At present, most scholars accept the definition that "learning is a relatively lasting change in behavior, ability or tendency and its process caused by practice or repeated experience in a specific situation". )
The definition of pedagogy? Pedagogy is a social science that takes educational phenomena and problems as the research object, summarizes the scientific theory and practice of human educational activities, explores and solves the practical educational problems encountered in the process of the emergence and development of educational activities, and thus reveals the general educational laws. Education is an activity widely existing in human social life and purposefully cultivating talents. The research of pedagogy is objective, inevitable, stable, repetitive, realistic, dialectical and scientific.
What is the definition of preschool pedagogy? Preschool pedagogy is a science that studies the laws of preschool education for children aged 3-6 and the laws of preschool education institutions. It is an educational theory that people summarize and refine from the practical experience of educating children. When it comes to theory, many people associate it with difficult, abstract and boring articles. Sometimes, the compilation of pedagogy does follow a certain system and style of writing, which is puzzling and boring, but in fact, preschool pedagogy is an applied science, and its theory is rich and concrete in our daily activities of raising children.
Example 1:
Two children of the same age are learning to walk. One child's parents let go and fell, and asked him to get up and walk again. Another child's parents carefully protected the child, lest he fall, or simply tied the child's waist with a belt and tied him away. Please think about it, which child will learn to walk first?
Theoretically, it is obvious that the first way is more in line with the needs of children's development, and can also help children learn to walk independently faster. Excessive protection will only prolong the time for children to learn to walk, make it difficult for them to learn to balance their bodies and coordinate their movements from repeated exercises as soon as possible, and make them too afraid of falling, which is not conducive to future development. Therefore, the correct way should be to find a place where it is not easy to fall. At first, adults should help children more, but gradually let go, encourage children to walk by themselves, don't be too nervous when they fall, and let him get up by himself.
Example 2:
A teacher is organizing children to understand crops. She sat the child in a small chair, put her hands behind her back, hung some wall charts of crops on the blackboard, and then told the child that this was wheat and that was cotton. Another teacher also lets the children know about crops, but she regularly organizes children to visit the growth of crops in the farmland, and also opens a small garden in the kindergarten to try out several crops, such as wheat, sunflower and corn. In addition, she posted a wall chart in the activity room for children to visit freely. What kind of education do you think is better?
Theoretically speaking, it is right to teach children intuitively, but for children and children in lower grades of primary school, it is not enough to teach them intuitively through wall charts. The best way for them to know things is through contact with objects, so the second teacher's method is correct and effective.
Example 3:
In a classroom, the teacher organized children to learn to draw, and she asked them to copy while drawing. Some children drew very similar pictures, and the teacher praised them, while a poor child was asked to draw again. Another teacher organizes children to learn to draw. She lets children freely choose the objects and materials of painting, gives them advice and guidance in the process of painting, sincerely appreciates each child's work, encourages and praises the children's efforts, and finally posts the children's works for display. Which way do you think is better?
Theoretically speaking, we think that painting is a way for children to express their thoughts and feelings, and there should be no excessive demands on skills. Children should be allowed to explore all kinds of painting materials freely and express their ideas freely on the screen. Letting children learn to draw according to the teacher's model and the specified way may suppress the development of children's imagination and creativity. In addition, children have different abilities, which can also be said to have their own strengths. Teachers should recognize children's differences and strengths, and don't judge children by a single standard. In the process of growing up, children should be recognized and affirmed as long as they make efforts. If children are judged only by the results of their studies, they will lose their self-confidence and self-esteem, and lose their interest and courage in learning new things, which will have a negative impact on their future development. This is a failed education. As teachers, we should not only promote the development of children's intelligence and ability, but also carefully protect their physical and mental health and enthusiasm for learning. We shouldn't damage children's physical and mental health because of teachers' careless words and deeds.
As can be seen from the above examples, early childhood education is not simply about taking care of children, but involves all aspects of early childhood development. Different educational methods will have different effects on children, which will lead to different development results. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the educational problems in life and study and study educational theories.
The definition of preschool education refers to the education of children from birth to six years old, including preschool family education and preschool social education. Be careful ~ ~ infant education (under three years old); Early childhood education (three to six years old) includes physical education, intellectual education, moral education and aesthetic education. . . . Preschool pedagogy is a science that studies the laws of preschool education. . This content is very broad. If you want to be rigorous, you should read books on preschool education yourself ~ ~ It's hard to be comprehensive ~ ~
What is the significance of studying pedagogy? The significance of learning pedagogy is mainly reflected in the following aspects: (1) Learning pedagogy is the need to improve the professional understanding of educators and establish the concept of scientific education. Educational idea is the most important thing for educators. Only by establishing a scientific concept of education and forming a correct educational thought can we effectively engage in educational work. Learning pedagogy is helpful for educators to deeply understand their careers, establish scientific educational concepts, strengthen their educational beliefs and do a good job in education. (2) Learning pedagogy is the need to help educators master educational laws, methods, technologies and their application principles. The scientific basis of correct education view is the law of education. Only the educational view that correctly reflects the law of education is a scientific educational view. Therefore, whether the educational concept is correct or not depends on whether we can correctly understand the educational law. The fundamental task of pedagogy is to explore and reveal the general laws of education, so as to better guide teachers to master the general laws of education in educational practice. It also needs to be linked with the specific methods and technologies in actual operation, and can't follow the old rules. Teachers also need to sum up experience according to the actual situation, give play to their creativity and make good use of methods and technologies. (3) Learning pedagogy is the need of making education policy correctly. To develop education, a country and a political party must establish certain educational principles and policies. Any educational principles and policies are the embodiment of the educational will of those in power. However, every principle and policy is by no means formulated by the ruling class at will, and it can only be effective if it follows the objective laws of education. Scientific education policy is the basic principle for socialist countries to formulate policies. In order to correctly formulate or consciously implement educational principles and policies, both leaders of educational work and people's teachers must seriously study the basic theory of education and master the laws of educational science to ensure the smooth progress of educational work. (D) Learning pedagogy is an urgent need to deepen educational reform and explore the future development of education. The stability of education is relative and the change is absolute. Both educational researchers and front-line teachers should devote themselves to it. Education reform can't be carried out blindly, and it needs the guidance of basic education theory. To carry out educational reform, we must find new contradictions on the basis of scientific analysis of the present situation of education, solve a large number of theoretical and practical problems in educational reform through scientific argumentation and experiments, and explore the future development prospects of education. (5) Learning pedagogy is the need of education discipline construction. The basic theory of pedagogy expounds the general laws and basic principles of education, which is of guiding significance to all educational disciplines. The key to the construction of education discipline is the team problem. Learning pedagogy is helpful for learners to master educational scientific knowledge, understand educational laws, learn certain technical methods, cultivate professional ideas, improve the quality level of educators, and be of great benefit to the construction of educational disciplines.
The significance of learning pedagogy;
(1) helps to establish a correct educational thought and improve the consciousness of implementing China's socialist educational principles and policies;
(2) It is helpful to consolidate the professional thought of loving education and improve the quality of teachers in an all-round way;
(3) It is helpful to know and master the laws of education and improve the level and ability of engaging in school education;
(4) It is helpful to promote school education reform and educational scientific research.
What is the significance of studying pedagogy? Hehe, how can I put it? From a big perspective, the development of the country and the progress of the society are inseparable from education and pedagogy. It is of great significance to understand the education situation at home and abroad and the specific means of implementation in education. From a small point of view, learning and education itself can promote its own development, and of course it can also increase capital for the education of future generations. Therefore, learning and education, whether from a micro or macro perspective, whether from a small aspect or from a large aspect, will have a significant role in the development of individuals and society.
What is the significance of learning special pedagogy? Special education in China generally refers to the narrow sense, that is, education for children with physical and mental developmental disabilities. According to the current international definition of special education, it is to educate children with "special needs" in learning (including learning disabilities, emotional disorders, speech disorders, behavioral problems, conduct problems, communication barriers, mental health problems, physical weakness, etc.). In fact, among about 200 million school-age children in China, there are more than 7.5 million children with special educational needs. Because the proportion of special children in the former Soviet Union was 5-8%; Students with "special needs" in the United States account for 8% of the total-12%; The detection rate of children with "special education needs" in Britain is 20%; The Netherlands reported that the prevalence rate of problem children was 26%; The rate of special children in Poland is 30%. According to the incidence of 10% in China, there are about 20 million school-age children with "special education needs" in China, which is equivalent to the population of two Beijing.
Due to the particularity of the educational object, the employment field of graduates majoring in special education is very narrow if they are strictly assigned according to their majors. Undergraduate graduates can only choose to work at the grassroots level because of their simple knowledge. As far as this major is concerned, the most suitable units are various special education schools. However, as far as the actual situation in China is concerned, the number of various special education schools is very small, and most of them are concentrated in areas above medium-sized cities. Therefore, to a certain extent, the employment scope and choice of graduates of this major are not large. However, in the past few years, there were few schools offering special education majors in China, and the number of students enrolled was not large. In addition, the special talents needed for special education are generally irreplaceable, so overall, the employment form is good.
Generally speaking, the graduates of this major have received systematic professional skills training and knowledge education training during their school days, and can engage in teaching practice well. In particular, it should be pointed out that due to the particularity of the object of special education (the physically disabled), the requirements for people engaged in this kind of work are not only reflected in the mastery of knowledge and skills, but also the more important requirement is to have a good personality. Patience and love are more important in a sense.
Because special education is actually an indicator that can reflect the "humanitarian" value of a * * *, so as long as there is a place to run special education schools, all levels of * * * have given considerable attention, and there is a certain inclination from policy to finance. There are special regulations on the construction and planning of schools and the introduction of talents.
After graduation, I will become a professional who can independently engage in the diagnosis, identification, consultation, education and training of special children.
With the continuous improvement of social civilization, more and more attention will be paid to "vulnerable groups" such as deaf-mute, blind children and mentally retarded children, just like "talent development", which indicates that special education professionals will face more and more social needs. They can serve special children in special education centers and schools, or they can directly go deep into the families of every special child to provide direct and effective intervention and guidance. They can also develop and establish markets for education and development products for special children and special groups, so as to make the service form of special education more large-scale and standardized. Here, there will be a very potential career development market.
Professional preference, professional loyalty and professional enthusiasm are the important influencing factors of special education teachers' professional identity, professional decision-making, turnover intention, professional input, work performance and education quality. They are the inner, profound, stable and lasting positive psychological tendencies of special education teachers, and the most effective weapon for special education teachers to overcome job burnout, which fundamentally determines their professional cognition, emotion and behavior.
Achievement motivation, self-reflection, self-efficacy and self-evaluation are the necessary abilities of high-performance special education teachers, the guarantee for special children to enjoy high-quality special education, and the internal driving factors for special education teachers' professional efforts, self-improvement, creative work and professional happiness.
Teamwork, communication skills and understanding of others are important qualities to ensure that special education teachers can form professional groups, effectively use resources and talents to solve problems, and understand and respect special children and their parents.
Professional knowledge, professional skills and organizational management ability are the basic knowledge requirements for qualified special education teachers to be qualified as special education teachers. In terms of professional knowledge, special education teachers should not only understand the schools, viewpoints, development and academic frontiers of special education theory from a historical perspective, but also have the ability of philosophical generalization and theoretical thinking; We should not only know the technical terms of special education and the incidence of various special children, but also be familiar with various laws and policies related to special children; They should not only have extensive knowledge of general subjects and science, but more importantly, they should have profound knowledge of special education. Therefore, special education teachers should not only have the abilities that ordinary teachers should have, but also have the ability to make individual education plans, carry out action research, carry out family education and use community resources.
Good personal qualities such as integrity, strong will and stable mood are the cornerstone of the professional growth of special education teachers, the basis for developing other competency characteristics, and the important influencing factors of all cognition and behavior of special education teachers.