At first, the "four clean-ups" movement was mainly carried out in rural areas, also known as the "socialist education movement". 1On May 20th, 963, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the Decision on Several Issues Concerning Rural Work (Draft) (hereinafter referred to as "Ten Articles"). The Tenth Congress pointed out that there is a serious and sharp class struggle in China society. Among cadres and party member, we must correct the proletarian position through socialist education, so as to lead the masses in class struggle and two-way struggle. It is necessary to carry out socialist education in rural areas, launch large-scale mass movements and repel the attacks of capitalist and feudal forces. All social teams should carry out the "four clean-ups" campaign (that is, clean up accounts, warehouses, property and work points). In order to carry out the "four clean-ups" campaign, all localities retrained cadres and conducted pilot projects to prepare for launching a large-scale socialist education campaign in rural areas.
In September of the same year, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a working meeting in Beijing. The meeting discussed issues such as rural work and 1964 national economic plan, and formulated the "regulations on some specific policies in the rural socialist education movement (draft)" (hereinafter referred to as "the last ten articles"). On the one hand, the "last ten articles" emphasize "taking class struggle as the key link", on the other hand, they point out the importance of uniting more than 95% of the peasant masses and rural cadres, and stipulate basic correct policies such as relying on grassroots organizations and cadres and correctly treating the children of landlords and rich peasants.
1964, 1 In June, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued "Some Problems Existing in Rural Socialist Education Movement" (hereinafter referred to as "Article 23"), which stipulated the principles and policies for developing socialist education movement in urban and rural areas. At the same time, it is clear that the main contents of social education movement are "clean politics, clean economy, clean organization and clean thought", which is different from the "four differences" originally carried out in rural areas.
1963 65438+On February 20th, the Standing Committee of the Municipal People's Congress and the Standing Committee of the Municipal People's Congress held the fifth joint meeting of members and executive committees, and more than 50 delegates attended/kloc-0. At the meeting, Liao Mosha, director of the United Front Work Department of the Beijing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, read out two documents, the First Ten Articles and the Last Ten Articles. The business people attending the meeting mainly listened and studied, trying to understand this new national movement, mainly in rural areas.
1964 On March 4th, the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce organized the first batch of business people to take part in the "four clean-ups" movement in rural areas in Jianchapu People's Commune, Baxian County, Hebei Province; On March 22nd, the Central Committee of the National People's Congress organized the members of the Central Committee of the National People's Congress, the executive committee of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce and all government officials in Beijing to study the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's two documents on social education, and visited and studied in the Liang Xiaomaqiao Brigade of Sun Palace People's Commune in Chaoyang District, Beijing. On April 26th, CPPCC members in Beijing organized part of the CPPCC to participate in the "four clean-ups" activities in rural areas in stages. Le Songsheng, chairman of the Municipal Federation of Industry and Commerce, Pu Jiexiu and Mo Yichang, deputy directors, were the second batch of people to participate in the "four clean-ups" activities in rural areas of Baxian County, Hebei Province.
After the publication of "Article 23", the focus of the "Four Clean-ups" movement was made clear, that is, "the establishment taking the capitalist road throughout China". This document was publicly posted in various enterprises, institutions and streets, which aroused the general concern of former businessmen. Former industrialists and businessmen reflected in their research that "Article 23" has "three virtues". First, it is good to post and publish policies and meet the masses; Second, the exercise method is specific and effective; Third, the policy is loose. Many former industrialists and businessmen have said that Article 23 stipulates that landlords and rich peasants can take off their hats after transformation. As long as we bourgeoisie accept the transformation honestly, we will not necessarily bring the hat of "capitalist" into the coffin. These reflections basically represent the understanding of the "four clean-ups" movement formed by most former businessmen under the propaganda and education of the Federation of Industry and Commerce.
As a prelude to the Cultural Revolution, the "four clean-ups" movement has an obvious "left" tendency. However, because the previous "four clean-ups" of clearing accounts, warehouses, finances and work points were mainly aimed at rural areas, the later "four clean-ups" of clearing politics, economy, organization and thought were mainly aimed at "inner-party capitalists" Therefore, the Municipal Federation of Industry and Commerce mainly organized learning in this movement, and some former businessmen went to the countryside to participate in the "Four Cleanups" mainly for sightseeing, which still reflected the nature of the Federation of Industry and Commerce.