(-) the law of combining indirect experience with direct experience (indirect law); Direct experience is the experience that students know, perceive and summarize in the process of exploring and transforming the world.
Indirect experience is all the experience accumulated by human beings in the evolution of civilization history, which is mainly manifested in cultural achievements such as natural science, social science and humanities. It is the experience of predecessors and others obtained by individuals through activities such as communication. Students focus on learning indirect experience. Students should learn indirect experience on the basis of direct experience.
(2) the law of combining knowledge with developing intelligence (development law); There are differences and connections between mastering knowledge and developing ability, which are both unified and mutually reinforcing. Mastering knowledge is the basis of developing ability, and ability development is an important condition for mastering knowledge; Lenin once said, "We need to use the knowledge of basic facts to develop and increase the thinking ability of every learner."
(three) the law of the unity of imparting knowledge and ideological and moral education (education law; The unified law of knowledge, emotion and meaning in the teaching process) knowledge is the basis of ideological and moral formation; The improvement of ideological and moral character has laid the foundation for them to actively learn knowledge, and the imparting of knowledge is organically combined with ideological and moral education.
(4) the law of the unity of teacher-led and student-centered (bilateral law); Teaching means that teachers teach and students learn. In the teaching activities organized by teachers, students are the main body of learning, and teachers play a leading and guiding role in students' learning.
Teachers are in the position of organizers in the teaching process and should give full play to their leading role, while students are in the position of learning subjects in the teaching process. We should give full play to students' subjective initiative and establish a cooperative, friendly, democratic and equal relationship between teachers and students. Example: the master leads the door to practice in the individual; Teachers' teaching depends on students' learning, and students' learning cannot be separated from teachers' teaching.