Draft of Oral Chinese Curriculum for Senior High School 1 1. Oral Chinese Textbooks
"Three Essays" is selected from the standard experimental textbook "Compulsory Chinese Course 4" in senior high school. The three essays are full of philosophy, thought-provoking, thought-provoking and strong ideological impact. They tell students to love life, love life, learn to think, learn to be equal, cooperate and take responsibility, which will help students improve their quality of life. At the same time, the simple and philosophical language of the three essays and the application of skills such as seeing the big picture from the small, metaphor and contrast are also worth learning.
Montaigne's article "Love Life" is simple in every sentence, but profound in thought. The author showed his profound thoughts through strong contrast. It can be seen from the comparison that whether life is lovely or not depends on the understanding and attitude towards life. The world is just an angle, and life is just a state of mind: from different angles, it is a completely different world, and different states of mind make different lives. The author concocted a "mind-remoulding agent" from the contrast between the bitterness and pleasure of life. Similarly, in the contrast between life and death, the author refines "optimistic wine". In order to highlight the joy of life, the author clearly put forward the view that "the essence of life lies in death". Face the rising sun optimistically and live to your heart's content. Death is not a terrible thing.
"Man is a thinking reed grass" always seems so intriguing. With a short metaphor, the author vividly and highly accurately summarizes two essential attributes of human beings: the fragility of the body and the beginning of the great article of thought. The author compares people to reed grass, which seems to reveal a desolate artistic conception and convey the fragile helplessness of human natural life. However, this is by no means a simple outpouring of sentimental feelings. Because the author does not simply compare man to a thinking reed, the superposition of the two images of "thought" and "reed" produces poetic tension, which shows man as a contradictory dialectical existence, which contains the opposite and complementary relationship between spirit and material, rationality and sensibility, ethical dignity and natural humility. Although "one breath and one drop of water is enough to kill him" in this relationship, it is the only one in the world. He is nobler than the whole universe. It is man's self-awareness of his fragile and insignificant situation that makes him noble and solemn. The author emphasizes the fragility of human life precisely to highlight the greatness of human thought.
The purpose is such an article to guide us how to put our good wishes into practice. Only in practice can all beautiful blueprints become a reality. With the light of love and thought, we need a bridge of action to connect our hearts with reality. The author conveys the profound truth of life in plain language, and the soul has been sublimated to a high standard in a relaxed and pleasant atmosphere. On the surface, the seventeen principles mentioned by the author seem to be "kindergarten language". In fact, every sentence is accurate, powerful and thought-provoking, which is worth practicing all our lives. It is a magic weapon to promote happiness in life, social harmony and world peace. The author, like a loving aunt, carefully polished ordinary things in life into bright pearls and strung them together. Like a wise man who has read the vicissitudes of life, he plays a happy song of life with the notes of care, respect and responsibility, and deduces the sound of human harmony. The most commendable thing is that the author thinks that this wonderful melody should not only be played in the heart, but also reverberate in every corner of the real world.
Second, talk about the presupposition of learning objectives and difficulties.
The new curriculum standard of Chinese pays attention to "teaching by learning". After self-study, according to the grasp of the text, the teacher according to the grasp of the curriculum standards, our teachers and students discuss together, and jointly preset the following learning objectives:
Knowledge and skill goal: to summarize the main idea of three short articles and tell the connotation of key sentences.
Process and Methods Purpose: To extract sentences with rich thoughts and taste the simple and philosophical language of the article.
Emotion, attitude and values: understand the rich spiritual connotation of the article, establish a correct outlook on life, values and outlook on life, and improve personal cultivation.
Third, oral teaching methods
According to the new curriculum theory, in order to maintain a good educational ecology, improve students' quality in an all-round way, and truly realize the concept of "taking students as the main body and teachers as the leading factor" in the classroom, I adopt the "three-stage autonomous learning model" to guide students' learning and build an "efficient classroom". "Three-stage autonomous learning mode", that is, self-study before class, demonstration in class and reflection after class. This learning mode will eventually return the classroom to students, make students move, make the classroom alive and get better results.
[Teaching Hypothesis]
The papers in this course are full of philosophical colors and life consciousness, and the authors are philosophers with unique ideological systems. Therefore, in teaching, we should strive to guide students to study the text carefully, highlight students' personalized interpretation, and take the promotion of the realm as the direction, so that students can enter the treasure house of human thought, feel the nobility of thinkers, meet the author and connect with life.
Therefore, according to the characteristics of this class, three short articles will be "people! Socrates' famous saying "Know yourself" begins. This paper studies Tenet's "Man is a thinking reed" and "Love life" around three themes: what is man, man's life and man's life. The first article "Man is a Thinking Reed" is mainly taught by teachers, the second article "Love Life" is mainly guided by teachers and discussed and analyzed by students, and the third article is by Tenet.
[Teaching process]
Introduction: (Take three short essays as a whole and write them on the blackboard at the same time): In this lesson, let's learn three short essays together. Everyone has had the troubles of young Werther and the unbearable lightness of youth. When he is upset, he often thinks about life unconsciously. Yes, people-what a complicated word-have skins and parents' pains, so how should we face life? Man is a thinking animal, so what does thought mean to man? Times are changing rapidly. Is there a constant creed? With these questions, let me enter three essays and listen to the life advice given by philosophers.
Man is a thinking reed.
1, import: from What Is Man, import "Man is a Thinking Reed"
2. Analyze the title of the article
3. Expound the nobility of thought.
4. Teacher's summary: Man is a great being in the universe! Carrying forward thoughts is also loving life, because thoughts can write eternity in our limited life!
Love life
1. Introduction: Introducing "human life" with the fragility of "reed grass" life to explore life.
2. Read the text and discuss and analyze: How does the author love life?
3. Discuss with examples.
4. Teacher's summary: Life is the beginning of death, and death is the limit of life; The value of life is realized in concrete life. The more meaningful things we do in life, the greater our life value, the greater our life value, and the greater the value of death, because death is the limit of life. This time is the most fulfilling time of life.
believe
1, lead-in: With the light of thought and the feeling of love, it is more necessary to have a bridge of action to connect the soul with reality and lead to "life"
2. Students read the text silently, draw meaningful sentences, and make some comments beside them appropriately.
3. Students question the text, students discuss and answer, and teachers make necessary explanations.
4. Teacher's summary: Truth is often the simplest sentence, and we are growing up slowly. However, no matter when, we can't forget that parents and teachers have a strong heart, just as Mencius said: adult people don't lose their childlike innocence.
Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned three short articles together. Let's briefly review that life is the natural basis of human beings, thought reflects the pursuit of human personality, and creed is the principle of human life. These essays with rational light give us profound enlightenment: when we understand the relationship between life and death, we will love life more; When we know that people are as fragile as reeds, but become noble and powerful because of thoughts, we see the significance of thoughts to life; When we understand that what we spend our whole life pursuing is actually the creed we learned in kindergarten, we can't help feeling how much eternity is contained in the seemingly simple creed! The three constitute a three-dimensional triangular structure, which supports a capitalized "person" together.
Senior Chinese Lecture Notes 2 Dear teachers,
Good afternoon everyone!
I said the title of the class-farewell to Cambridge. (Courseware presentation topic) Next, I will show my teaching design to all teachers from four aspects: teaching material analysis, teaching method and learning method, teaching process and blackboard of oral English teaching.
First of all, talk about textbooks.
1, the position and characteristics of this course in teaching materials
Familiarity with teaching materials is a prerequisite for successful teaching. The first unit of the first volume of Chinese in senior high school is the poetry unit, which contains some excellent poems of modern and contemporary China. It is the beginning of high school literature appreciation, which is of great significance to the whole literature appreciation teaching. Farewell to Cambridge is ranked in the second lesson of this unit, which is a typical example of appreciating modern poetry and the basis of appreciating other modern new poems. Students can experience, compare and identify poems with different themes, styles and schools, which is in line with the requirements of the new curriculum standard to pay special attention to students' various emotional experiences and let them be influenced by beauty. It is of great significance to cultivate students' appreciation ability.
Farewell to Cambridge is the representative work of Xu Zhimo, a poet of "Crescent Poetry School", which can be said to be an evergreen tree in the poetry circle, because it always echoes with beautiful melody. Xu Zhimo advocates Wen Yiduo's poetic ideas of "beauty of music, beauty of painting and beauty of architecture". His poetic language is fresh, his phonology is harmonious, his imagination is rich and his artistic conception is beautiful. Farewell to Cambridge is a typical representative of Xu Zhimo's poetic style.
2. Talking about teaching objectives
The requirements of the new curriculum standard of Chinese in senior high school for poetry reading are: strengthening reading, feeling the image and artistic conception of the works in reading, and gaining emotional experience, spiritual resonance and spiritual cultivation. On the basis of overall perception, learn to appreciate works from the aspects of images and artistic conception, language skills and so on. And feel the artistic charm of the work and gain rich aesthetic feelings.
According to the above requirements of the new curriculum standards, combined with the characteristics of this article, I have determined the following teaching objectives of this article:
(1), knowledge target:
Taste the language of poetry and grasp the unique image and artistic conception of poetry.
(2), ability target:
Master reading skills. Learn how to appreciate modern poetry.
(3), emotional goals:
Appreciate the author's Farewell to Cambridge and feel the beauty of poetry, music, architecture and painting in Farewell to Cambridge.
3. According to the above teaching objectives, I define the "teaching emphases and difficulties" in this paper as:
Teaching focus:
Cultivate students' ability to read poetry, feel poetry, appreciate poetic imagery and beauty.
Teaching difficulties:
Grasp the image, taste the artistic conception and grasp the author's emotion.
Second, talk about teaching methods and learning methods.
As the appreciation of poetry by first-year students is still in the primary stage, teachers should make appreciation vivid in class, stimulate students' interest and enthusiasm, cultivate their habit of listening and reading, and actively appreciate works. In addition, the new Chinese curriculum standard advocates cooperative, independent and inquiry learning methods, which embodies students' dominant position and comprehensively improves students' Chinese ability. This course adopts a comprehensive teaching method which focuses on reading and supplemented by other teaching methods.
1, reading method. Poetry is an emotional art, and reading helps students to grasp the content and understand the author's feelings, so as to gain their own emotional experience. The language of poetry is unique, concise and beautiful, and repeated reading helps to taste the beauty of poetry.
2. Question and answer appreciation method. On the basis of reading aloud, let students appreciate the beautiful scenery of Cambridge in Farewell to Cambridge, interpret the important images in it, and guide students to appreciate the picture beauty of poetry, thus producing aesthetic experience.
3. Inquiry learning method. Guide students to explore the author's emotion in A Farewell to Cambridge. Give full play to students' autonomous learning ability and guide students to acquire knowledge actively.
4. Multimedia demonstration method. Through its sound and color characteristics, it creates a situational atmosphere, stimulates students' interest, and thus helps students intuitively grasp the classroom content.
Learning methods: Read the product language repeatedly, appreciate the picture through association and imagination, and understand people's feelings through exploring the world.
Third, talk about the teaching process
According to the guiding ideology of "teaching and guiding learning, for the sake of learning and serving learning", I am going to adopt the following teaching steps to complete the teaching process, realize the teaching objectives and break through the teaching difficulties:
Step 1: Introduce new lessons.
First of all, using multimedia to show the relevant stills of the TV series "April Day on Earth" can arouse students' memories of the plot, thus attracting students' attention and stimulating their interest in learning this lesson.
Step 2: Introduction of the author.
Strive for innovation, break through the traditional way of introduction, and introduce the author's life and emotional experience in the form of storytelling, thus stimulating students' interest in learning. This step of design is called "knowing others and discussing the world" to help students better grasp the author's emotions.
Step 3: Read the poem aloud and feel its musical beauty.
In this link, let students read freely and feel the whole; Reading Farewell to Cambridge with music appreciation can help students find out the gap. Then the teacher demonstrates reading and gives reading guidance. (Pay attention to syllables, stress and tone) Then let the students read aloud with beautiful music, so as to feel the musical charm of poetry. Repeated reading is the basis for students to learn poetry, and it also meets the requirements of attaching importance to understanding, edifying and cultivating language sense in the syllabus to improve students' Chinese literacy.
The fourth step: stimulate imagination and experience the artistic conception and flowing picture beauty created by poetry.
The new curriculum standard requires that Chinese teaching should pay full attention to developing students' thinking ability. In order to let students give full play to their imagination and enter the dreamy atmosphere of poetry, a series of beautiful pictures matched with each poem are carefully selected. Through multimedia display, students can choose pictures according to the poems. Then ask individual students to read aloud a poem they like, describe the content of the poem in beautiful language with pictures and words, and tell the reasons for liking it, so that students can deeply understand the beauty of each painting. Teachers grasp the important images in poetry, give appropriate guidance to key words (words with strong action and strong emotion), guide students to appreciate modern poetry, and gradually improve their appreciation ability.
Step 5: Compare reading and experience the beauty of architecture.
In order to let students know and feel the architectural beauty of the new metrical poems, I chose Wang Wei's farewell poem "Farewell to Twenty Banks of Xi" for structural comparison. Through comparison, it is not difficult for students to find the structural characteristics of this poem: first, three poems rank first; second, four poems rank lower, empty and scattered, and the structure has changed; Furthermore, one sentence is short and three sentences are long, which shows the beauty of architecture.
Step 6: Try to figure out the author's feelings, feel the tone of the poem without hurting, and leave without worrying.
Since ancient times, parting has always been accompanied by heavy sadness. Farewell to Cambridge is an affectionate parting between the author and Cambridge, but it reveals a lighter mood. In order to make it easier for students to accurately grasp the mood of the author's farewell to Cambridge and the somewhat helpless and free-spirited tone in his poems, I selected the following obscure and fascinating poems from China's Poems, and compared them with Farewell to Cambridge, so that students can grasp the tone of this poem, leave innocently and carefree, so as to break through the teaching difficulties:
Courseware display:
Sincerely advise friends to drink a glass of wine, and it is difficult to meet their loved ones when they go out to Yang Guan in the west. (Wang Wei's "Send Yuan Er An Xi")
Friends, if my friends in Luoyang invite me; Just say I'm still Bing Xin Okho, and stick to my faith! (Wang Changling "Breaking up with Xin Jian at Furong Inn")
It was a long time ago that I met her, but since we separated, the time has become longer, the east wind is blowing and a hundred flowers are blooming. (Li Shangyin "Untitled"
Holding hands and looking at each other, tears swirled in my eyes until there were no words at last, and a thousand words stuck in my throat and I couldn't say it. (Liu Yong's "Yulinling")
Step 7: Guide students to try to recite the whole poem with pictures and quotations, and feel the poetic beauty of the whole poem again.
Step 8: Migrate the application.
Xu Zhimo is one of the representatives of "Crescent School", which is a school that attaches great importance to formal beauty in the history of new poetry. By studying Farewell to Cambridge, we can appreciate the "three beauties" of new poetry, namely, the beauty of painting, music and architecture, and also let students know more about the rhythm of poetry. In order to expand students' artistic inspiration and improve their ability to appreciate poetry, another poem by Xu Zhimo, Nora on the shore of a poem, was displayed through multimedia, and the characteristics and "three beauties" of the new poem were felt. Homework was left after class, and the similarities and differences between the two poems were compared from the aspects of content, form and artistic conception.
Fourth, talk about blackboard design.
A beautiful blackboard writing design is called "mini-teaching plan", and a good blackboard writing design can reflect the teaching ideas, teaching emphases and difficulties of this class, and is also convenient for students to learn. According to the principles of seeking truth, refinement, innovation and beauty, I have designed the following blackboard writing:
The above is the whole process of my lecture. Please criticize and correct me. My lecture is over, thank you!
Manuscripts of Chinese Handouts for Senior High School 3 I. Oral Teaching Materials
There are three "Dreams Like a Dream" with the same genre and different themes: Su Shi's intention is to grow up in the east, Qin Guan's intention is to hurt himself, and Nalan's lovesickness and beauty seem to be incompatible, but their expression in length, emotional expression in the scene and profound and delicate emotional expression all provide a good model for us to learn classical poetry. The new curriculum standard of Chinese in ordinary senior high schools clearly requires: "Read excellent poetry and prose works at all times and all over the world, understand the ideological connotation of the works, explore the rich meaning of the works and appreciate the artistic charm of the works." Therefore, the key to learning these three words well is not "fish", but "fishing": mastering a method of reading words (especially poetry, especially the epigraph "like a dream"). Apply what you have learned, make small and broad, and effectively improve students' ability to read and appreciate poetry.
Second, talk about learning.
In fact, the students are no strangers to Meng Ling. They have already learned Li Qingzhao's Dream Mausoleum in junior high school (often thinking of the sunset in Xiting). The following problems still exist:
1) Less reading and narrow knowledge.
2) I don't know much and I don't know enough.
3) Lack of enthusiasm and interest.
4) Simple method and little knowledge.
This is not only an obstacle but also a difficult point in our poetry teaching.
Third, talk about teaching objectives.
(1) Setting basis
1. New Chinese Curriculum Standard for Senior High School
2. The characteristics of three "dreams"
3. The actual situation of students' learning
(2) Teaching objectives
1. Learn to analyze the structure of works and appreciate thoughts and feelings by grasping the "eye of words".
2. Through the comparison of different levels, the deep meaning of the word "like a dream" is excavated.
3. Improve students' appreciation level through proper training (changing poems into words and writing appreciation works).
Fourth, talk about the difficulties in teaching.
(1) Setting basis
1. Relevant requirements of new curriculum standards.
2. The actual learning situation of students.
(B) Teaching focus and difficulties
1. Grasp the composition of "Dream" with "Eye of Words".
2. Use the word eye to understand the meaning of the three words.
Preparation of teaching AIDS for verbs (abbreviation of verb)
1. Multimedia playback system
2. Interactive electronic whiteboard
Sixth, speaking and teaching methods.
The core idea of the new curriculum is to help students improve their comprehensive Chinese literacy and form correct emotional attitudes and values through text learning, question inquiry and activity experience in Chinese teaching. I mainly use the following teaching methods:
1. Create a situation and enjoy teaching.
2. Ask questions to stimulate thinking
3. Comparative exploration, discussion and exchange.
Seven, said the learning method
In today's information age, the most serious challenge facing modern education is not how to let the educated learn knowledge, but how to let them learn to learn. As Edgar Foley said, "The illiterate people in the future will no longer be illiterate people, but people who have not learned how to learn." Mr. Ye Shengtao also said that "anyone who teaches must expect not to teach". Therefore, it is particularly important to strengthen the guidance for students to study law. This is also in line with the new curriculum standards, and students' learning methods must be changed. This lesson attempts to embody students' learning methods:
1. Share and understand the meaning of words.
2. Cooperate to explore, analyze doubts and solve problems.
3. Teacher-student research, with delicate feelings.
Eight, the teaching process theory
(A) the creation of situations, the introduction of new courses
Introduce a new lesson with Li Qingzhao's Dream (often remembering the sunset in Xiting) that students have learned in junior high school.
The design intention is to introduce new knowledge from old knowledge and unknown knowledge from known knowledge to stimulate students' interest.
(B) communication between teachers and students, throwing stones and asking for directions
1. Read the new words together and feel the whole.
2. Teachers communicate with students and express their feelings.
Communication questions: ① How do you feel after reading three "dreams"?
On the basis of studying Li Qingzhao's Dream, how do you think to appreciate and analyze these three poems?
The design aims to communicate with students, share reading experience and strengthen students' understanding of ci content. Teachers and students communicate, share appreciation methods, and strengthen teachers' grasp of students' situation. Prepare for the next class.
(C) clever use of "words", see strange in the ordinary.
1. The teacher pointed out and found out the "eye of words"
Students are familiar with "poetic eyes" and "classical Chinese" and know that they are the key to understanding poetry or prose, so can we appreciate "Like a Dream" from the perspective of "poetic eyes"?
(1) What is a word?
Obviously, the descriptive image in a word is the most vivid or concentrated expression of feelings, which is usually reflected in a keyword of a word.
(2) What is the "eye of words" in these three dreams?
Define "going home", "insomnia" and "who will save"
The design intention is to point out the contents neglected in students' ci, and point out the eyes of the words, which not only captures the common characteristics of the three poems, but also provides an angle for appreciating and analyzing their respective characteristics.
2. Teachers and students discuss together and use words to grasp the composition of "like a dream".
Question under discussion: Why did the three poets lament "going home", "sleepless" and "who saved"?
(In the discussion, the teacher can use PPT to show the creative background of three "dreams" according to the situation. )
specific
Su Shi's dream "Go Home"-a reward for his work.
"Sleepless" in Qin Guan's Dream —— Expressing frustration in the journey
"Who Saved" in Nalan Xingde's Dream Who Understand —— The language disappointment and loss of meditation
The teacher's summary of the three poems of A Dream Preface is consistent in the structure of emotional communication. The first four sentences are the elaboration of "the eye of words", and the last sentence is the further sublimation of "the eye of words".
The design intention is to clarify the contents of the three "dream orders" by questioning the "eye of words" and guide students to pay attention to their similarity in composition.
3. Teachers and students study together and use the word eye to understand the meaning of these three words.
Research question: Is the structure of the three poems in Dream the same and the effect of emotional communication the same?
(Research methods: Comparison between Su Shi's Dream and Qin Guan's Dream, and comparison between Su Shi's Dream and Nalan Xingde's Dream)
Make it clear that Su Shi is light and cheerful.
A similar situation, attitude towards life.
Qin Guan is lonely and cold.
Su Shi's painful past
Similar memories of life.
Naran Xingde is beautiful in an instant.
The design intention is to study the layout of the "eye of the word", and to savor the differences in the emotional expression effect of the three "dreams". Through the comparison of different levels, this paper explores the deep meanings of three words in Rumengling.
4. Teachers summarize and understand the appreciation method of "dream".
(1) Grasp the "eye of words" and understand the rules.
(2) The concept of "word" is an emotional commodity.
(3) Understanding life by analyzing the "eye of discourse"
The design intention is to summarize the method of "dreaming" reading, so that students can apply what they have learned.
(4) apply what you have learned and change your poetry.
Try to rewrite Du Fu's "Climbing Up" into "Like a Dream"
Example: the wind is high and the sky is high, the apes mourn, and the trees fall and the birds return. If you roll along the Yangtze River, you will climb the platform alone. Frosted glass legs, frosted glass legs, new turbid wine glasses.
The design aims to deepen students' knowledge and understanding of Dream from old knowledge to new knowledge through rewriting the poems they have learned.
(5) Assign homework and consolidate exercises.
Reread Li Qingzhao's Dream from the perspective of "Ci Yan" and write an appreciation essay of about 300 words.
The design intention is to reread old poems, strengthen new knowledge, draw inferences from others, and see the strange in the ordinary.
It's normal.
Nine, blackboard writing design rules
The feeling of words and eyes
life
Ten, said thinking
Classical poetry is a valuable cultural heritage left by predecessors. Poetry teaching plays an irreplaceable role in cultivating temperament, strengthening aesthetic education and inheriting tradition. However, there are many problems in poetry teaching under the college entrance examination mode, the most obvious of which is that knowledge and skills training is greater than ideological understanding, value pursuit and aesthetic edification in poetry teaching. Poetry teaching in senior high schools is in urgent need of innovation and change. Under the background of the new curriculum, what changes is the thought and method, but what remains unchanged is the moral sentiment and aesthetic pursuit.
Therefore, this lesson is not only to give students the methods and abilities to appreciate, but more importantly, it is hoped that through the comparison of "eye of words" (small angle) and three words at different levels, while excavating the deep meaning of "love love love", it will give students a realm. This kind of realm is not only the vision of appreciating poetry from a strategic height, but also the mind of realizing a multi-flavor life. Giving methods, abilities and realms is the goal that this class hopes to achieve, and it is also a pursuit of poetry teaching.