Analysis:
China banyan tree
Ficus is the general name of Ficus in Moraceae. There are more than 800 species in the world, mainly distributed in tropical areas, especially in tropical rain forests. There are about 100 species of Ficus plants in China, including 67 species in Yunnan and 44 species in Xishuangbanna, accounting for 44.9% of the total number of known Ficus plants in China and 5.5% in the world.
Ficus is one of the largest woody tree species in tropical flora, which has many important characteristics of tropical rain forest, such as plate root, column root, strangulation and old stem fruiting. Among the 44 species of banyan trees growing in Xishuangbanna, 65,438+07 species have big roots, and 26 species can form various air roots or column roots. Strangulation is a unique phenomenon of banyan trees in tropical rain forests in Southeast Asia. Single forest is a special tropical rainforest landscape formed by some banyan trees transformed into thick columns of independent trees after a long period of strangulation.
Ficus is an important source of wild food; Banyan trees used as vegetables in Xishuangbanna mainly include Ficus carica, Ficus pumila, Ficus macrocarpa, Ficus altissima, Ficus polycarpa, Ficus xanthophylla and so on. Woody wild vegetables are rich in vitamins, minerals, cellulose and picrin, which are helpful for human digestion. Dai people generally believe that eating the tender branches and leaves of woody plants can make people healthy and live longer, and can also keep their posture light for girls. It is also an important national medicinal plant. Among banyan trees, 9 species are commonly used to treat many diseases, including roots, bark, leaves and pulp.
Among Ficus plants, there are 17 species with board roots, 26 species with aerial roots or columnar roots, 8 species with flowering and fruiting of old stems, and 24 species with epiphytes at seedling stage. Among them, 2 1 species develop into trees or bridge trees by strangling plants, thus forming a single tree forest. These special ecological phenomena constitute the garden landscape. Many banyan trees, with spreading crown and shady shade, have always been traditional garden plants, such as high banyan, bodhi, weeping banyan and banyan. Some Ficus plants have become important ornamental trees in gardens, and cultivated horticultural varieties with different leaf colors and shapes. There are more than ten varieties of Ficus pendula and Ficus microcarpa. & ltbr & gt
There are many kinds of banyan trees with roots, flowering old stems, hanging gardens and strangulation, and the landscape is strange and magnificent, which embodies the important characteristics of tropical rain forests; And some species are regarded as gods (dragon) trees and Buddha trees by local ethnic groups, forming a unique national banyan culture. The park covers an area of about 15 mu and nearly 103 species of Ficus have been collected. The landscape and rich scientific connotation of Ficus altissima, Ficus pendula, Ficus obtusifolia and Ficus papaya in the park make the park an ecological park close to the appearance of natural forest, giving people a strange and beautiful enjoyment.
Introduction of Ficus as a species
Ficus microcarpa
Alias Toona tenuifolia and Ficus microcarpa
Morphological characteristics: Toona sinensis is an evergreen tree with a height of 20-25m and active roots. Leaves leathery, oval, ovoid or obovate, 4 4- 10/0cm long and 2-4cm wide. Inflorescence receptacle born singly or in pairs in leaf axils, oblate-ovoid, 5- 10 mm in diameter, milky white, yellow or reddish when mature; Gall flowers and female flowers are born in the same receptacle.
Habitat distribution: it grows on the edge of villages or in mountainous areas. Distributed in Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Taiwan Province, southern Zhejiang, Yunnan and Guizhou. India, Myanmar and Malaysia also have it.
Uses: It can be used as a street tree. Bark fiber can be used to make fishing nets and artificial cotton. Roots, bark and leaf buds are used as antipyretic drugs.