The ancient education in China refers to the educational thoughts, educational institutions and educators in the history of China. From the broad sense of culture, the culture created by human beings, that is, experience, knowledge and skills, is passed down and spread through broad sense of education. Therefore, education is the main means to spread human culture.
The Content of Ancient Education in China
First, the content of slavery education
China's slave society refers to the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and the content of its school education is mainly "Six Arts". The order of "Six Arts" is "Rite, Music, Shooting, Imperial, Calligraphy and Numbering", which has been the title since the Zhou Dynasty, indicating that the selection and arrangement of the order of "Six Arts" in the Zhou Dynasty, which was "cultivating scholars with rites", was just the need of the society at that time. If you look at it in historical order. Speaking of "shooting, imperial, music, ceremony, writing and counting". A detailed description of the educational content of each dynasty in the slave period;
(1) Xia Dynasty
Military coach (emphasis: practice shooting); Religious education (core: respect for ancestors); Moral education of interpersonal relationship.
(2) Shang Dynasty
It has the appearance of "six arts education": ideological and political education (centered on filial piety)+military education+music education+book number education.
(2) Western Zhou Dynasty
Six arts (ceremony, music, shooting, imperial, calligraphy, number). Rites and music are the center of the six arts, and the number of books is the foundation.
(3) Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period
Political views and moral thoughts of various schools, as well as new knowledge and new skills.
1. Confucius: Wen Xing is faithful. The Analects of Confucius records: "Confucius taught four things: writing, action, loyalty and faith." "Wen" refers to cultural knowledge, including "Six Classics" (poetry, calligraphy, ceremony, music, Yi, Spring and Autumn Period). Behavior, loyalty and belief are the requirements of moral code of conduct. In the whole education of Confucius, moral education occupies the primary position.
2. Mencius: Moral education with filial piety as the main body.
3. Mozi: Oppose the education of rites and music and attach importance to the education of science and technology. Based on the basic concept of "universal love", we attach importance to the study of literature and history knowledge and the cultivation of logical thinking ability, and also attach importance to the spread of practical technology. It can be summarized as follows: ① politics and morality; ② Science and technology; 3 literature and history; 4 thinking ability.
4. Xunzi: Confucian classics, such as poetry, books, rituals, music, spring and autumn.
Second, an overview of the feudal education content
In the school education of feudal society in China, the education above technical secondary school mainly taught the Four Books and Five Classics, so as to cultivate talents who could "govern the country" and "level the world". The Five Classics originated from the poems, books, rites, music, changes and the Spring and Autumn Period (Six Classics) compiled by Confucius. "Four Books" refers to The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Daxue and The Doctrine of the Mean.