There are three dimensions in standardizing the classroom: appropriate goals, appropriate content and appropriate methods.
First, the teaching objectives are appropriate. The goal is to focus on what students should do, which is the behavioral goal of classroom teaching. Knowledge and ability are embodied through behavior; Process and method are also embodied through behavior; Emotion, attitude and values are all reflected through behavior. Therefore, setting teaching objectives should conform to students' learning situation and meet the requirements of teaching materials.
Second, the teaching content is appropriate, that is to say, the teaching content must be scientific and correct. Classroom content must serve and be based on students. Teachers should do the following to ensure that the classroom content is appropriate: check what students already know; Generalization and refinement-what students don't understand but can understand by reading textbooks themselves; Discussion and communication-what students don't understand, what they don't understand when reading textbooks, can be understood through cooperative learning; Teaching and clarification-what teachers must say; Activity design and demonstration-what the teacher said but didn't understand must be understood through practice. For example, it is much more effective for teachers in our school to take students out to travel and let them experience the cultural landscape of China Folk Garden.
Third, the teaching method is proper, that is, teachers should be natural and decent in class, not artificial, and try to get closer to students. Now many teachers want to create situations to lead into the classroom, but some teachers' classroom lead-in tastes more and more wrong. In the final analysis, this is a technical problem, that is, the teacher sets the question in the wrong place, and the students can't pull it back in time when the answer deviates from the correct track. Some teachers only talk about themselves, regardless of the students' reaction-there is no return. Better teachers will also encourage and pay attention to students' reactions, and better teachers will also encourage students to work in teams.
In short, a standardized classroom should make teachers think clearly and speak clearly; Students listen clearly and think clearly.
Efficient classroom has three requirements: accurate objectives, accurate contents and accurate methods.
First, the teaching objectives should be precise, with hierarchical requirements, quantitative concepts, quality requirements and time concepts. In other words, how much time you spend in this course, how much you want students to do and how good the quality is, you must have goals and requirements. To tell the truth, most teachers don't have this concept, and insufficient class hours will seize students' self-study classes. Self-study class is the time for students to study by themselves. Whoever seizes the students' self-study class will encroach on their legitimate rights and interests.
Second, the teaching content should be accurate, that is to say, we should teach students in accordance with their aptitude and have someone in our eyes. This sentence is easy to say, but many teachers forget it as soon as they teach. For example, a beautiful young female teacher chose an open class in recitation class and wrote a couplet, "A classmate is Xiao He, and a dragonfly stands on it", asking students to make a couplet with the ancient poems they have learned. A student said, "Teachers are all love, and no one can shut them up. An almond is outside the wall." The teacher burst into laughter and the teacher blushed. You can't say that the teacher didn't prepare lessons carefully, but that she didn't prepare the students. When setting such open-ended questions, she should consider how students might answer and how teachers should respond. In the face of the students' answers, the teacher should be calm, let the students tell why he answered like this, and let him tell the process of thinking like this and what is the reason. The original intention of the students is: our teacher is very kind to the students and looks as beautiful as apricot flowers. There are so many teachers from other schools coming to class today, which shows that she has great influence and fame, so she is having an affair. Many teachers spend a lot of time preparing teaching content, but seldom spend time preparing students. Therefore, the teaching content should be set accurately and people-oriented, so that students can feel that teachers should have eye contact with students in classroom teaching, and they can know whether they understand the teaching content from their eyes and expressions.
Third, the teaching method should be accurate, be aware of it, and be based on the differences of each student. Teachers, students and teaching materials are the three elements of classroom teaching, and they are indispensable. These three elements can be combined in at least three ways. The first combination is that teachers take textbooks to find students, which is a traditional teaching method. The second combination is that teachers take students to read textbooks, which is advocated by the new curriculum reform. Teachers are tour guides and students are the main body of learning. The third way of combination is for students to take textbooks to find teachers, so as to fully realize students' autonomous learning. This is the most ideal teaching method, but also the most difficult way to achieve, not all students can achieve.
Where is the teacher's role? The role of a teacher is that there is nowhere to point, nowhere to teach, nowhere to doubt, and nowhere to exert oneself. In other words, the teacher's role is to give children strength, crutches, scaffolding, information packages and relevant tool information, so that children can solve problems by themselves.
Regarding the evaluation of the classroom, I think a good class should pay more attention to students' participation in addition to the teacher's wonderful explanation; In addition to the completeness of teaching links, we should pay more attention to the rationality of teaching structure; In addition to the activity of classroom teaching, it is more important to see whether each student really enters the learning state. Liveliness is sometimes a good class, and sometimes it is not necessarily a good class. What should be pursued is a "classroom of mutual listening". Only in this "listening class" can all kinds of thoughts and emotions communicate with each other through speeches, otherwise communication is impossible.
Smart classroom has three dimensions: higher thinking level, wider openness and stronger cultural significance.
It is necessary to upgrade the "ceremony" of standardized classroom to the "essence" of efficient classroom, and further sublimate it into the thinking level, openness and cultural taste of smart classroom.
First, the level of thinking is higher. Dewey said: "The only direct way to continuously improve teaching methods is to put students in situations where they must think, promote thinking and test thinking." "Confusion is an indispensable stimulus to thinking.
For example, Sarah, a biology teacher in a middle school in the United States, took such a class and asked, "Is the sun alive?" Sarah asked the students to discuss in groups according to their opinions. Group A stands for "No", Group B stands for "Yes", and Group C is undecided. Two groups of students in AB argued vigorously and tried their best to persuade Group C to join their own side.
Many of our teachers may have such open discussions. Group a makes sense, and group b makes sense. Then, let the students read the answers given in the textbook three times, and then class is over in a hurry. Why is this happening? Because the teacher is afraid to continue public discussion, the situation will get out of control.
And Sarah's approach makes people shine. When everyone was deadlocked, she lost no time in closing the net: the focus of debate was not the sun, but the criterion of "living". The "living" of group A is the biological standard, and the "living" of group B is the astronomical standard. The scientific classification standard is originally set by people, so naturally it is so complicated that there will inevitably be loopholes in the rules set by people, with exceptions!
The significance of Sarah's teaching is not only the living standard of biology, but also the rapid improvement of students' scientific thinking ability in class-first, the training of association ability and analogical reasoning, which is the beginning of many innovations; Secondly, it challenges the traditional view of science. Classroom debate is the epitome of the tortuous course of human science. This "uncertain" experience is more important than "certain" knowledge points. Third, in the face of disputes, be good at finding out the root of conflicts from different opinions and solving disputes in essence. In short, the difference between this class is not in the present, but in the future.
As American scholar Osborne said: "One of the characteristics of scientists is the spirit of criticism and rational questioning, and the lack of opportunities for students to develop their scientific debate ability is a big weakness of modern education." The highest goal of education is "freedom of thought". Successful education is to give students a dream. Skills can be accelerated and thinking ability should be cultivated from an early age.
Second, the degree of openness is wider, that is, whether the classroom can be opened and whether the students' thinking can be further opened. For example, Wei Yong, a history teacher of the 11th Middle School Attached to Beijing Normal University, taught the American War of Independence. First, he acted as an American in a documentary about the history of the founding of the United States and the causes of the War of Independence. According to the video, ask the students to discuss whether Americans should refuse to pay taxes. The general teacher may also let the students discuss in groups, and the result of the discussion will be consistent with the textbook, and the teaching goal of this class will be achieved. How did Teacher Wei Yong do it? After the students' views were basically clear, he played a documentary that reflected the same content, except that this paragraph was taken from the standpoint of Britain. The same historical event, two completely different views flooded into students' minds, which suddenly opened their minds.
Do students need to find answers in class? Need. This is like giving students a lot of commas and periods, giving students a lot of knowledge and giving students a lot of so-called truths. All these are necessary, but in addition, we should give students question marks, explore answers through full imagination and full thinking, and open their minds through open classrooms. As Rousseau said, "Good teaching must arouse children's thinking."
Third, the cultural meaning is stronger, and classroom teaching teachers should have their own value judgments and values.
Of course, the elements of a good class include teaching skills and classroom management methods, but it is absolutely impossible to have an intelligent class only by mastering some teaching skills and management methods. Smart classroom needs teachers' profound learning and cultivation, and teachers' profound understanding of education and classroom. Strong discipline accomplishment needs accumulation, and profound classroom understanding needs critical thinking.
Teachers are cultural messengers sent by the adult world to the children's world. In classroom teaching, teachers are the leaders of students' learning. A truly efficient and intelligent classroom should not pursue superficial excitement, but should focus on cultivating students' listening habits, expression and communication skills and practical operation ability, expanding the depth and breadth of thinking, allowing students' thinking to truly participate in classroom teaching, igniting students' dreams, returning textbooks to teachers, returning learning to students and returning thinking to teachers and students.