1. On Dong Zhongshu's educational thought. (16 Suzhou University)
2. Briefly describe Dong Zhongshu's moral education thought. (1 1 Yangzhou university? 17 Tianjin University? 19 Jishi normal university)
Location of knowledge points: Section 4, Chapter 4 of China Education History.
Importance of knowledge points: ★★★☆☆
Topic: Discuss Dong Zhongshu's educational thoughts.
Answer:
Dong Zhongshu is the most famous Confucian scholar in the Western Han Dynasty, also known as "Confucius in the Han Dynasty". Dong Zhongshu is knowledgeable and relaxes the Five Classics. Among his works, The Stories in the Spring and Autumn Period and The Good Ideas of the Sage have the greatest influence.
(A) "Good policy for morality" and the three major cultural and educational policies (that is, the cultural and educational policies of the Han Dynasty, see the first section of this chapter for details)
Dong Zhongshu put forward three policy suggestions to Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty in "A Good Policy for Virtue": First, oust a hundred schools of thought, respect Confucianism alone, and unify thoughts. Second, promote imperial academy to train scholars. Third, attach importance to selecting talents and appointing people. Dong Zhongshu's three suggestions were adopted by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and became the three major cultural and educational policies in the Han Dynasty, which determined the cultural and educational situation of the whole feudal society following Confucianism.
(B) on the role of human nature and education (short answer)
On human nature.
The theory of human nature is the theoretical basis of Dong Zhongshu's discussion on the role of education.
(1) Dong Zhongshu believes that there is "benevolence and greed" in human nature. "Benevolence" refers to the innate factor in human nature that is conducive to promoting the moral development of feudal society and is the dominant aspect; "Greedy for gas" refers to the innate factor in human nature that conflicts with feudal social morality, and is a subordinate aspect. They are the opposites of human nature. His theory of human nature is related to Mencius' theory of good nature and Xunzi's theory of evil nature, and has not got rid of the influence of moral transcendentalism. ?
(2) Dong Zhongshu distinguishes between human nature and goodness, and goodness refers to the ethics of feudal society. The relationship between human nature and goodness is the relationship between possibility and reality: human nature is the possibility and internal basis of goodness, and goodness is the result of human nature transforming into a realistic personality with certain moral goodness under educational conditions.
(3) Dong Zhongshu put forward the theory of "three qualities of sex".
Dong Zhongshu clearly divided human nature into three different grades, and he put forward the theory of "three qualities of human nature": "There is the nature of fighting, the nature of people and the nature of saints." Education has different effects on different people.
(1) "The nature of saints" is a kind of "too kind" natural nature, which is impossible for ordinary people and impossible for the day after tomorrow.
② The "nature of fighting" is not "good", but "evil". It is useless to educate them, so we can only deal with them by means of punishment.
(3) The "people's nature" refers to the nature of all people, and only through education can they become "good".
2. The role of education
Education plays different roles for different people, and saints can consciously control their emotional desires and are destined to develop in the direction of goodness. People who fight have a strong emotional desire and it is difficult to control themselves. They are destined to develop in an evil direction, and only punishment can stop them from doing evil. People with "China nature" are the main targets of education. Dong Zhongshu's theory of human nature destroyed the primitive and equal theory of human nature in the pre-Qin period and provided a theoretical basis for feudal autocratic rule.
(3) On moral education (short answer)? ★★★☆☆
Dong Zhongshu's moral education thought is mainly embodied in three aspects:
Moral education is the core of Dong Zhongshu's educational thought. Dong Zhongshu advocates paying equal attention to education and criminal law, but emphasizes that moral education is the basis and criminal law is the purpose and supplement.
(2) Moral education content: Moral education content with "Three Cardinal Principles and Five Permanent Principles" as the core.
Dong Zhongshu emphasized "three cardinal guides and five permanents". The so-called "three cardinal guides" means "the monarch is the minister's cardinal guide, the father is the child's cardinal guide, and the husband is the wife's cardinal guide". The five permanent members refer to benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith. The overall system of "three cardinal guides and five permanents" has become the core content of moral education in China feudal society.
(3) Principles and methods of moral cultivation:
(1) Establish a life ideal of valuing righteousness over profit. The moral pursuit that embodies the principle of feudal national interests should be higher than personal interests.
(2) put forward "be kind to others and be righteous with me". "Benevolence" highlights the respect for individual life value and rights, while "righteousness" highlights the individual's responsibility and obligation to society and other individuals.
③ Advocating "benevolence". In moral cultivation, we should achieve "benevolence" and "wisdom", that is, the unity of emotion and knowledge in moral cultivation.
Original shorthand password of 333 gas station: original party (Fiona Fang) attaches importance to benevolence and wisdom (3)
Formula Association: Fiona Fang attaches great importance to benevolence and wisdom.
The above formula comes from the formula notes of Sunflower Collection of 333 Gas Station, and the chapters may be slightly different from other books.