The first-level professor is the highest level in the title of professor, and the post of college teachers is divided into 13 grades. Among them, the professorship is divided into one to seven grades. Among them, full professor positions include grades one to four, and associate professor positions include grades five to seven; Intermediate posts are divided into three grades, namely, eight to ten grades; The junior post is divided into three grades, namely 1 1 to 13. The overall control objectives of the structural proportion between different levels of senior, middle and junior posts in colleges and universities in China are: the proportion between the second, third and fourth posts is1.36; The ratio of five, six and seven posts is 2: 4: 4, the ratio of eight, nine and ten posts is 3: 4: 3, and the ratio of eleven and twelve posts is 5: 5. Professors who are rated as first-class professors are generally academic leaders, that is, academicians. According to the regulations, only academicians can meet the relevant evaluation standards, so there are many disciplines related to natural sciences, and there are fewer first-class professors in social sciences and humanities.

It has been more than half a century since 65438 to 0956 when he was rated as a first-class professor by the state, but since the 1960s, the title of first-class professor has gradually faded out of the academic field. Since China Renmin University took the lead in re-evaluating the first-class professors in humanities and social sciences in 2009, the ranking of "first-class professors" once again shines in academic circles, and then Shandong University and other universities began to hire first-class professors in humanities and social sciences. Since then, liberal arts professors have also had the opportunity to enter the ranks of first-class professors and become "academicians" in the field of humanities and social sciences.

Set meaning

For a long time, China has not established an academician system in humanities and social sciences, which has caused great differences between first-class scholars in humanities and social sciences and first-class scholars in science and engineering in terms of allowances, housing and academic research conditions. Objectively, it has brought many adverse effects to the development of social science.

May 20th, 2009 is an epoch-making day for scholars engaged in philosophy and social science research. China Renmin University took the lead in carrying out the pilot work of first-class professors in the field of philosophy and social sciences, and 14 scholars in humanities and social sciences were hired as first-class professors, which broke the history that first-class professors could only be obtained by academicians of the two academies, which was of great significance.

Ji Baocheng, president of China Renmin University, believes that all ideas should be implemented through behavior and guaranteed through system. The emphasis on humanities and social sciences is no exception. To build socialism with China characteristics, humanities and social sciences are as important as natural sciences. From the institutional level, it is necessary to truly reverse the "emphasizing reason over literature" and implement the "four equal importance", thus providing a good institutional environment for the prosperity and development of humanities and social sciences and the development of liberal arts higher education.

Teaching and research posts in colleges and universities are generally divided into 13 grades, with the highest being 1 grade and the lowest being 13 grade. This is the first time that colleges and universities have graded teachers' positions since the reform and opening up. But before that, first-class professors were academicians of the two academies, and humanities and social sciences professors had no chance to get first-class professors. It is an exploration and effort to improve the evaluation system of professional titles to take the lead in the pilot work of appointing first-class professors in the field of philosophy and social sciences

In the view of Ji Baocheng, president of China Renmin University, "the appointment of first-class professors in liberal arts has broad and far-reaching significance, which helps to make the appointment of teachers in colleges and universities more standardized and complete; It helps to improve the initiative, enthusiasm and creativity of liberal arts teachers in colleges and universities; It is helpful to change the ethos and tendency of attaching importance to science and neglecting humanities, so as to attract more outstanding young people to apply for humanities and social sciences, further improve the quality of students majoring in humanities and social sciences, attract more young teachers to engage in liberal arts teaching and research, and further improve the structure and quality of liberal arts teachers; It will also help to achieve social justice and harmony, thus promoting mutual respect, mutual learning and equal coexistence between humanities and social science workers and natural science workers, and then comprehensively promoting the prosperity of education and science in China. "

The significance of this move lies in improving the status of humanities and social sciences scholars, reflecting the importance attached to the whole humanities and social sciences, and encouraging humanities and social sciences to produce master scholars. The academic evaluation system, which takes the number of published papers as the standard and only pays attention to quantity but not quality, restricts the depth and quality of academic research. Eliminating "digital professors" is a direction of evaluation mechanism in colleges and universities. The establishment of a first-class professor position in humanities and social sciences is helpful to establish and improve the evaluation criteria for outstanding talents, and has far-reaching significance for cultivating and bringing up innovative talents, and will also inject new blood into humanities and social sciences in China.

Only academicians are first-class professors.

Professor level 4 is the lowest level of full professor position.

So, there is a big difference.

Professors and doctoral supervisors

The difference between a first-level professor and a fourth-level professor, for example, a first-level professor is like Mount Everest, and a fourth-level professor is like the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, known as the "roof of the world" and the highest plateau in the world. Mount Qomolangma is higher than the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, so I am proud of it!

The first-class professor is not only the highest level of professional and technical positions in China, but also the highest level of professors (there are 7 associate professors).

How big is the difference? It can be said that although Tuba is a professor, he is not "a class" at all, not a class at all!

Professor, what a great senior intellectual you are in the eyes of ordinary people. You can be called an expert and scholar!

Don't you know that professors in colleges and universities are divided into associate professors, and associate professors are actually divided into 1~7 grades. To be disrespectful, there are thousands of colleges and universities in China, and there are many professors like "crossing the river"!

And the first-class professors, that's a "rare" group of professors, a "crown" group of professors, baby, rare!

It can meet the employment qualifications of first-class professors, namely academicians of the two academies and senior scholars of humanities and social sciences, namely academic masters. Colleges and universities do not have the right to appoint first-class professors, who are appointed by the state.

First-class professors are generally leaders in academic circles. According to the relevant regulations, basically only academicians can meet the evaluation criteria of first-class professors, so most first-class professors are natural sciences, and few first-class professors are humanities and social sciences.

Even second-level professors are generally closely related to leading figures in academic circles. Basically, only those second-level professors who have made great contributions in related fields can meet the relevant evaluation standards, so most second-level professors are natural sciences, and there are fewer second-level professors who teach humanities and social sciences.

Professors are divided into 1~4 professors, and associate professors are divided into 5~7 associate professors. First-class professors can enjoy the corresponding treatment at the provincial and ministerial levels, and fourth-class professors can enjoy the corresponding treatment at the deputy bureau level, with great differences (see attached table).

Professor level 4, just out of associate professor, just stepped into the door of professor; In other words, I just boarded the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the base of Everest March, and the first step of Everest March. It is far, far away from the sacred hall of first-class professors towering at the top of Mount Everest. It may be difficult to reach the top with all the strength of the wild, and most of them may just "look at the top and sigh", which will be difficult to reach for life!

Attachment: List of some first-class professors in Tsinghua, Peking University (the first batch in New China was 1956, but it was basically not approved in 1970s. )

Peking University:

First-class professors: Feng Youlan, Xiong Shili, Xu, Duan Xuefu, Zhou Peiyuan, Ye, Wang Zhuxi, Rao Yutai, Hu Ning, Fu Ying, Huang Ziqing, Li Ruqi, Le Senyu, Wang Li, You Guoen, Cao Lianya (Jinghua), Ji Xianlin, Wei, Feng Zhi, Zhu Guangqian, Zeng Zhaolun, Wang Li.

First-class professors in Tsinghua University: Zhang Mingtao, Meng, Liang Sicheng, Zhang Guangdou, Shi Jiayang, Qian Weichang, Zhang Wei, Zhang, Ma Yuehan.

From the above list of first-class professors in Tsinghua, Peking University, we can see the weight of first-class professors!

Timetable:

There are college talents with temperature and inspiration to answer your questions.

How big is the gap between a first-level professor and a fourth-level professor? In the eyes of a college personnel worker, one is king and the other is bronze. Of course, bronze is only for professors, and the king belongs to everyone.

Professors are already the highest titles in teachers' series, but there are also great differences among professors. Therefore, when setting up teachers' posts, professors are divided into four grades, namely, professors 1 to 4 (correspondingly, associate professors and lecturers are also divided into three grades).

As soon as a professor is evaluated, he will be automatically designated as a professor at level 4, which is the lowest level of a professor and the lowest salary among professors. The employment period of teachers' posts is generally four years, that is to say, if there is no new outstanding performance in these four years, they are all appointed according to the four levels of professors.

After the end of the employment period, the school will evaluate the performance of the professor. If he passes the exam, he can continue to hire or compete for a higher position. Those who fail to pass the examination may be employed as associate professors in the next employment period, and the corresponding treatment will be reduced. This is the employment of posts in colleges and universities, which can be promoted or lowered and posts can be changed.

For those who have achieved excellent results during the employment period, they can directly compete for third-level or even second-level professors. It depends on the level of performance. Generally speaking, tertiary professorships account for 20% to 30% of all professorships, with more dominant disciplines and fewer weak ones. Third-level professors are positioned as academic leaders, with independent teams, or small team leaders under the national big team, or must be awarded the title of provincial talents or national young talents. Many schools have higher requirements for the positions of third-level professors, and even there will be a phenomenon that they are not satisfied with their jobs. This shows that most professors actually belong to ordinary professors who survived through time and space. The third-level professor is already one of the best.

Second-level professors are more demanding. There is a saying in the personnel circle that the level of second-level professors determines the height of a school. Because the position of the second-level professor is the leader of the discipline, there are basically 1-2 people in a discipline, which does not exceed 10% of all professors. The academic leader is the most influential and appealing professor in this discipline, who can lead other teachers in this discipline to win major national projects and awards, and lead a large team or innovative group. The person who can get the post of second-level professor is either a national talent hat like Changjiang Jieqing or the chief expert of major national projects. They are not only the main force of scientific research, but also the backup candidates to hit the peak of talents.

The pinnacle of this talent is a first-class professor. His qualifications are academicians of the two academies and senior scholars of humanities and social sciences, that is, academic masters. Colleges and universities do not have the right to appoint first-class professors, and the appointment is also a national appointment. You can hire anyone who meets the requirements. If you don't have it, don't hire it. A school with first-class professors means that it has full-time academicians. If a school has a bunch of academicians, but no first-class professors, it can only show that these academicians are all working part-time outside. The income of first-class professors is hard to say. An annual salary of one million is nothing. Academicians can enjoy the treatment of deputy ministerial level and have a special medical and health care team to serve them.

It should be clear to all that the gap between the first-level professors and the fourth-level professors is huge. Compared with associate professors and lecturers, CET-4 professors are better, but they can only be regarded as the half-way of their academic career. A first-class professor is the peak that countless people expect.

Take ourselves as an example. There is a considerable difference between a professor at level 4 and a professor at level 4. There are one to four levels of professors in our country. The number of first-level professors is relatively small, and they are generally prestigious professors. The number of professors in the second, third and fourth grades is gradually increasing. The fourth level is the most basic professor level, and below the fourth level can only be an associate professor.

Associate professors range from Grade 5 to Grade 7, Grade 7 is the lowest associate professor, and Grade 7 can only be a lecturer.

Since liberation, the rank of professors has always followed this system. In short, the evaluation is strict and the promotion is very difficult. The proportion of senior, intermediate and junior titles in each school is generally (taking our own school as an example). Senior titles include full professors, associate professors account for about 30%, and intermediate and below titles account for about 70%. Of course, due to the different grades of colleges and universities, the proportion of senior titles and middle and low titles will be different. For example, Fudan University, Jiaotong University and other schools will have more senior titles, while the number of middle and lower titles will be correspondingly less, depending on the specific conditions of each school.

The difference between a first-level professor and a fourth-level professor should be viewed from two aspects:

On the one hand, it is the difference in wages and benefits. First-class professors account for a small proportion of professors. Except academicians of the two academies, most of them are leading figures and influential figures in their professional fields. The salary, allowance and other treatment levels are different in different colleges and universities, and the gap with the four-level professors is even greater. However, due to the complexity of the situation, it is not easy to express this difference with a specific number.

On the other hand, there are great differences in status and even honor. Top scientists are first-class professors, and academicians of the two academies are first-class professors. Even ordinary first-class professors are often celebrities. In terms of quantity, the four-level professors account for 60% of the total number of professors. Although most of them have made some academic achievements, they are far from the status of first-class professors.

Of course, for most people in society, because they don't know so much, when they say someone is a professor, they often don't care about the level of the professor. After all, they are all professors!

Incorrect answer, please criticize and correct me!

There are only the following types of people who can teach at the first level in China: academicians of the two academies, members of the social science department, and industry leaders with the same strength as academicians of the two academies or members of the social science department. Only these people will be first-level professors. In many domestic universities of science, technology and agriculture, the first-level professors are academicians. If you are not an academician, you are also an old gentleman who is far more powerful than an academician in the industry (some may miss the academician because of their age, and some simply don't want to participate in the review).

Professor level 4 is the lowest level among full professors and belongs to the threshold of just entering a suitable height. In ordinary colleges and universities, many four-level professors may become associate professors in 985 colleges and universities (not to say that the level is not good, the platform is not strong, and it is difficult to make achievements). However, professors who basically enter the Gao Zheng system are the backbone or potential leaders of a subdivision project in their major. Therefore, in this case, one is an academic leader and a big bull in the industry, and the other is a new young and middle-aged business backbone. So the difference is self-evident.

This problem is simple and simple, complicated and complicated. Some are clear, some are vague, and even dark!

Academicians of China Academy of Sciences and China Academy of Engineering can evaluate and hire first-class professors. It is also the highest rank of higher education series 13. People often say: Does a professor have a rank? Yes, but I made it very clear that it flourished from 1956 after the founding of New China to 2009, but few people except college teachers generally understood this doorway.

Academicians of the two academies are almost all top figures in the field of natural science in China, and first-class professors can match them. In fact, this is not much different from the macro-level salary of professors in grades 2, 3 and 4, but it has a higher status in the field of natural science and should be respected. But the titles are all professors. But just like Yuan Longping, Zhong Nanshan, Zhang Boli, Li Lanjuan and other academicians and experts of the older generation went to Tu Youyou, we think they got 10000 for more than a month. Is it so much?

As for the humanities, first-class professors are rare. Because there is no first in literature and no second in martial arts. It's hard to say, let alone judge!

My father and I are both university teachers, and my father is an expert in steel metallurgy. In order to support national construction, Huize, Chongqing, Lanzhou, Gansu, Baotou, Inner Mongolia and Maanshan, Anhui have traveled all over China. My hometown is Xiangtan, Hunan, a small mountain village not far from Shaoshan. Dad 9 1 enjoys the special allowance of the state Council and is a third-level professor. 1999, retired at the age of 63 and continued to work as an expert group and working Committee until he was 83 years old. To this day, he is still studying and sometimes reading Dr. Shuo's thesis. Why? Son, I deeply know that technical work and education are his beliefs and books are his lifeblood.

I was hired as a senior experimenter (associate professor) on 20 12, with the rank of grade 7 (grade 5-7). I looked up to my father and the experts and professors of the older generation, and I never dared to relax. They are towering mountains, and they are the backbone of China. Although I have passed my destiny, I must be full of energy and struggle. Otherwise, I don't know if I can see their backs, and I am surrounded by my beloved grandchildren. I must go forward bravely.

The difference between a first-level professor and a fourth-level professor is not the salary, neither of them can make a fortune, but what you can do for your country and the world, what you have done and what you are doing.

At present, the evaluation of university professors is Grade 4, and ordinary people can't be by going up one flight of stairs.

Look at the first-class professors of the National People's Congress.

In April 2009, China Renmin University launched the first batch of first-class professors. At present, there are first-class professors: the first batch (Fang, Liu, Ji Baocheng, Wu Yifeng, Song Tao,,,, Zheng Hangsheng, Hu Naiwu, Huang Da, Zeng, Dai Yi), the second batch (Wang Liming, Gang Lin, Yuan Wei) and the third batch (Wang Zijin, Feng Huiling, Wu Xiaoqiu,

In addition, some schools are not first-class professors. For example, Zhejiang University claims to be a senior professor of liberal arts, and there are more than a dozen, which can be seen.

East China Normal University is called tenured professor, 7 1. Every school is different.

? In the past, the criteria for selecting professors in every province were the same. Now, let go. Every school is different. The same professor, watching the school. An associate professor in 985 is also an excellent professor at 2 1 1.

You must have a lot of university teachers around you, right? You may not know which of them is a professor, who is an associate professor and what grade. So today, Mr. Miao will talk about the titles of university teachers, and then take the United States as an example to talk about the differences between Chinese and American professor titles.

First, the current titles of university teachers in China.

Although we are all university teachers, the differences between people are really quite big. The support degree of university teachers from high to low is:

① Professor: There are four levels, one to four. This level is Super Bull, an academician of the Academy of Sciences or an academician of the Academy of Engineering, or at least an associate academician. The second level is slightly lower than the first level, but it is also the level of academic giants, and almost has the title of Jieqing or Changjiang Scholar.

② Associate Professor: There are three grades, five to seven grades.

Lecturer: There are three levels, eight to ten.

Among them, senior titles include professors and associate professors, with seven levels in total, and lecturers are intermediate titles. In recent years, there are still many names for young teachers in colleges and universities, such as distinguished professor, which is similar to the tenure track system in the United States. In other words, there is no grading during the assessment period, but grading after 3-5 years.

It is generally believed that professors in high-level universities are easier to evaluate. Teacher Miao needs to clarify that this is really not the case. The higher the university, the greater the competition, so it's really not that easy. Therefore, an associate professor in a high-level college may have a higher level than a professor in an ordinary college.

Second, the difference between a first-level professor and a fourth-level professor

As a professor, the highest level and the lowest level are naturally far apart. This difference is mainly reflected in quantity, status, qualifications, academic contribution, treatment and so on.

The proportion of professors at different levels in different universities is different, but the proportion of the second, third and fourth grades is 1: 3: 6 on the whole, and the first grade can no longer be said by proportion. After all, academician level is rare. In terms of quantity, the first-level professors are far less than the fourth-level professors.

From the status point of view, no matter the academic status or social status, the first-level professor is much higher than the fourth-level professor, which is embodied in the fact that the fourth-level professor needs to endorse himself with the word professor, and the first-level professor adds luster to the word professor with his own name.

From the perspective of seniority, unless you are an academic genius and you are lucky, first-class professors are not young. After all, you need to make a little academic achievement and a little promotion. In terms of treatment, there is no place for first-level professors to spend money, you know.

Third, the "professional titles" of American university teachers.

Teacher Miao put quotation marks on the title because there is no domestic title system in the United States, and the word is just for convenience of comparison.

In the United States, doctoral students who have just entered universities are all assistant professors, and it takes several years to ensure the teaching position, which is the above-mentioned tenure system.

Getting a stable teaching position smoothly is basically an associate professor, which we can understand as an iron rice bowl, because the school can't expel you casually. If everything goes well, your scientific research results are good, and peer review is good, you will have a chance to be a professor in the exam.

The difference between a first-level professor and a fourth-level professor is very, very big. Although it seems that it is only from the first-level post to the fourth-level post, its administrative level is from the provincial level, the deputy provincial level, the main hall level to the deputy hall level, so the difference is very big, which can be said to be a world of difference.

Only academicians and senior scholars in humanities and social sciences are qualified to hire first-class professors. First-class professors are masters of academic circles, hired by the state and the peak of talents. Only famous universities have top talents. Second-level professors are also very demanding. They are the academic leaders of a university. Generally, there are only 1-2 people in a subject. They lead large groups to engage in scientific research projects in universities and are the main force of scientific research. Their level determines the height of the school. Third-level professors account for 20%-30% of all associate professor positions. They are academic leaders, usually the heads of small teams under large teams. Only those who have won the title of provincial-level talents or national-level young talents are eligible for employment. The professor of level 4 is the lowest rank among professors and the lowest salary among professors. The employment period is four years. Only after passing the examination can we renew or compete for the appointment of a third-level professor. If you fail in the exam, you may be hired as an associate professor.

It is not easy to be hired as a professor in a university. Even the fourth-level professors need years of hard work. It's amazing that many people can get a four-level professor all their lives.