Answer: 1. A: Education management is to predict, plan, organize, guide, supervise and coordinate, motivate and control all kinds of educational institutions under the jurisdiction of a country or region under the constraints of political, economic and cultural environment, so as to develop and rationally allocate limited educational resources, thus improving the quality of education, enhancing the efficiency of running schools and stabilizing teaching.

Educational management has the following characteristics:

(1) systematization. Systematization means that educational organizations, people in educational organizations and the external environment of educational organizations are three indispensable aspects, which exist in a unity, and one of these three aspects will play a major role in a specific period and under specific conditions.

(2) interactivity. Interaction refers to the mutual restriction of the above three factors, and the change of any one or two factors can lead to the change of the other one or two factors; If one or two of these factors are adjusted, the influence on the other one or two factors must also be considered.

(3) openness. Openness means that educational organizations and the people and social environment in educational organizations are self-contained, but the educational organization system and the people's system in educational organizations interact and are influenced by the social environment system respectively, thus producing the functions of educational organization system and social environment system, educational organization system and people's system in educational organizations.

(4) integration. Integration means that educational organizations, people in educational organizations and social environment will show their best state under certain circumstances. If educational administrators can combine the best conditions of the three, they will get the greatest benefit.