Lifelong education is associated with the names of paul long of France and Paul legrand of France. When it comes to lifelong education, you will think of Lungland; When it comes to lifelong education, you will think of Lungland; When it comes to lengrand, you will think of lifelong education. 1965 Zhao used the word "lifelong education" at the UNESCO adult education conference held in Paris, and used the word "lifelong education" at the UNESCO adult education conference held in Paris, which explained the necessity of lifelong education. The necessity of lifelong education is expounded. The idea of lifelong education has existed since ancient times. There is a proverb in China: Never too old to learn, and there is a proverb in China: Never too old to learn. But as an educational theory and ideological trend, it is never too late to learn. However, as an educational theory and educational trend of thought, the significance of lifelong education is not limited to the education of "never too old to learn" in China, nor to the individual life and individual learning in the sense of "never too old to learn" in China. In the sense of individual life and individual learning. Lungeland's concept of lifelong education has two meanings: first, the concept of education has two meanings: first, lifelong education is a person's education from birth to death; Lifelong education after death; The second meaning is the unity and integration of personal education and social education. In other words, lifelong education cannot be limited to the individual level. In other words, lifelong education should not be limited to the individual level, but should be regarded as the education of the whole nation and society. Education as a country and the whole society. Lifelong education is the unity of individual lifelong education opportunities and social education opportunities. In short, the unity of educational opportunities in society is lifelong education. In a word, it is the unification and integration of all educational opportunities. For individuals, lifelong education is a unified synthesis of consistent educational opportunities in life. For society, it is an education for all citizens and all mankind. Therefore, education is the education of all citizens and all mankind to society. Therefore, lifelong education is a personal problem on the one hand and a social problem on the other. On the one hand, education is a personal problem, on the other hand, it is also a social problem. The unity of the two is lifelong education. Unity is lifelong education.
Lifelong Education in China
? Amateur education. On-the-job cadre education. 1949, amateur education comes first. On-the-job cadre education. 1998 The Common Program formulated by the China People's Political Consultative Conference has the nature of an interim constitution: the legal Common Program puts forward that "the amateur education of workers and the education of on-the-job cadres should be strengthened"; ? Education of workers and peasants. 1950, the State Council (later education of workers and peasants. In, the State Council issued instructions, and the State Council issued instructions to make sure that the education of workers and peasants was listed as the focus of national education; The focus of family education;
Lifelong Education in China
? Adult education. 1985 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's "decision on the reform of the education system" was the first formal adult education. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China put forward "adult education" in "the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's Decision on Educational System Reform". The article points out that "adult education" is extremely important to education in China. The article points out that "adult education" is an integral part of the State Council. Approved by the State Council in June1987 (Decision of the State Education Commission on the Reform and Development of Adult Education in the State Council in June). This is the first time that the country has issued a decision on adult education. )。 This is the first time that the country has issued a decision on adult education. This is the first time that the country has issued a decision on adult education. ? Lifelong education. 1993 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Outline of Education Reform and Development in China, lifelong education. The Outline of Education Reform and Development in China issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council, in 2000, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally put forward lifelong education for the first time (educational concept points out that adult education is the concept of traditional school education, and formally put forward the concept of lifelong education for the first time, pointing out that adult education is a new educational system that has developed from traditional school education to lifelong education. Towards a new education system of lifelong education. 1995 In March, the National People's Congress passed the Education Law of the People's Republic of China and the Education Law of the People's Republic of China in March. Article 19 stipulates that the state practices the adult dogma and encourages the development of various forms of adult education. In order to enable citizens to receive appropriate forms of political, economic, cultural, scientific, technical and professional education and lifelong education, article 1 1 stipulates that the state should gradually establish and improve the lifelong education system; 1996 approved by the State Council, the state gradually established and improved the lifelong education system; 1999 approved by the State Council and promulgated by the State Council in 2006, 2 1 century education revitalization action plan? By 20 10, the lifelong learning system was basically established; The lifelong learning system is basically established in the Action Plan for Revitalizing Education in the Century; The lifelong learning system was basically established in the Action Plan for the Revitalization of Education in the Century 1999 "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Deepening Education Reform and Promoting Quality Education in an All-round Way". The decisions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on deepening education reform and promoting quality education in an all-round way proposed to gradually improve the lifelong learning system. Put forward to gradually improve the lifelong learning system.
Lifelong education is difficult to implement in China.
China's economy needs to develop and improve.
The implementation of lifelong education with national characteristics lacks national atmosphere and traditional ideological education conditions, and the educational conditions for building a lifelong education system are insufficient.
According to the experience of developing lifelong education in some advanced countries in the world, when the per capita GDP reaches 5000 dollars, it basically has the material foundation to build a lifelong education system. When basic education is not satisfied, lifelong education does not exist at all; Only when the educational resources meet the needs of citizens' basic education can the construction of lifelong education system be put on the agenda. Although China's per capita GDP has exceeded $65,438+$0,000 in 2003, and it is moving from a low-income country to a high-income country, the economic foundation for building lifelong education is obviously meager. Even in some developed areas in Shanghai and southern Jiangsu, the per capita GDP can only reach about $3,000 or more. It can only be said that it is possible to initially try to build a lifelong education system in these cities and regions, but it is not available in most parts of China. Generally speaking, China lacks the economic foundation to build a lifelong education system. China used 2% of the world's public education funds to maintain the education of 23% of the world's basic education population. The serious shortage of education funds makes it impossible for a large number of primary school graduates, junior high school graduates and senior high school graduates to enter a higher level school every year. Only 65,438+0,997 years ago, about 9.7 million primary school graduates and junior high school graduates could not enter higher-level schools, but since the 1980s, it has accumulated to more than 65,438+0 billion. In this case, it is difficult to have too many financial resources to support the development of lifelong education for all except paying for school education.
The Chinese civilization accumulated in the past 5,000 years has always been a valuable asset that we have praised for the world. Property. Until modern times, the development of China was basically the same as that of the Qin and Han Dynasties, with a slow development. Type, the development is slow. Although China has actively introduced advanced western science, technology and cultural thoughts in modern times and made rapid development and progress, the advanced science, technology and cultural thoughts have made rapid development and progress. However, the characteristics of a nation are just like people's character. Once formed, the characteristics of national "stability" are just like human character, and once formed, it will have a potential impact on the present and the future. Can change the potential impact on the present and the future. School education in the field of education equals education, one-time school education is lifelong, one-time school education is lifelong, and even school education equals one-time school education is lifelong or even negative. The misconceptions of excluding social education, amateur education, denial, exclusion of social education, amateur education, on-the-job education and other informal education are all reflected. This erroneous idea of seeking "education" in national characteristics is a kind of reflection. The combination of this "stability" feature of national characteristics with the traditional educational concept that still has a market at present leads to the combination of lifelong education with the traditional educational concept that still has a market at present, which leads to the lack of national atmosphere in the implementation of lifelong education in China. Just like the implementation of "One Root", China lacks national atmosphere at present. Intangible ropes, like intangible ropes, restrict the spread and promotion of lifelong education ideas, seriously hinder the complete planning and expansion of lifelong education system, seriously hinder the complete planning, thinking and design of lifelong education system, and hinder the establishment of lifelong education system. Design hinders the establishment of lifelong education system.
According to the standards of lifelong education system, the basic educational conditions for constructing lifelong education system are: the basic conditions for completing the "two basics" education with high standards are to basically complete the "two basics" with high standards and popularize high school education. The development of higher education has entered the historical task of popularizing high school education. The development of higher education has entered the popularization stage of high school education (popularization stage 18 ~ 22 years old, the gross enrollment rate of high school-age youth is above 15%, adult education is relatively developed, and the training rate of urban and rural workers is above 50%. Social education is relatively developed, which can ensure the lifelong life of working people. According to these conditions, China still insists on overall study and education. According to these conditions, there is no standard for China as a whole, and there is still no standard for the implementation of lifelong education in China. There are still many basic problems in the implementation of lifelong education in China. Many problems of its own foundation. First, the strategic position of education has not been really implemented so far. The strategic position of teaching first education has not been really implemented so far. The strategic position of education has not been really implemented so far, and the strategic understanding of education only stays in oral and policy documents. Second, the strategic understanding of education only stays in oral and policy documents. Second, China's education legal system is not perfect, and there are problems in judicature and law enforcement. . Third, China's education legal system is not perfect, and there are problems in judicature and law enforcement. . The third justice. . The development of basic engineering education in the third lifelong education is extremely unbalanced. Fourth, the development of basic engineering and basic education of lifelong education is extremely uneven. The fourth education system has disadvantages. . Fifth, there are drawbacks in the relatively thin education system for teachers. . Fifth, the teaching staff is relatively thin. . The fifth faculty is relatively thin.
Countermeasures and suggestions for implementing lifelong education in China
Accelerate economic development and government leadership and management, strengthen the construction of legal system, strengthen the construction of high-quality teachers, study and reform the education system and public opinion propaganda, and change "exam-oriented education" into "quality education"
With the help of the development of modern media, extensive publicity is carried out through publishing, television, radio and internet, and at the same time, the idea of "lifelong education" is popularized, and a "lifelong education year" is set up for centralized publicity, which has formed a certain momentum and achieved the effect of popularization. At the same time, by analyzing and comparing various outdated concepts in traditional thinking, taking the reform and renewal of educational concepts as the guide, lifelong education has been promoted, and six major changes in ideological concepts have been realized: 1, from the highly centralized and unified concept of running a school to the concept of running a school jointly by the government, society and citizens. 2. From the concept of paying attention to one-time education to the concept of lifelong education and lifelong learning. 3. From one-sided emphasis on school education and diploma to the idea of paying equal attention to all kinds of education. 4. Change from the education view of a few people to the education view of the whole people. 5. From the pursuit of self-contained and self-enclosed educational concept to mutual opening, exchange and integration, and jointly form the concept of "big education". 6. Change from the concept of "take your time" in lifelong education to the concept of "from now on".
When we speed up the pace, promote the rapid development of China's productive forces, improve economic strength, and provide a strong financial pillar for China's education development, reasonable management, comprehensive scheduling and macro-control of various funds will really bring rich financial guarantee for China's education development. According to international practice, the funds for lifelong education in China can be shared by the government, enterprises, social organizations and individuals in proportion. First of all, when arranging budgets at all levels, the government should continue to adhere to and ensure the "three growth" of education funds, ensure the normal operation and sustainable development of social education institutions such as public libraries, museums, cultural centers and memorial halls, and gradually increase the proportion of investment in lifelong education for all. Second, give full play to the economic component of cooperative education. Third, enterprises should bear the corresponding staff training expenses and guarantee them in the form of laws and regulations. Fourth, encourage individuals and families to invest in education.
First of all, speed up the investigation, drafting and formulation of the lifelong education law. Secondly, we should solve the problems of unclear responsibilities and vague and inaccurate expressions in the existing educational laws and regulations in China, and establish a vertical system of educational laws and regulations, so that the laws can be implemented smoothly. Thirdly, strengthen the construction of education law enforcement, formulate relevant punishment measures for violations, make law enforcement concrete and operable, and strengthen the strength and practicality of law enforcement.
The government has liberalized its autonomy in running schools, effectively performed its macro-management and supervision functions, and improved the coordination and management ability of the national education administrative departments. At the same time, actively create conditions, promote multimedia teaching, distance education and network education, reform traditional teaching methods, and finally realize the modernization of teaching means and methods. With the help of these modern means, resources can be shared, the latest educational information and consultation can be disseminated to the old, underdeveloped, marginal and poor areas in time, the gap with developed areas can be minimized, and the balanced development of education can be realized. Of course, the tilt and support of state education funds for education in these areas and one-on-one assistance for poor people in developed areas are very important.