We summarize China's ancient official morality as nine virtues: serving the people, being close to the people, being pragmatic, diligent, honest, fair, trustworthy, remonstrating and studious. This "nine virtues" is the essence of ancient official virtues, which constitutes a complete ideological system of official virtues in ancient China, emphasizing "purity" and "diligence". The virtue of "serving the people" based on the idea of "people-oriented" is the most popular and progressive official virtue. The "Nine Virtues" all have strong realistic pertinence, which has important reference significance for today's official morality and clean government construction.
In China's excellent political culture for thousands of years, the thought of official morality is very rich, which can be summarized as nine aspects: serving the people, being close to the people, being pragmatic, diligent, honest, fair, faithful, remonstrating and eager to learn. This "Nine Virtues" summarizes the essence of ancient official morality, is a complete ideological system of China's ancient official morality, has strong reality, and has important reference significance for today's official morality construction.
Broadly speaking, "official morality" can be divided into monarch morality and minister morality. In Emperor Fan, Emperor Taizong summarized the virtues of the monarch as: being prepared for danger in times of peace, being loyal and filial, and being honest and loyal to the public. Wu Zetian summarized the virtues of courtiers into seven virtues in The Way of Courtiers: loyalty, courage to remonstrate, honesty, prudence, incorruptibility and benefiting others. Yao Chongde, the phase of Wu Zetian, put forward the "five precepts": fairness and integrity, keeping promises and cheating, selflessness and greed, being honest and clean, and being cautious and independent to the end. In the Song Dynasty, Ruben summarized the core of official morality into three words: "clean", "diligent" and "clean" means clean and not greedy, clean and not dirty. "Caution" means being cautious and serious. Diligence means being diligent in government affairs and never sleeping. In Song Dynasty, Li summarized it as "modesty", "harmony", "honesty", "modesty" and "diligence". In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the connotation of official morality was expanded. In Ming Dynasty, Xue Xuan summarized it into seven essentials, namely, sincerity with heart (righteousness), sincerity with oneself (sincerity), loyalty with monarch (loyalty to monarch), respect with things (respect), faithfulness with things (loyalty) and leniency with others. Yuan Shouding summed it up as "five strategies" in Qing Dynasty.