Li (1896~ 1970), formerly known as Hangzhou, Zhejiang. He was born in a scholarly family in Jiangnan. His father, Li Liangyu, was a master of epigraphy and calligraphy in the late Qing Dynasty, and Gao Zu Li E was a leading figure in the poetry circle in the Qing Dynasty. His three brothers Li Suizhi, Li Erkang and Li Yingcheng were also famous figures in the Republic of China. According to records, the Li family is descended from Jiang Ziya, the founder of the Zhou Dynasty. Born in a famous family, Li was influenced by a good family since childhood and laid a solid foundation in Chinese studies. When I was studying in the middle school attached to Hangzhou, I was classmates with Xu Zhimo and Yu Dafu and became close friends. After graduating from the Language Department of Tongji University, Li studied at Shangzhi University for four years. After returning to China, he obtained the official expenses for studying in Germany with excellent results. During his stay in Germany, he received a master's degree in law from Jena University and a doctor's degree in philosophy from Heidelberg University. During his ten years abroad, Li met a group of scholars studying in Germany, such as Zhu De, Lin Yutang and Chen Yinque, and came into contact with many western progressive ideas. All these paved the way for him to embark on the road of "non-violence and non-cooperation" with the Japanese aggressors in the future.
After returning to China, Li actively participated in national education and cultural diplomacy. 1932, Li visited Europe on behalf of the national * *, and after returning to China, he actively participated in educational construction and cultural and educational exchanges and cooperation between China and Europe, which effectively promoted the educational reform in China and cultural exchanges between China and Europe. Together with Cai Yuanpei, Zhu Jiahua, Tao Xingzhi, Chen Lifu and others, he initiated the establishment of influential foreign organizations and cultural and educational groups such as China World Cultural Cooperation Association, Sino-German Cultural Association, China Education Association and China Education Film Association during the Republic of China. During this period, he successively served as Director of Social Education Department of the Ministry of Education of People's Republic of China (PRC), Vice Chairman of the Examination Committee of the Examination Institute, Professor of National Central University, and concurrently served as member of the Standing Committee of People's Republic of China (PRC) Film Review Committee, director of the League of Nations of China, and director of the Sino-German Society.
As one of the highest administrative officials of the film industry in the period of the National Government, Li actively absorbed and used for reference the latest foreign ideas and technological achievements to reform the film industry in China. He actively promoted educational films, set standards for domestic films, and * * * bad films; He vigorously developed the national film industry, actively raised funds to shoot domestic high-quality educational films, held the selection of excellent domestic films, and put forward the film grading system in China for the first time; Actively promote high-quality domestic films such as Yu and Modern Three Girls to participate in international film festivals, and introduce a number of excellent foreign educational films. Co-edited and published China Film Yearbook (1934), the first film encyclopedia dictionary in China.
From 65438 to 0936, Li translated and published the representative work "The Thought of a Soldier" by General Sechett, the father of the German Defence Force. This book is widely circulated in the army and has become an important reference book for army building. On the eve of the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, he was invited by Jiang Baili, a friend of military theorist, to translate German military works for him, and then he followed Jiang Baili's suggestion and moved his family from Nanjing to Shanghai to help him translate German military works. During the eight-year Anti-Japanese War, Li translated many Japanese and German military works and did a lot of research. His research achievements have played an important role in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, but most of them are unsigned, so in the field of military education, his name is not as well known to the public as Jiang Baili.
At the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, Li, Cai Yuanpei, and other celebrities in Shanghai cultural circles jointly organized and established the Shanghai Cultural Salvation Association, and actively organized and mobilized cultural circles to participate in the Anti-Japanese National Salvation Movement. Shanghai Cultural Salvation Association was the most influential organization among the anti-Japanese national salvation groups at that time, which played an active role in organizing intellectuals to contribute to the anti-Japanese national salvation movement and influencing ordinary people with their thoughts. It also took the initiative to carry out international propaganda, which expanded the international influence of China people's anti-Japanese war and promoted the cooperation between Kuomintang and Communist Party. As founding members of the Shanghai Cultural Salvation Association, Li and Cai Yuanpei jointly issued a long statement with presidents and professors of major universities in China, exposing the criminal atrocities of the Japanese army deliberately destroying educational institutions in China, and set up an international publicity committee under the Shanghai Cultural Salvation Association to expand publicity and win the support of people all over the world. In addition, Li was also accepted as a member of the Shanghai Anti-Japanese National Salvation League, the "highest organization" of Shanghai anti-Japanese national salvation groups. The organization led and coordinated various social groups and national salvation groups in Shanghai, and carried out a lot of anti-Japanese support work, especially during the "August 13" Battle of Songhu, which played an active role in coordinating and supporting front-line operations. However, with the failure of the Battle of Songhu, the Japanese army invaded the Chinese community in Shanghai, and the Shanghai Cultural Salvation Association and the Shanghai Anti-Enemy Support Association were dissolved.
During the "isolated island period" in Shanghai, Li still stuck to the "isolated island" and worked hard to cultivate cultural elites on the anti-Japanese front for the country. Li lived in Seymour Road, an Anglo-American concession under the control of Anglo-American countries at that time. Although his life is poor, he can still maintain it. After work, he often helps Jewish refugees who have fled to Shanghai and gives them whatever help he can. During this period, Li was invited by his good friend He Bingsong to teach at Jinan University. Li Ben, who is already quite famous in the field of educational research, can move to the rear area and continue his academic path in a relatively safe environment. However, in order to cultivate more talents for the country and the nation, he resolutely gave up his academic research work and concentrated most of his energy on cultivating students, encouraging them to serve the country faithfully and resolutely resist Japan. He endured the harsh political environment and hard living environment and continued to stay on the "island" of Jinan University.
1942 After the Japanese invaded Shanghai, Jinan University moved out of Shanghai, while Li stayed in Shanghai, facing an unprecedented sinister environment, fighting the invaders with his "non-violence and non-cooperation". As Li was a celebrity at that time, he held an important position in the Ministry of Education and studied in Japan. The Japanese invaders and puppet authorities tried to win him over many times and forced him to work for them by various means of corrosion and temptation. The Japanese told Li that as long as he cooperated, he could be given a high position, such as Minister of Education or Dean of the Examination Institute. In the face of threats and inducements, Li is neither humble nor humble, and finds various reasons to shirk. He secretly made up his mind that he would never serve the Japanese invaders. He firmly believes that War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression will win in the end. Li's supercilious, non-violent and non-cooperative attitude made the Japanese helpless. According to Mr. Li Zhizi, a senior diplomat and famous international jurist in China, during the occupation of Shanghai, his father often told him that he was just a scholar and could not save the wounded and rescue the dying and join the army to resist Japan like his two brothers. All he can do is "non-violence and non-cooperation" with the Japanese and try his best to train more talents for the country.
Li believes that non-violence does not mean giving in and compromising to the invaders. Real strength comes not from violence, but from non-violence, from mind and thought. His thought of "non-violence and non-cooperation" originated from Gandhi, but it was different from Gandhi. Li believes that you should choose non-violent struggle only when you are incapable of violent struggle. He is not opposed to the use of force against invaders, and even thinks that force is very necessary in many cases. However, he always insisted that people in the cultural and intellectual circles should not take violent resistance against the Japanese aggressors, but should avoid the real and avoid the imaginary, give full play to the advantages of intellectuals and fight against the Japanese aggressors in a non-violent way. During this period, Li silently translated many Japanese and German military works and did a lot of research. His research achievements have played an important role in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.
Li's thought of "non-violence and non-cooperation" also influenced a large number of Shanghai intellectuals. Educator Qian Junfu, historian Lv Simian, Peking Opera performer Mei Lanfang and other Shanghai-style cultural celebrities are deeply influenced by it, showing the wisdom and courage of the older generation of intellectuals in the face of enemy threats and inducements.
Li resolutely refused to compromise with the Japanese aggressors and puppet troops, and it was difficult to maintain a basic life at home. Later, his wife and children separated. In the article "Recalling the Anti-Japanese War Years in Old Shanghai", his son recalled sharply: "The hard life during this period had a lifelong adverse effect on my health. I was originally the mother of Miss Shanghai, but later I moved to Hangzhou with my brother and sister because it was really difficult to live in Shanghai. " In this difficult period of separation, Li was not overwhelmed by the cruel rule and high-handed policy of Japanese imperialism. With a loyal heart, he silently burned the light of his life as a generation of intellectuals for the country in the days of hunger and cold.
"The night is so dark that the dawn is not far away." This is what Li used to say when he was in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. At the same time, he also believes that War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and China cannot fight alone, but must unite the forces of the Soviet Union, Britain and the United States. If so, China's final victory and Japanese final defeat will be inevitable.
1August 1945 15, Japan announced its unconditional surrender, turning a new page in history. 1949 After the liberation of Shanghai, Li returned to his long-lost and lifelong post in culture and education, and continued to train talents for the country. When I was a German professor at Shanghai International Studies University (now Shanghai International Studies University), I trained a large number of high-end foreign language talents for New China. Until he was paralyzed in bed, he stuck to his lifelong education post. 1970 10 Li, a generation of cultural diplomat and educator who fell in love for half his life and educated countless people, died at the age of 74.