Yan Hui (Zi Ziyuan, also known as Yan Yuan) is the most proud disciple of Confucius. Among the "Ten Philosophers of Confucius" promised by Confucius, Yan Hui ranked first. In The Analects of Confucius, Yan Hui was not mentioned the most times, but was praised the most.

"Xian zai back also! A spoonful of food, a spoonful of drink, in the mean lane, people can't bear their worries, and they won't change their fun when they go back. Xian zai hui also! "

More than 2000 years have passed, but Kong's sincere praise for his beloved disciple still has great vitality. Most China people with secondary education know that there was such a noble Yan Hui more than 2,000 years ago. Poor food, poor house and poor life have not changed his love for life and his pursuit of knowledge. With Yan Hui's talent, it should be no problem to get rid of poverty and live a decent "well-off life". But he doesn't want to give up the happiness of learning from the teacher, and he doesn't want to give up his personality ideal and life standard. I think this kind of "contentment" is the real high realm. So Yan Hui, the "sunshine boy", became the spiritual idol in the eyes of the poor intellectuals who lived in humble houses, and "gentleman poverty" became a panacea to comfort the lonely souls of the poor who lived in poverty temporarily.

Yan Hui is a modest gentleman, "willing to cut good, effortless", does not boast of his own strengths, does not show his contribution, and what kind of accomplishment is needed to do this. It is easier said than done to underestimate the name, do things seriously and do things in a down-to-earth manner. Few people can really implement it in their own gestures. If Yan Hui were alive today, he would be in deep confusion. This era pays attention to packaging and self-promotion, and pays attention to telling enough about your achievements, advantages, and even right and wrong, so that you can "show off" in the fierce competition. "Don't cut well, don't contribute" is ignorance, pedantry and stupidity.

In dealing with people, Yan Hui once said: "People are good to me, and I am also good; People are not good at me, and I am good. " (Biography of Han Poetry) He won the praise and love of Confucius and his classmates for his kindness, honesty and generosity. Confucius said, "Since I have something in return, my disciples benefit my relatives." With such disciples to coordinate the relationship between disciples, Confucius can devote himself wholeheartedly to politics and teaching.

Yan Hui never took it out on others and made the same mistake. These seemingly ordinary words are not easy to really do. Think about it, you are depressed, everything is awkward, or you are angry with what you have done wrong, or you have unhappy things, such as not judging your title, not treating your model as a model worker and so on. Let everyone find a channel to vent their anger, make some nameless fires, scold some nameless streets, and ensure that some unlucky people are burned to death by the fire. "If you don't get angry, you won't exceed it" requires deep practice and determination. In this sense, evaluating Yan Hui, Yan Hui can be regarded as a master of self-psychological adjustment. If you have troubles and worries, you can't be angry with others, even the closest people, but you can only give yourself happiness. If you have some "spiritual victory method", you can see some "good luck" and "benefits" from unlucky images. Or don't you oppress yourself to death? As for "no two crimes", it is easier said than done. You need to be careful in everything, always remind yourself, and improve yourself in the reflection and vigilance of the "deviant" you have committed. In fact, Yan Hui really didn't make any mistakes. Confucius said that Yan Hui was mainly for the living, or rather for the questioner Lu Aigong. The monarch's "no anger, no infidelity" will make the monarch and his subjects harmonious, and there will be no loss in state affairs, which will lead to the rectification of the world.

Yan Hui is tenacious in his work, which is often referred to as "perseverance". "His heart does not violate benevolence in March", and his heart cannot violate benevolence for a long time. More importantly, his rhythm of dealing with others accurately falls on the melody of "benevolence". Yan Hui's self-discipline is actually behind "March is not against benevolence", and his highest pursuit is to make "benevolence" a "subconscious reflection" of his daily words and deeds.

Yan Hui was appraised by Confucius as high flyers, a "virtuous man", and many people took it for granted that Yan Hui was only virtuous, but he did not do well in other aspects. In fact, among the four subjects of Confucius, virtue is a comprehensive subject that precedes language, politics and literature, and a noble disciple of virtue must also have certain attainments in other subjects.

Yan Hui is notoriously studious, and several Confucius praised him in The Analects alone. His "studious" is reflected in two aspects. First, he loves to get to the bottom of it, in order to poor his "eyes"; First, thinking and expounding, emphasizing learning, thinking, precision, knowledge and communication, flexible learning and application, and mastery can make innovation. For example, Yan Hui once asked Confucius how to be "benevolent", and Confucius replied: "Self-denial is benevolence. A day of self-denial and self-denial, the world will return to benevolence. For benevolence, for yourself, for people? " Yan Hui obviously felt a little thirsty for such an answer, so he asked, "What's the purpose?" After receiving the teacher's answer "see no evil, don't listen if you are indecent, don't speak if you are indecent, and don't move if you are indecent", Yan Hui said to the teacher very comfortably, "Please speak in English" and took the teacher's instructions as the criterion of his actions. Yan Hui's "problems" cover a wide range. In Confucius' family stories, there are Yan Hui's questions about "adult journey", "gentleman", "villain" and "when friends are around". What is particularly commendable is that Yan Hui often gives play to these problems and has his own unique views. Confucius praised him and said, "I talk back all day and don't violate it, like a fool." If you retire, it's enough to keep your privacy. It's not stupid to retire. There is also a dialogue between Yan Hui and in Confucius' Family Talk, which started with the most famous horse in Dongye Bi, herdsman at that time. Yan Hui said that Toenobi's horse "can fight" (that is, it will definitely escape), while Lu thought that Yan Hui was biased against Toenobi. Later, after listening to the report of the officials in charge of animal husbandry and confirming that Yan Hui's judgment was correct, he had an in-depth conversation with Yan Hui to find out the truth. Yan Hui thinks Higashino Bi's horse control technique is relatively good, but it can't be "inexhaustible" like Zaofu, and it is far from perfect. Yan Hui "ironically remonstrated": "Emperor Shun skillfully made people, Zhao Fu skillfully made horses, Shun never exhausted human strength, and Zhao Fu never exhausted horse strength, so Shun never killed people, and Zhao Fu never killed horses." "Poor birds peck, poor animals catch, poor people cheat, poor horses lose. Since ancient times and today, no one has been poor and can be without danger. " Whether it is controlling horses or making people, we must manage them well, otherwise the consequences will be serious.

The exact time of this conversation is uncertain. I think it happened before and after Confucius was appointed as the chief scout. At that time, Yan Hui was only mid-twenties. Lu appreciated Yan Hui's prediction of Dongye Bi. Yan Hui "satirized" Lu by evaluating the gains and losses of Higashi Higashiya, which showed his political and linguistic abilities. Confucius thinks that this is the real Yan Hui, an all-round outstanding scholar who can apply what he has learned.

Yan Hui was smart and eager to learn, which made him realize the profoundness of Confucius' theory earlier. He has more respect for Confucius than ordinary disciples. He respects Confucius with the attitude of respecting the sages of past dynasties, and his relatives are like father and son. The Analects of Confucius Zi Han records:

Yan Yuan sighed:' The higher you climb, the harder you drill. Look ahead, suddenly how come back. The master coaxed me and wrote me articles, asking me to be polite and unable to stop. I have exhausted my talents, if I make a difference. Although I wanted to follow, there was no reason in the end. "

Teachers' moral knowledge, the more you look at it, the more brilliant you feel; The harder you study, the deeper you will find it. It looked like it was in front. When we were looking for it in front, it suddenly appeared in the back. Although the teacher's Tao is so profound and elusive, the teacher is good at inducing us step by step, enriching and improving us with all kinds of literary knowledge, and restraining us with certain courtesy, so that we can't stop learning. I have exhausted my talents and seem to be able to work independently. If you want to take a step forward, you don't know how to start. Yan Hui once lamented: "Master is so tempting that he is willing to give me one gift after another, but he can't stop." (The Analects of Confucius, Zi Han) Teachers are revered because they really understand their personality knowledge, rather than just touting it. Therefore, later generations commented: "Yan Yuan only knows Confucius." ("On Balance, Telling Ruins")

Yan Hui can not only gain the essence of teachers' thoughts and theories, but also have a mind beyond other disciples. Especially when he is desperate, he can still give the teacher spiritual understanding and spiritual comfort. At this point, he is much taller than his brother. Confucius and his disciples were deprived of food in Chen, and many people were sick and unable to walk. At this time, Lutz was full of anger, and "the gentleman is poor" asked questions in his mind. People who pay attention to moral cultivation and care about the world like teachers should not have such hardships and embarrassment in any case. Isn't it childish to have no eyes? Lutz doesn't understand the teacher's inner pain. People in their 50 s simply don't understand the teacher's difficulties. They are straightforward and the teacher is still not happy to let go. You know, the teacher doesn't want to be an empty and useless "melon", but who can he tell? Although Yan Hui is 20 years younger than Lutz, he is far superior to Lutz in understanding. There is a dialogue in Historical Records Confucius Family, which records the time when Confucius and his disciples were trapped in Cai Chen:

Confucius said, "Hui, the poem says,' bandits fight bandits, and tigers lead them into the wilderness.' Isn't my way evil? What am I doing here? Yan Hui said, "The master's way is great, so there is no room in the world. Although, the master pushes, no illness, no gentleman! It is my ugliness not to cultivate my husband's morality. Husband's road has been overhauled, no need, this is the ugliness of people with countries. Never meet a gentleman without illness! The master smiled happily and said, "Yes, Yan's son! If you make more money, I will kill you. " ,

At that time, in order to strengthen his disciples' faith, Confucius called them to his side and said to them, "It's not tigers or rhinos wandering in the wilderness. What is the reason? " Am I wrong? Why are you trapped here? Yan Hui said: The teacher's idea is great. If others don't accept them, it's their responsibility. It is our shame that our Tao is not repaired; Our "Tao" has been perfected and not adopted, which is a shame for those in power in various countries. The correct idea is not adopted by others, and you still insist, which shows the cultivation of a gentleman. Confucius was very happy to hear Yan Hui's comments. He said, well done, Yan's son. If you make a fortune in the future, I will be your housekeeper. Anyway, this Yan Hui is the teacher's heart. This kind of happiness is certainly not poor happiness, because Yan Hui really understood Confucius' view of gentleman and the core of Confucius' spirit of self-improvement. Self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world are the realms pursued by Confucianism, among which self-cultivation is the most basic beginning.

Among the 3,000 disciples of Confucius, Yan Hui, Luz and Zigong are the three greatest talents of Confucius. Yan Hui was most praised by Confucius for his knowledge and morality. Lutz is the bravest of all disciples, and has "escorted" the teacher for many times; Zigong was refitted only when the bag was full. The greatness of Confucius lies in that he can fully appreciate the rich core of the word "human" in that era more than two thousand years and five hundred years ago. Although he didn't put forward fashionable slogans such as "humanistic care" and "for every student", he actually practiced all the gist of "humanistic care". Yan Hui has been following Confucius since he was a teenager. His ambition in life is to be a scholar like a teacher and become a "generalist", so he pursues it tirelessly. Secular fame and wealth and material temptations are like floating clouds to him. His psychological center of gravity is not only learning, but also learning. In today's words, it is "tolerant of loneliness." However, Lutz pays more attention to the latter in the relationship between "learning" and "doing", so sometimes he will despise "learning". Confucius' demands or expectations for them are obviously concentrated: he hopes that Yan Hui will become a perfect person in moral knowledge, while Luz will become a "minister" in governing the country. If you come to his world to have a pot of porridge like some teachers today, the consequences can be imagined. Without Confucius, Yan Hui might not have achieved so much, he might still be a "frontier savage", and Zi Gong might still be a tycoon who only knew "interests". The charm of personality and the edification of thoughts, such as bathing in the spring breeze, grow under the eaves of Confucius' door with different postures of Xiumu Jialin.

Confucius should be very pleased to have such a disciple. But beautiful women are unlucky, and talents often stumble. Yan Hui, who was just in his early forties, shook hands with the terrifying prematurely. According to The Analects of Confucius Advanced, "Yan Yuan died, and his son cried bitterly", and even lamented that "Heaven lost! The sky is lost! " Yan Hui's untimely death dealt a great blow to Confucius. Because Confucius regards Yan Hui as a student who can inherit his own ideological mantle and carry forward his own theory. I have asked in my mind countless times: If time permits, can Yan Hui really live up to the expectations of teachers and become the second mountain after teachers? Although history cannot be assumed, although people may change in one way or another, I quickly gave the answer: yes, definitely! The reason is also very simple, that is, the only conclusion I can draw from these wordy words in Rory is this.