First, when the drowning person is awake after being rescued ashore, he has breathing and pulse:

At this time, it is suggested to call 120 to accompany him, keep him warm and rub his hands and feet, and then wait for rescuers or send him to the hospital for observation.

Second, when the drowning person is in a coma after being rescued ashore (unresponsive to calling for help), but has breathing and pulse:

It is suggested to call 120 immediately, then tilt the drowning person's head to one side, clean up the foreign body in his nose and mouth, stabilize his lateral position and wait for the rescuers. During the period, the respiratory pulse should be closely observed and cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be carried out if necessary. Sometimes there are foreign bodies such as sediment in the mouth of drowning people, which will lead to airway obstruction and affect the subsequent artificial ventilation and need to be cleaned up.

3. When the drowning person is in a coma after being rescued ashore and has no breathing and pulse:

This is a state similar to "suspended animation". The patient's throat twitched, he didn't breathe, his pulse was weak and he was on the verge of stopping. At this time, only the airway is opened and artificial respiration is given, and the pulse and heartbeat can be rapidly enhanced. After breathing is restored, you can lie on your side and wait for rescuers.

Four, when the drowning person was rescued ashore after coma, no breathing, no pulse:

At this point, let people nearby call the emergency number, then immediately clean up the foreign body in the mouth and nose of the drowning person, and then perform airway opening, artificial respiration and chest compression, that is, adopt the first aid sequence of A-B-C cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

1, open the airway

Open the airway, try to keep the lungs connected with the outside world to avoid suffocation by inhalation. Specific methods:

(1) Raise your head and chin. Hold the patient's forehead with the palm of his left hand, and hold the patient's chin with the index finger and middle finger of his right hand, so that his head leans back about 40 degrees. This method is suitable for cases where cervical spine injury is suspected.

(2) Raise your head and hold your neck. Hold the patient's forehead with the palm of his left hand, and hold the neck with his right hand after the four fingers of his right hand reach over his neck. When there is a foreign body in the mouth, digging it out of the airway is called cleaning the respiratory tract. In family first aid, you can put a thin pillow on the back neck and shoulders, gently press your head back, or open the airway. When the patient's teeth are clenched and breathing spontaneously, he can pry open his mouth with chopsticks and spread it with a dental pad to prevent biting his lips and tongue.

2. Artificial respiration

Only by opening the airway can we judge whether there is spontaneous breathing and start artificial respiration. Artificial respiration is the key to rescue drowning people. Because the basic cause of drowning is hypoxia caused by airway spasm, artificial respiration has become the key to rescue.

kiss of life

After opening the airway, take a deep breath, open your mouth to seal the patient's mouth (infants can wrap it with their noses), and continuously blow into the patient's mouth twice, each time for 1 ~ 1.5 seconds, and the blowing volume is about 1000 ml until you stand out, stop blowing, loosen the mouth tightly attached to the patient's mouth, and relax the hand holding the nostril.

If the patient has not recovered spontaneous breathing, he should continue to blow. The blowing frequency is 0/2 times/min for adults, 0/5 times/min for children and 20 times/min for infants. However, it should be noted that the blowing volume is more important than the blowing frequency. The first two blows lasted for 1 ~ 2 seconds each time, so that the gas was completely exhausted.

(2) Mouth to nose

When the patient has oral trauma or other reasons and can't open his mouth, he can blow his mouth to his nose. After opening the patient's airway, lean back and hold the patient's jaw with your hand to close his mouth. Take a deep breath, wrap the patient's nose with your mouth, and blow hard into the patient's nostrils until the chest is lifted. After blowing, open the patient's mouth and let the gas exhale. If the blowing is effective, you can see the patient's chest ups and downs with the blowing, and you can feel the exhalation of airflow.

3. Chest compressions

Close to the patient's chest, in order to ensure that the force acts vertically on the sternum when pressing, the rescuer can take different positions such as kneeling or footstool according to the patient's position. The correct compression position is the middle and lower sternum 1/3.

Specific positioning method: the rescuer slides the index finger and middle finger of his left hand along the rib arch to the intersection of the rib arches on both sides, that is, the infrasternal notch, and then horizontally places the index finger and middle finger above the infrasternal notch, and the middle part of the sternum above the index finger is the pressing area.

Place the palm root next to the index finger of the other hand on the patient's sternum, then remove the positioning hand, overlap the palm root on the back of the other hand, tilt the finger away from the chest wall, or lift the finger with two fingers crossed. The rescuer should straighten his elbows, center his shoulders above the patient's sternum, keep his shoulders and hands vertical, and press down hard. The compression depth is 4 ~ 5 cm, the compression frequency is 80 ~ 100 times/minute, and the compression and relaxation time are almost the same.

When children press the chest and heart closed, the position and frequency of pressing are the same as those of adults, but the depth of pressing is 3 cm, and the movement should be stable and the force should not be too strong. For example, the object of chest compression is infants, and its operation is different from that of adults and children. The baby's pressing position is the next finger at the junction of the two nipples on the sternum and the midline of the sternum. The rescuer presses with the middle finger and the ring finger. The pressing depth is 2 cm, and the pressing frequency is greater than 100 times/minute. Don't push too hard.

The whole operation is: 2-5 artificial respiration -30 chest compressions -2-5 artificial respiration -30 chest compressions, followed by a 2:30 cycle. The purpose of this is to provide sufficient oxygen for the drowning person at the first time. Of course, remember to dial 120 at the same time to continue resuscitation until the patient's breathing pulse recovers or emergency personnel arrive.

Note: The first aid sequence of CPR guideline is C-A-B, that is, chest compression-airway opening-artificial respiration. But the order of rescuing drowning people should be A-B-C, that is, opening the airway-artificial respiration-chest compression. Because the drowning person is asphyxiated and hypoxic cardiac arrest, support is the primary goal, so the order of A-B-C should be adopted. C-A-B sequence is mainly based on the pathophysiological process of cardiogenic cardiac arrest.

Extended data

Found drowning person:

1, immediately call the police for help and call the emergency number.

When you see someone drowning, but you can't swim, or you haven't received professional rescue training, don't save people blindly. You should call for help immediately and make an emergency call.

2. Pull with a life buoy tied with a rope or a long bamboo pole.

If you find that the drowning man is not far from the shore, you will surely save him ashore. But never use your own hands to pull the drowning person. It's best to throw a life buoy or a long pole with a rope tied to it and pull it ashore.

When the drowning man is far away from the shore, he should be rescued by boat.

If you find the drowning man far from the shore, you'd better take a boat to save him. Don't jump into the water rashly and swim wildly with your bare hands to save people. This is a very unwise choice.

4. Precautions for saving yourself by jumping into the water.

If the situation is really urgent and you have certain rescue skills, you should take off your clothes and shoes as soon as possible before entering the water. When swimming about 1-2 meters in front of the drowning person, take a deep breath first, dive into the water and rescue from behind the drowning person to prevent being trapped by the other side. In case of being entangled by a drowning person, there is a great possibility of drowning together. At this time, we should try to persuade the drowning person to calm down. If it doesn't work, you might as well punch the drowning man in the back of the head, put him in a coma, and then rescue him. Then, when rescuing the drowning person, the rescuer should hold the head and neck of the drowning person from behind, so that his face is upward and above the water.