The new textbook attaches great importance to human development. Chinese teachers should grasp the key points of teaching, fully tap the factors of mental health education in teaching materials, guide students to understand, and let mental health education naturally permeate in the process of Chinese teaching. The content of the textbook covers a wide range, including language training, ideological and moral education and mental health education; Not only selected a large number of excellent chapters with both literary quality and beauty, but also created colorful characters. This is an extremely exquisite and rich character gallery. Teachers should let students know the noble souls of these characters, guide them to take these characters as examples, and let students receive subtle education, purify their hearts and cultivate their sentiments in the process of learning Chinese. At the same time, using the images of negative characters in textbooks, we can guide students to identify and deny these impurities in their personality, compare the missing places in their personality, correct the defects in their personality, and strive to develop in the direction of sound personality.
Second, the use of national elements in textbooks for students to carry out socialist moral education
There are many texts in primary school Chinese textbooks that show love for the motherland, pride and dignity of the nation, obligation to social labor and public affairs, honor to social collectives, love for classmates and internationalism, all of which are the main contents of personality factors. For example, textbooks such as Wan Li Great Wall and Zhao Zhouqiao introduce our precious historical heritage. Let students be proud of these precious historical heritages and cultivate their national pride. Guide students to establish collectivism, overcome individualism, and turn socialist and communist moral concepts and principles into moral customs and habits that students generally follow.
Third, tap the anti-frustration quality of the characters in the teaching materials and implement will education.
Great motivation makes people have a goal in life, strong interest makes people pursue it enthusiastically, and conscious will and stable will make people brave, strong, indomitable and persistent to overcome difficulties and become a successful person who can create career and happiness. However, at present, primary school students generally show weak will. The cultivation of frustration tolerance should make students have a correct attitude towards setbacks and cultivate tolerance and transcendence of setbacks. There are many words in the textbook that show the hero's excellent quality of not being discouraged after encountering setbacks, overcoming difficulties with tenacious perseverance and achieving success. In teaching, students can be guided to take these model figures as examples, learn skills and methods to deal with setbacks, and cultivate tenacious perseverance to overcome difficulties. Making them gradually form strong willpower and tenacious fighting spirit is the main link to cultivate primary school students' psychological quality of resisting setbacks. Let students understand that setbacks are not terrible. Setbacks and hardships in life will hit people and bring sadness and pain, but they can also make people rise, mature and strong, and consciously safeguard their mental health.
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Infiltrating mental health in Chinese teaching in primary schools
1. Excavate psychological education factors in textbooks
Chinese textbooks for primary schools provide rich psychological education resources. In the process of teaching, Chinese teachers should pay attention to step by step, teach students in accordance with their aptitude, actively explore the psychological education factors in teaching materials, and strive to infiltrate psychological health education into the training process of language and characters naturally and harmoniously, rather than overriding the training process. In addition, the factors of mental health education in primary school Chinese textbooks are not as straightforward as political textbooks and ideological and moral textbooks, but are contained between the lines of the article. Therefore, Chinese teachers must study the textbooks thoroughly, understand them thoroughly, and grasp the potential mental health education connotation in the textbooks.
2. Carry out Chinese extracurricular activities in primary schools and infiltrate mental health education.
Chinese classroom in primary schools is only a small position for Chinese learning. The time for mental health education in Chinese classroom is limited, and the extension of Chinese is equivalent to the extension of life. Therefore, it is easier to find the breakthrough point for implementing mental health education in the rich Chinese extracurricular activities of primary school students. Therefore, primary school Chinese teachers should carry out extracurricular practical activities such as special discussions and speeches in a timely manner. Organizing some lectures and speeches related to mental health among primary school students can not only improve their language expression ability, but also help them develop in a healthy direction, thus providing a good space for their mental health development.
3. Strengthen individual counseling and implement mental health education.
Mental health education should be geared to all students. However, due to the influence of congenital genetic factors, as well as the differences in living environment, educational conditions and their own efforts, everyone's personality characteristics and psychological development level have certain particularity. Therefore, Chinese teachers in primary schools should be good at observing the psychological state of each student in the teaching process. If they are found to have abnormal performance, they should be given individual counseling in time to encourage them to face their study and life positively and help them eliminate psychological barriers.
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Create a relaxed Chinese classroom atmosphere
Let students participate in teaching methods: Middle school students begin to show a strong desire for knowledge and expression.
I want to show my rich knowledge, outstanding eloquence and unique temperament image in front of my classmates, attract their attention and win praise. Combine this characteristic of students with the teaching content, and adopt intuitive and vivid performance teaching method in teaching. It can make students feel immersive, attract students' attention tightly, make students in an excited state and have a positive knowledge-seeking scene; It can also give full play to students' desire for expression.
Some texts allow students to preview the text before class. In class, students should listen to the recording carefully first, and then tell what they have heard in the form of telling stories. Which classmate will listen carefully and express vividly in the competition? Then ask students to read the text carefully, combine notes and materials, and carefully understand the content of the text; Discuss in groups again, question and dispel doubts, check and fill gaps, make clear the teaching focus, and the teacher points out the teaching difficulties; You can also invite enthusiastic students to imitate the movements and language of the characters on the stage. I believe that the students' vivid performances will win the house applause. Changing the boring teaching of speaking and reading into image teaching will make students enthusiastic.
Use multimedia teaching methods. Nowadays, social information is provided quickly, knowledge is updated quickly and ideas are changed quickly.
Modern middle school students are armed with modern tools at birth: TV, DVD, tape recorder, video recorder, camera, computer and so on. Is their partner and mentor. In this environment, students are more likely to accept modern teaching methods in classroom teaching. Especially with the development of computer multimedia, multimedia teaching system has become a hot spot of development and application. It integrates sounds, symbols, words and images, and has the characteristics of media such as slide recording and video recording, which makes the teaching content illustrated and vivid. It is a kind of "dust-free" teaching and a leap of traditional audio-visual media. In teaching, effectively playing the role of multimedia teaching can fully tap the potential of students, give play to the main role and enliven the classroom. For example, in Chinese review class, if the teacher follows the traditional teaching method, according to the unit and the topic, and follows the book, students will inevitably feel bored and have no energy.
However, if multimedia means are used to create teaching situations, teachers should set various lively answers and defense questions according to the knowledge points reviewed, and take the form of self-test and error correction, which will help guide students to sort out the main points of knowledge points, think about problems from multiple angles, encourage students to explore bravely, and make students become active participants and explorers rather than passive recipients in the review process, thus stimulating students' sense of participation and enhancing their learning motivation. Teachers also let students experience the learning process through questioning, debating, questioning and exploring, and the quality of thinking has been improved accordingly. As long as our teachers establish the educational concept of "all for students, all for students", we can find practical and acceptable teaching methods for students. Give full play to students' main role and enliven the classroom.
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How to teach students to learn Chinese?
Clarify the teaching requirements of Chinese subject.
To teach students to learn Chinese, Chinese teachers should first make clear the teaching requirements of Chinese subjects. The real teaching requirement of Chinese subject is to cultivate students' reading, speaking, listening and writing abilities. In other words, students can read, speak, listen and write. These four meetings include not only subject knowledge and ability, but also subject quality. These four meetings are the most basic requirements of Chinese teaching. As a selective examination, college entrance examination mainly examines students' reading, expression and writing abilities. Only with these three abilities can students adapt to the needs of modern society.
A careful study of college entrance examination notes and papers reveals that college entrance examination papers are actually three areas of reading, expression and composition, which means that Chinese teaching puts forward specific requirements for teaching students to read, express and write (including reciting famous poems and sayings and accumulating knowledge). As far as reading is concerned, it includes the reading of social science discourses and argumentative papers, the reading of classical Chinese, the appreciation of poetry, the reading of literary works and practical styles. It is manifested in the recognition of sick sentences, the use of idioms and idioms and the random test of other related expressions. As far as Liaoning volume is concerned, composition is the composition of materials. After such analysis, we feel that the requirements for Chinese teaching are clear. This is what we should follow when teaching students to learn Chinese.
Learn to use textbooks to cultivate students' thinking ability.
Chinese teaching should rely on the text of teaching materials to lead students into the colorful Chinese world. On the basis of the integrated memory of Chinese knowledge and common sense of literature and culture (which cannot be diluted, but can only be strengthened, because only accumulation can make it thinner), students are guided to read, taste and feel, and their reading ability in subject learning is generated.
How does the teacher teach? This is a problem worth studying and forming a consensus in teaching. Since ancient times, there has been no definite teaching method. We advocate "letting a hundred flowers blossom" in teaching, and teachers should form their own artistic style of teaching and write their own teaching personality. However, how to teach it should be a matter of reaching a consensus. In my opinion, Chinese teachers in senior high schools should focus on teaching students thinking methods, so that students can learn to think, that is, imagine, associate and infer. In other words, teachers should strive to cultivate students' thinking ability (image thinking ability, abstract thinking ability). For example, when reading novels, how to understand and analyze the contents and functions of environmental description, characters (personality characteristics), themes, plot development and conflicts. Students have these thinking abilities, which shows that they have learned to learn novels. The exam can successfully answer the question of novel reading.