It is essential for all students to master the basic knowledge needed to walk in the world driven by artificial intelligence.
In 20 17, the development plan of a new generation of artificial intelligence issued by the State Council clearly pointed out that "artificial intelligence has become a new focus of international competition", and China should "implement the national intelligence education project, offer artificial intelligence-related courses in primary and secondary schools, and gradually promote programming education" and "build artificial intelligence disciplines".
From 2065438 to 2008, the Ministry of Education issued the Action Plan of Education Informatization 2.0, which clearly required to improve the curriculum plan and standards, so that the content of artificial intelligence and programming courses in primary and secondary schools can fully meet the development needs of the information age and the intelligent age.
So, what kind of problems is artificial intelligence teaching facing? What aspects of the existing textbooks need to be improved? How to popularize and implement the artificial intelligence course?
First, to solve the problem of artificial intelligence teaching in large classes-the way to change
At present, many schools have invested a lot of resources in artificial intelligence equipment, but there are still many practical problems in fully popularizing artificial intelligence courses.
1. The teaching staff is insufficient.
At present, the teachers who teach artificial intelligence courses are mainly information technology or comprehensive practice teachers, but these two types of teachers are responsible for their own teaching tasks. It is not only difficult to undertake the teaching of artificial intelligence course in time and energy, but also there are many new professional knowledge to be further studied. Therefore, the school needs to establish a special team of artificial intelligence teachers to promote the smooth development of artificial intelligence popularization courses.
2. The classroom is disorganized
Because the hands-on practice of artificial intelligence course is relatively complicated and takes a long time, it is a great challenge for a teacher to organize large class teaching and lead more than 50 students to practice at the same time. Once the organization and management are unfavorable, it will directly affect the teaching efficiency of the course.
Therefore, the school should establish the classroom organization mechanism of artificial intelligence popularization course, so as to better promote the in-depth development of the course.
3. The curriculum design is fragmented
The main problems existing in the existing artificial intelligence textbooks are as follows: first, the design based on skill objectives weakens the cultivation of emotional and moral qualities; Second, taking multiple single small tasks as the learning theme, lacking the overall design of the project; Third, information technology is the mainstay, lacking the cultivation of students' multidisciplinary integration and application ability; Fourth, the course is mainly based on case presentation, lacking the cultivation of application transplantation and innovation.
Therefore, schools must determine the artificial intelligence research projects of each grade to promote the serialization of artificial intelligence popularization courses.
There are great differences among students.
The biggest problem facing the development of artificial intelligence popularization course is the difference between students. Because of students' different family backgrounds and learning foundations, there are great differences in their understanding and learning of artificial intelligence. How to make students with different cognition gain something in each class and make progress hand in hand is a great test for teachers. Therefore, teachers should explore the teaching mode of artificial intelligence popularization course to promote its good development.
5. Work sharing formalization
In the process of students' making works, teachers are generally busy solving students' various problems and have no energy to record the making process of each group of students with photos or videos. After the production is completed, due to the limitation of time and equipment, it is impossible for each group of students to share on stage in class. Generally, only one or two students can show it at most, and other students can only tear down the works in disappointment.
In addition, sometimes because students are not fully prepared, the implementation of process evaluation is not in place, and the quality and efficiency of sharing are not good. Therefore, teachers should optimize the classroom evaluation mode and explore the way of sharing by all staff to promote the long-term development of artificial intelligence popularization courses.
Faced with the above problems, the author faces the difficulties, explores effective strategies to promote the in-depth development of artificial intelligence popularization courses, reconstructs and optimizes the courses based on teaching materials and school conditions, and develops a project-based artificial intelligence popularization course suitable for large class teaching. The author led the students to slow down the pace of research and speed up the pace of practice, and carried out the construction and implementation of artificial intelligence courses based on the cultivation of core literacy of disciplines.
Second, the primary school artificial intelligence popularization curriculum design
1. Clarify the course objectives and improve the core literacy of the subject.
Does the author's school offer AI courses? The goal of Love Life course is to train students to become qualified citizens in an intelligent society through thematic inquiry activities. This course aims to improve students' innovative ability, comprehensive design ability and practical ability. It emphasizes that students can gain rich learning experience by directly experiencing the application of artificial intelligence technology on the basis of direct experience and personal experience, and cultivate students' ability to find problems in life, solve problems in practice and acquire knowledge in activities.
2. Reorganize the course content and establish the project theme.
Based on the series of "Future Intellectuals on AI" published by East China Normal University, the author has integrated and improved the artificial intelligence course items, set up the items to be carried out each semester, integrated the theme inquiry and life application, solved the problem that the original textbook emphasized skills over research, and took into account the integration of disciplines and humanistic quality, and designed a "vision" to enrich the course content.
Take the first book "Fantastic Animals on AI" as an example. In terms of theme, the original 18 theme in the textbook was compressed into three, and the construction and exploration of 12 animals were condensed into three, namely crocodile's big mouth, elephant's long nose and bird's wings. In terms of skills, design teaching has gradually advanced from familiarity with equipment to in-depth exploration of steering gear, and then to the application of sensors; In computational thinking, from single program to conditional program to comprehensive programming to solve problems, step by step.
In addition, the theme activities also combine the learning of animal bionics knowledge, the exploration of scientific principles, the investigation of animals in hometown and other practical experience activities, which enrich the content of project-based learning and integrate the application of knowledge such as language, mathematics, English, sound, animation and beauty, and realize the effective implementation of project-based learning.
Third, implement artificial intelligence popularization courses in primary schools.
1. Set up a "concentric circle" intelligent team-strengthen the construction of teaching staff
The teaching staff is an important condition for the smooth implementation of the artificial intelligence popularization course. The author established a team of artificial intelligence teachers in our school in the form of concentric circles.
Centering on teachers of information technology and comprehensive practical activities; Take the backbone teachers of mathematics and science and the teaching assistant team of artificial intelligence-related enterprises as the second link to work together; Taking young teachers in Chinese, music, fine arts, morality and rule of law, mental health and other disciplines as the third link, regular communication and research on how to apply subject knowledge to solve problems encountered in artificial intelligence learning are important supplements for course teachers and can effectively promote the smooth development of project-based learning.
2. Set up classes skillfully to ensure exploration time.
Course arrangement is a powerful guarantee for the smooth implementation of artificial intelligence popularization courses.
At the beginning of this semester, the academic affairs office of our school gave priority to the class hours of artificial intelligence popularization course, and arranged two classes in a row every week, which provided students with sufficient time for in-depth exploration and ensured that students' project practice could be carried out in depth instead of "going through the motions". The third and fourth classes are arranged in the morning, so that students can have enough time to arrange their equipment after completing their studies. Students who have not completed their studies can use their school time to improve their learning efficiency.
3. Carry out project learning to promote in-depth exploration.
Project-based learning is the catalyst for the smooth implementation of artificial intelligence popularization course. The author adopts a student-centered and project-based learning method, which can give full play to students' initiative, creativity and cooperative spirit. The artificial intelligence popularization course designed by the author is carried out through project-based activities, including project determination, problem discovery, problem raising, scheme formulation, practice verification, problem raising, improvement scheme, practice verification and problem solving. In the whole process, cultivate students' engineering thinking and promote the in-depth development of practical exploration.
Taking the big project of animal bionics as an example, two projects of "magic elephant" and "making friends with birds" were carried out to promote learning. Students start with the bionics knowledge of elephants and birds, start with elephants and birds around them, focus on the nose and wings of elephants, explore the improvement of structure and function, and realize creative materialization through construction and programming.
4. Explore isomorphic teaching methods in the same class to promote mutual assistance and cooperation.
The isomorphism in the same class is an effective model for the implementation of artificial intelligence popularization courses, that is, two (or more) teachers prepare lessons together, attend classes in the same class, and give full play to their respective specialties.
The most common artificial intelligence class in our school is the isomorphism of teachers in the same class of information technology and comprehensive practice. This method is very special. In continuous classes, teachers will organize classroom teaching according to their own specialties. When students are found to have problems in practice and need timely feedback, they will go directly to the stage to organize discussions.
Teachers of information, synthesis, mathematics and science, as well as teaching and auxiliary teams of enterprises, hold discussion activities around a theme every week, and determine teachers in corresponding theme links according to the progress of project-based learning. Teachers prepare lessons together for the same teaching content, and determine the specific combination of the same class isomorphism according to their respective specialties.
5. Establish "5EX" teaching mode and implement it in the classroom.
Professor Li Kedong of South China Normal University put forward "Project-based interdisciplinary learning activity design model-5EX model", which provided direction and guidance for the reform of artificial intelligence learning model.
The author introduces the knowledge involved into classroom teaching by creating real application scenarios, and guides students to experience and explore through small projects. For example, in the "Magic Elephant" project, the teachers of the project team lead the students through five links, 10 tasks, specifically:
6. Design the "Actor" student handbook to provide learning support.
The Actor learning manual provides a learning scaffold for artificial intelligence learning. According to the project design manual, the author and the students carry out activities and study according to the manual tasks, and record the process. The design of learning manual makes up for the problems of scattered topics and single goals in the original artificial intelligence teaching materials, and provides learning scaffolding for project-based learning. The learning scaffolding established by the author in the student handbook mainly includes 10 items: theme decomposition, extracurricular exploration, construction practice, programming exploration, problem solving, subject exploration, application innovation, shooting sharing, display evaluation and harvest expansion.
7. Implement formative evaluation with the help of "everyone is connected" cyberspace.
The national public service platform for educational resources provides strong support for the resource sharing and student evaluation of artificial intelligence courses. The platform can push learning resources for students, which is convenient for students to preview at home and conduct personalized learning in the classroom. You can use the student evaluation module in the "Everyone Connected" space to record the evaluation of the activity point, so that students can take photos and share videos on the production process. In this way, each work can be fully displayed and recorded before dismantling, and students and parents can watch the sharing videos of the whole class anytime and anywhere, learn from each other and comment.
Cyberspace records photos and videos of students learning artificial intelligence, as well as the points of each group activity, which alleviates the phenomenon that formative evaluation cannot be implemented due to lack of time in the process of popularizing artificial intelligence.
The improvement of students' intelligence literacy and the construction and development of artificial intelligence popularization courses have become challenges for primary and secondary schools and teachers in the new era. The construction of artificial intelligence popularization course should be more universal and forward-looking. Education authorities and schools should provide guarantee and support for the implementation of artificial intelligence popularization courses, and teachers in the new era should strive to lead students to forge ahead in the wave of artificial intelligence.
Source: china modern educational equipment.
Author Zheng Yafen, Siming District Teacher Training School, Xiamen City, Fujian Province.