First, good guidance-guiding participation and promoting students' innovative thinking.
Good guidance means asking teachers to face all teachers and students. Follow the laws of education, respect students' individual characteristics, adjust their own teaching according to students' needs, let students actively participate in the teaching process, participate in exploration and discussion, and let students learn actively and vividly, which fully embodies the modern educational thought of "teacher-led and student-centered". Good guidance can promote students' innovative thinking.
For example, I taught Pu Songling's Wolf to guide students to think about the traditional view that butchers are heroes. Is the protagonist a butcher or a wolf? Some students think it is a butcher, because wolves are animals, not people. Some students hold the opposite opinion and think that animals can also be "protagonists", because "protagonists" are protagonists, not just people, and the protagonists in many fairy tales are not "people" but "things". In this way, in the discussion, students' innovative thinking is like a spark, and generate comes out. Under my coaxing, everyone finally came to the conclusion that the wolf is the "hero". There are two reasons: the finishing touch from the title to the end reflects the author's writing intention of taking the wolf as the "protagonist"; The protagonist is the protagonist, and the protagonist is not necessarily a person. Many fairy tales and fables prove this point. In this way, the teacher's good guidance and students' discussion and thinking overthrew the textbook editor's view that the butcher is a hero. This kind of innovative thinking promoted by good guidance is a great gain in Chinese teaching reform.
Another example is that I once assigned students to write a short composition entitled "Talking about Efforts". I gave examples of Wang Xianzhi practicing calligraphy hard and Kuang Heng stealing light for the students to demonstrate. I inspire students to deal with materials, which can be analyzed from the front or from the back. As long as the written article is reasonable and convincing, it is a good article. Inspired by me, many students fully affirmed the materials I provided. However, some students questioned: "Wang Xianzhi studied calligraphy hard and finished writing 18 altar water. His spirit is commendable. But why didn't his father Wang Xizhi teach him to practice calligraphy? Isn't it faster to work hard and add good methods? " "Kuang Heng's spirit of studying hard is worth learning. But if the wall is broken, weak light will damage your vision. We can't copy it mechanically! " I affirm and encourage these viewpoints full of personal innovation consciousness in time. On the contrary, if teachers think they are talking nonsense and thinking wildly, they will reprimand and ridicule, and then students' innovative thinking and thirst for knowledge will disappear. Encouraging students in good guidance can effectively cultivate their innovative thinking.
Second, stimulate interest-arouse curiosity. Stimulate students' innovative inspiration
Stimulating interest requires teachers to be full of emotion and passion, actively use modern educational technologies and means, and do everything possible to create a good teaching situation, which greatly arouses students' interest in knowledge, enables students to study enthusiastically and enthusiastically, and fully embodies the modern educational thought with emotion as the means and emotion as the training purpose. Stimulating interest can stimulate students' innovative inspiration.
In composition teaching, I organized students to carry out the activities of "guessing, reading and writing short stories" advocated by Selected Short Stories according to the teaching reform principles of "stimulating interest", "enlightening thinking", "beneficial" and "democracy", and achieved good results. The methods are as follows: First, select those excellent mini-novels with rich connotations, ingenious ideas and guessing the head as the source of interest. Then, the climax of plot development, the key to releasing suspense, the moment when the story turns sharply, the key to character description, and the part that reveals the intention of famous works are taken as the points of speculation, and the words of this speculation are deliberately deleted as the key points to stimulate interest. Then, let the students read, guess, think and continue to write to stimulate their imagination. Finally, the teacher compares the content that students continue to write with the original work, and makes comments and discussions in class to form an effective classroom climax. The results of students' continued writing may coincide with the original, may be different from the original, or may be better than the original. But in either case, it is the crystallization of students' creative thinking by exerting their subjective initiative. This method of composition teaching greatly stimulates students' interest, thus effectively developing their imagination and creativity. Therefore, stimulating interest is a good teaching method, which can arouse students' thirst for knowledge and stimulate their innovative inspiration.
Third, guiding thinking-setting doubts to induce deep thinking and cultivate students' innovative ability
Thinking is the core. It requires teachers to be good at grasping the key issues, key points and difficulties in teaching materials, carefully setting doubts, causing thinking and cultivating students' imagination and innovation ability.
When I was teaching Chekhov's Chameleon, I successfully used the heuristic method.
First of all, I asked the students two questions: ① How did police officer Ralph deal with the dog-biting case? What's his attitude towards dogs and khryukin? (2) What happened around Ralph's change? After guidance, the students understood, and then I made a second question: ③ What is the reason for Ralph's discoloration? After the students understand, they ask questions in turn: ④ Does Ralph have unchanging thoughts or behaviors besides the characteristics of "change"? After the problem was solved, I was induced by the situation and put forward the question in summary: ⑤ What kind of person is Ralph? In this way, after layers of questioning, students are induced to think deeply, think more and think well, so that students are always in a positive thinking state, thus cultivating students' creative thinking. After analyzing the text, I made a pioneering query to guide the students to think further: ⑤ Ralph wrapped his coat and left the square. What happened afterwards? I ask students to use their imagination to tell what happened later, and then write a short composition on the topic of "After the Square Incident". In this way, it not only deepens students' understanding of the text content, but also further cultivates students' creative ability. Therefore, introducing ideas can most effectively cultivate students' innovative spirit.
"Good guidance", "exciting interest" and "inducing thinking" are relatively independent, interrelated, interdependent and interactive, forming a whole heuristic teaching art with learning guidance as the main line. Practice has proved that under the background of promoting the new curriculum reform, the implementation of "good guidance", "exciting interest" and "inducing thinking" in Chinese teaching can well cultivate students' innovative spirit.