policy, more and more restrictions on foreign trade, more and more trade frictions, and the increasing RMB exchange rate make it more and more difficult to maintain sustained and rapid growth. The development of service outsourcing, because of its low dependence on resource costs and weak external restrictions, has room for rapid growth and is expected to become a new driving force for export growth.
3. It is conducive to improving the level of foreign capital utilization and optimizing the structure of foreign capital. China's manufacturing industry has a history of more than 20 years and has made great progress. With the continuous development of economy, all cities will face or have faced the realistic problems of energy resources shortage and limited land capacity. According to relevant information disclosure, there are many foreign-funded secondary production projects in China 15 sub-provincial cities, but it is difficult to settle down. Even the tertiary industry projects will face difficulties in the future due to the state's restrictions on real estate projects. However, service outsourcing projects have low requirements on land resources, and once foreign investors have investment intentions, the probability of settlement will be much higher than that of secondary production projects. The focus of China's next round of opening to the outside world is the service industry, and the international transfer of the service industry is mainly achieved through service outsourcing. By undertaking the service outsourcing industry, we can gradually transfer the international advanced service industry, thus optimizing the structure of utilizing foreign capital, which is more suitable for the harmonious development of urban economy.
4. It is conducive to improving the employment rate of college students. Since 1980s, the proportion of employment absorbed by service industry in social labor force has increased year by year. As the driving force of modern service industry, service outsourcing will create a large number of jobs and ease the employment pressure of intellectuals, especially college students. It is predicted that by 20 10, offshore service outsourcing will create about 100000 direct and 3 million indirect stable high-quality employment opportunities for China. Compared with other manufacturing industries, IT services and IT-related services are typical high-income industries. At the same time, it will also drive the government, universities and enterprises to strengthen personnel training, improve the quality of the labor force, and train a group of talents who are proficient in English, master the world's cutting-edge technology and have extensive contact with overseas markets.
Four, the classification and content of service outsourcing
Information technology outsourcing (ITO) and business process outsourcing (BPO)
information technology outsourcing (ITO)
System operation service: processing and integrating bank data, credit card data, various insurance data, insurance claim data, medical/physical examination data, tax data and legal data (including information).
System application services: information engineering and process design, management information system services, remote maintenance, etc.
Basic technical services: undertaking technical research and development, software development and design, basic technology or basic management platform integration or management integration, etc.
Business process outsourcing service (BPO)
Internal management services of enterprises: provide various internal management services for customer enterprises, including logistics services, human resources services, wages and benefits services, accounting services, financial centers, data centers and other internal management services.
Business operation services of enterprises: provide technical research and development services, sales and wholesale services, after-sales services (after-sales telephone guidance and maintenance services) and other business process services for customer enterprises.
Supply chain management services: provide customers with procurement, transportation, warehouse/inventory overall scheme services, etc.
In addition, there is knowledge process outsourcing (KPO), which is the high-end part of service outsourcing.
They are all service outsourcing based on IT technology. ITO emphasizes technology, involving more costs and services, while BPO emphasizes business process, which solves the problem of business effect and operational benefit. BPO often involves several business principles and often contacts customers, so its significance and influence are more significant. Not only does the IT industry need BPO, but every business of BPO is inseparable from the support of IT business, which leads to the opportunity of IT outsourcing.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) domestic outsourcing and offshore (international) outsourcing
Domestic outsourcing means that the outsourcing transferor (outsourcer) and its outsourcing contractor (supplier) come from the same country, and the outsourcing work is completed in China.
Offshore (international) outsourcing means that the outsourcing transferor (outsourcer) and its outsourcing contractor (supplier) come from different countries and the outsourcing work is completed internationally.
Employer and contractor
Employers, that is, employers, generally come from countries and regions with high labor costs, such as the United States, Western Europe and Japan. Contractors, that is, outsourcing suppliers, come from countries and regions with low labor costs. There are seven major countries in global service outsourcing, namely Ireland in Europe, Czech Republic and China in Asia, India, Philippines, Malaysia and Singapore.
Service outsourcing in the broad sense of intransitive verbs;
According to the service agreement, the responsibility for continuous management or development of the service is entrusted to a third party. WTO General Agreement on Trade in Services
Service outsourcing process
Services are divided into 12 departments, namely, business services, communication services, construction and related engineering services, circulation services, education services, environmental services, financial services, health services, tourism services, entertainment, cultural and sports services, transportation services and other services. Service outsourcing can be classified according to this 12 department.
Other definitions and classifications of service outsourcing include: according to the motivation of service outsourcing, service outsourcing is divided into strategic outsourcing, strategic outsourcing and transformational outsourcing; According to the form of service outsourcing, service outsourcing is divided into: product or parts outsourcing and service project outsourcing; Service outsourcing is divided into single-level outsourcing and multi-level outsourcing according to the number of subcontracting layers; According to the number of service outsourcing contractors, service outsourcing is divided into one-to-one outsourcing and one-to-many outsourcing.
Service outsourcing refers to a management mode in which an enterprise outsources its non-core business and uses the best external professional team to undertake the business, so that it can focus on its core business, reduce costs, improve efficiency, and enhance its core competitiveness and adaptability to the environment. It includes business process outsourcing (BPO), information technology outsourcing (ITO) and knowledge process outsourcing (KPO).
Service outsourcing enterprises refer to service outsourcers who provide service outsourcing services to customers according to long-term service contracts signed with service outsourcing contractors.
Service outsourcing refers to information technology outsourcing service (ITO) and business process outsourcing service (BPO) provided by service outsourcing enterprises to customers. Including: business transformation outsourcing, business process and business process service outsourcing, application management and application service outsourcing, basic technology outsourcing (IT, software development and design, technology research and development, basic technology platform integration and management integration), etc.