Kaiyuan City is located in the southeast of Yunnan Province, bordering Yanshan Mountains and Qiubei in the east, Mengzi and Gejiu in the south, Jianshui in the west and Maitreya in the north. It is a traffic fortress and a central city in southeastern Yunnan. The total area of the city is 1946.9 1 km2, of which the mountainous area accounts for 9 1.5%, the dam area accounts for 8.5% and the population is 290,000. Urban area 18 km2, and urbanization rate is 63.8%.
Kaiyuan contains abundant coal resources. Xiaolongtan, 20 kilometers away from the urban area, has lignite reserves of 65.438+0.2 billion tons. It is the largest open-pit coal mine in Yunnan with an annual mining capacity of 6.3 million tons. Now there is a 600,000-kilowatt pithead power plant. Rich coal and electricity have created conditions for the development of hundreds of industrial and mining enterprises. Rich in grain, sugar cane, etc. It has provided raw material guarantee for the food industry, and industries such as cement, fertilizer, sugar, paper making, wine making and food have begun to take shape.
Kaiyuan has a subtropical monsoon climate with an annual average temperature of 19.9℃. Kaiyuan, a new ecological industrial and commercial city, is full of green trees and flowers all year round.
Geological landform
According to the research and analysis of geological data, in the Paleozoic Carboniferous period about 285 million years ago, the Kaiyuan area began to be deposited. By the Mesozoic Triassic period 654.38+950 million years ago, a large area of limestone, dolomite, dolomite limestone, sandstone and shale had been deposited in the territory, and some areas had coal seams. In the late Mesozoic, 67 million years ago, the second act of Yanshan movement caused the whole area to fold. With the fault activity and the intrusion of intermediate-acid magma, the Kaiyuan mountain structure and Luduke arc structure bred before Triassic gradually formed, and finally took shape. After the Mesozoic experienced the relatively stable stages of Jurassic, Cretaceous and Paleogene, the crustal movement began in the Oligocene of Tertiary 23 million years ago, and the Himalayan movement formed the Dazhuang and Xiaolongtan fault basins. Kaiyuan fault basin was formed in Quaternary, and lakes and rivers were formed in the Middle Pleistocene of Quaternary 6,543,800 years ago, and connected with Nanpanjiang to form its tributaries. The Holocene, which began 6.5438+0 million years ago, formed the canyon landform. At this point, the modern outline of Kaiyuan territory was formed. The strata exposed in the territory are from old to new: Carboniferous and Permian in Upper Paleozoic, Triassic in Mesozoic and Tertiary and Quaternary in Cenozoic. Most rocks in the territory are sedimentary limestone, accounting for 70%. Kaiyuan is located at the junction of Tibet-Yunnan-Myanmar zigzag structural system, Sichuan-Yunnan radial structural system and Nanling structural system. Stress concentration and regional tectonic phenomenon are extremely complicated. It can be divided into three types of structural systems: torsional, north-south and northwest, in which the torsional structural system is dominant and the three types of systems form complex compound and joint relations.
Kaiyuan is located in the south of Yunnan Plateau, adjacent to Diankang axis in the west and the edge of Guizhou-Guangxi platform in the east, between the two major faults of Honghe and Nanpanjiang. Affected by the geological tectonic movement, the complex landforms of folds, faults, fault basins, karst mountains and mountains are formed, and the Zhongshan Canyon formed by Nanpanjiang River and its tributaries is a moderately shallow mountain plateau landform.
The mountains are north-south, high in the southeast and low in the northwest, with undulating terrain. The highest point is 2775.6 meters above sea level and the lowest point is 950 meters above sea level. Relative height difference1825.6m, with outstanding three-dimensional terrain features. There are five kinds of landforms on display in China: faulted basins, impact fans, low mountains and hills, Zhongshan Canyon and karst mountainous areas.
mountain range
The mountains in the territory belong to the Yunling branch of Hengduan Mountains, bounded by Kaiyuan Dam, and juxtaposed with the east and west. The eastern part is the branch of Liuzhaoshan in Yunnan Plateau, and the western part is the residual vein of Ailao Mountain. The main peaks are Peinichong Peak, the main peak of Daheishan, Xiamishan Mountain, Shucheng Mountain, Liuziqingpo, Zhuqingpo, Chuangtian Liangzi, Liufengshan and Matoupo.
river system
Kaiyuan is rich in water resources, belonging to Nanpanjiang River Basin, with 12 rivers, more than 60 natural lakes and springs. There are four rivers in the territory: Lujiang River, Nandongjiang River, Dazhuang River and Zhongheying River. There are more than 60 scattered springs and mountain springs in the territory, with a maximum flow of 858.3 cubic meters per second and a minimum flow of 7.7 cubic meters per second. The annual total transit passenger traffic is 65.438+0.53 billion cubic meters.
climate
Kaiyuan belongs to subtropical plateau monsoon climate. Due to the influence of low latitude, high altitude and monsoon activities, the climate characteristics are: long summer without winter, autumn and spring connected, large daily temperature difference, small annual temperature difference; The dry and wet seasons are distinct, and there are many droughts all the year round; The three-dimensional climate is typical.
The altitude in China is 900 ~ 2500m, the annual average temperature is 20.4℃ ~ 10.9℃, and the temperature difference is 9.5℃. The extreme maximum temperature is 38.2 ~ 24.9℃, and the extreme minimum temperature is -2.4 ~-6.4℃. The annual average temperature in the city is relatively stable, with little interannual change. The annual temperature difference is 65438 0.5℃, and the average anomaly is only 3℃. The annual rainfall is over 700 mm, and the rainy season is concentrated in May-10. It is rainy and hot at the same time, and there is no heat. The annual average temperature is 19.8℃, the annual sunshine is 2200 hours and the frost-free period is 340 days. The three-dimensional climate formed by the topographic change of high in the east and low in the west provides a good growth environment for crop production, and provides superior natural conditions for agricultural development and forest, animal husbandry and fishery production in winter.
Soil and vegetation
Kaiyuan area belongs to sedimentary rock area, and 70% of the rocks are limestone. The soil in China is divided into seven categories, namely:
Red soil: it is the main soil for planting grain and oil crops in China.
Lateritic red soil: It is suitable for developing double cropping rice and sugarcane production, improving crop multiple cropping index and developing subtropical cash crops.
Paddy soil: create favorable conditions for rice nutrition and promote high yield of rice.
Purple soil: rich in mineral nutrients and high in natural fertility. Suitable for planting a variety of crops, it is the main soil for planting dry land crops in China.
Limestone soil: Limestone soil has fine clay particles, which are reflected by heterogeneous lime. Its pH value is close to neutral or alkaline, its surface particle structure is developed and its fertility is high. Suitable for planting cereals, beans and potatoes.
Brown soil: its distribution area is cold, rainy and foggy, with long crop growth period, multiple rounds of fallow and low multiple cropping index, which is suitable for the development of forage, medicinal materials, pepper and other economic trees.
Affected soil: mainly distributed in the dam area, with superior environment and climate and fertile soil, it is an important soil for planting rice, sugarcane and vegetables.
administrative division
The land area of Kaiyuan City is 29 1704 1 mu (1950 km2), of which the cultivated land area is 223,243 mu, and the forest coverage rate of the whole city is 3 1.9%. Kaiyuan is known as the "natural greenhouse" and has unique mineral resources and water resources.
Kaiyuan city has jurisdiction over five townships and three offices. These five townships are: Dazhuang Township, Yangjie Township, Mazeshao Township, Zhongheying Township and Beige Township. These three offices are: Lebaidao Office in Kaiyuan City, Lingquan Office in Kaiyuan City and Xiaolongtan Office in Kaiyuan City. There are 52 village committees and 19 community neighborhood committees.
mineral resources
Kaiyuan is known as the "natural greenhouse" and has unique mineral resources and water resources. At present, the discovered minerals can be divided into four categories and sixteen species, and eleven species have been developed. The minerals with proven reserves are limestone, sand shale, timely sandstone, refractory clay, iron ore and coal mine. Among them, lignite, limestone, anthracite, brick clay and other first-class minerals have the highest degree of development and the largest scale of development, and have become the dominant industries in the mining industry.
There are mainly coal mines in China (lignite, with a reserve of10.93 million tons; Bituminous coal with a reserve of 886,000 tons; Anthracite, with a reserve of 40 million tons), manganese mine, antimony mine, aluminum mine, copper mine, limestone, industrial reserve 47.7 million tons, sand shale, with a reserve of 5 1.4 million tons, refractory clay deposit with a reserve of 3.77 million tons, and mercury mine (with an unknown reserve).
economic development
During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the total economic output of Kaiyuan reached a new level. Over the past five years, the GDP has reached14.567 billion yuan, an increase of 48.3% over the Ninth Five-Year Plan and an average annual growth of 9.0%. The proportion of tertiary industries was adjusted from 18:4 1:4 1 at the end of the Ninth Five-Year Plan to 13. 1:50.5:36.4 at the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan. The total fiscal revenue and local general budget revenue reached 654.38+80.5 million yuan and 962 million yuan respectively, up by 88.3% and 64.3% respectively over the Ninth Five-Year Plan, with an average annual growth of 20.3% and 654.38+0%. The balance of deposits and loans of financial institutions increased by 14.7% and 12.4% annually, reaching 4.957 billion yuan and 3.434 billion yuan respectively in 2005. The investment in fixed assets of the whole society was 5.542 billion yuan, an increase of 65.7% over the Ninth Five-Year Plan. Among them, the capital construction investment is 3.363 billion yuan, and the renovation investment is 65.438+0.065 billion yuan. The total industrial output value of the jurisdiction reached18.048 billion yuan, an increase of 53.4% over the ninth five-year plan, and the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size reached 5.939 billion yuan, an increase of 4.6 1% over the ninth five-year plan. In five years, 654.38 billion yuan will be invested in technological transformation to upgrade traditional industries. Yunnan State-owned Cement Honghe Co., Ltd. has successively completed and put into operation major projects such as the new dry cement clinker production line with a daily output of 2,000 tons; The first phase of Datang Honghe Kaiyuan Power Plant and the third phase expansion of Guodian Xiaolongtan Power Plant are under construction. The three pillar industries of energy, chemical industry and building materials are more prominent in the national economy, and the leading position of industrial economy in the whole national economy is increasingly strengthened. The total agricultural output value reached 3 1.2 1 billion yuan, with an average annual increase of 6%, and the total rural economic income reached 4.572 billion yuan, with an increase of 2 1.8% over the Ninth Five-Year Plan. Agricultural development in winter increased from 1 17055 mu at the end of the Ninth Five-Year Plan to 159460 mu at the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan. By the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the grain output reached 84,365 tons, an increase of 4. 1% over the end of the Ninth Five-Year Plan. Traditional industries such as animal husbandry, sugarcane and flue-cured tobacco have developed steadily. Complete the Research Report on Development Strategic Planning of Kaiyuan High-tech and Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Demonstration Park. Strengthen the construction of rural infrastructure. Completion of the Sanjiaohai Reservoir reinforcement, 40 12 rural drinking water project and other farmland water conservancy construction projects, with a total investment of113.69 million yuan. The investment of 5 million yuan from the municipal finance has boosted the investment in rural road construction by nearly 654.38 billion yuan, and the pavement hardening of rural roads has increased from 20 kilometers to more than 400 kilometers, an increase of 20 times, which has solved the difficult problem of more than 90,000 people. Dozens of rural roads such as Yang Qi and Xishan have been built, and hundreds of millions of yuan have been invested to build the first secondary road in Honghe Prefecture-Xiao Kai Highway. The basic position of agriculture has been further strengthened. On the premise of absolute growth, the proportion of the primary industry in the national economy is decreasing year by year. The added value of tertiary industry increased by 8. 1% annually. The transportation industry has further developed, and the freight volume reached 7.22 million tons in 2005. The main professional markets have been further developed, maintaining and consolidating the status of Kaiyuan South Yunnan Logistics Center. At the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, there were 7,430 private enterprises with16,520 employees, with a registered capital of 753 million yuan and taxes paid of 48 million yuan, which were respectively increased by 14.7%, 0.8%, 257.9% and 203.4% compared with the end of the Ninth Five-Year Plan. The pace of urbanization has accelerated. The urban built-up area increased from 14 square kilometers at the end of the ninth five-year plan to 18 square kilometers at the end of the tenth five-year plan. By the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the urbanization rate will reach 63.8%, the per capita road area will be 9.5 square meters, and the per capita green area will be 10.5 square meters. Won the title of "Garden City of Yunnan Province". A large number of municipal projects such as Xu Ying Square and Jianshe Road have been completed one after another. Projects such as administrative office buildings and high-quality high schools are being implemented rapidly. The first phase of Lujiang comprehensive management project has been completed, adding a beautiful urban landscape to Kaiyuan. Completed the Kaiyuan City Master Plan (Revision), and compiled a number of detailed construction plans such as Lujiang Comprehensive Management Plan and Qingnian Road Area Reconstruction Plan. Urban management was further strengthened. New achievements have been made in opening up to the outside world, with the total foreign trade reaching176.98 million US dollars, nearly five times higher than that in the Ninth Five-Year Plan. Investment promotion has achieved results, and 47 economic cooperation projects have been implemented. Over the past five years, the actual funds in place have reached 2.064 billion yuan, more than nine times that during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period. The pilot work of circular economy has achieved initial results. In the past five years, the accumulated investment in pollution control was 654.38+65 billion yuan, the disposal rate of industrial solid waste increased by 3 percentage points, the discharge of industrial wastewater decreased by 42.8%, the discharge of industrial dust decreased by 49.9%, and the quality of atmospheric environment improved. The construction of ecological environment was further strengthened. In five years, we will build 273,000 mu of public welfare forest and biogas digesters 1.0 1.49. Compared with the end of the Ninth Five-Year Plan, the forest coverage rate increased by 65,438 0.2 percentage points, reaching 365,438 0.8%, and the ability of sustainable development was further enhanced. Good results have been achieved in land work. The situation of safe production has improved, and a long-term mechanism has been initially established. The first national economic census was completed in 0, and the statistical work played the role of economic statistics, analysis and prediction. Through the further efforts of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the comprehensive economic strength of our city has been significantly enhanced, laying a good foundation for the development of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan.
In March, 20021year, Kaiyuan City ranked 22nd in the top 100 assured foods list in China.
In 200211year1October, the Central Civilization Office confirmed the list of cities nominated by national civilized cities in the founding period of 20021-2023, and Kaiyuan City was on the list.
From June 5438 to February 2020, the list of the top ten food safety counties in China in 2020 was released, and Kaiyuan ranked eighth.
From June 5438 to 2020 10, Kaiyuan won the title of National Model City (County) with Double Support in 2020.
In June 5438 +2020 10, Kaiyuan City was selected as the first batch of national digital village pilot areas.
In September 2020, the list of "Top 100 Counties and Cities in Western China in 2020" was published, and Kaiyuan City was ranked 66th.
In August, 2020, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs elected Kaiyuan City as the pilot county of "internet plus" agricultural products leaving the village and entering the city.
20 19- 12 The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs recommended Kaiyuan as a typical county of rural innovation and entrepreneurship in China.
From August 2065438 to August 2009, the People's Government of Yunnan Province listed Kaiyuan as a "one county and one industry" demonstration county in Yunnan Province, with flower industry as the representative industry.
In 20 19, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs recommended Kaiyuan as the second batch of national rural entrepreneurial innovation typical counties.
In June of 20 18, Kaiyuan was selected as one of the top 100 counties and cities in western China on 20 18, ranking 6 1.
2065438+In August 2008, Kaiyuan won the honor of the fourth batch of advanced units in legal counties and cities nationwide.
On July 20 16, Kaiyuan was awarded the title of National Model City (County) with Double Support.
On February 20 16, kaiyuan city was included in the list of counties (cities, districts) with basically balanced development of compulsory education in China in 20 15.
On October 20 14, 13 10, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development named Kaiyuan as 20 13 National Garden City.