Xunzi believes that education is a process of "turning nature into falsehood", accumulating knowledge and cultivating morality. Therefore, in teaching thought, contrary to Mencius' thought of introspection, he emphasized "external quality".

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First of all, briefly introduce Xunzi.

Xunzi's real name, the word Qing, was called in the Han Dynasty because he avoided the name of Han Dynasty. Zhao was a thinker, philosopher and educator at the end of the Warring States period. He was also a representative of Confucianism in the pre-Qin period and a master of a hundred schools of thought.

Second, Xunzi's educational thought.

1, pay attention to "product" and "gradual"

Xunzi can change his viciousness through education and become a gentleman or even a saint, but in fact not all people can become gentlemen, because human nature develops and changes in various ways with the environment and education, and the key lies in people's own subjective efforts, which are called "accumulation".

In Xunzi's view, both knowledge and morality are due to accumulation. He said: "It can be Yuyao, it can be a solution, it can be a craftsman, it can be a farmer, and it can be a mistake." "Misconception" refers to the influence and education of the objective environment on people.

Xunzi attaches importance to both the subjective "product" and the influence of environment on human development, which is what he calls "gradual progress". He believes that human nature can be fundamentally changed through subjective "products" and gradual "environment".

2. The teaching process of listening, watching, knowing and doing.

Xunzi said, "If you don't smell it, you will have it; if you don't see it, you will have it; if you don't know it, you will have it; if you don't do it, you will have it." This passage expresses the idea that stages and processes are unified in the learning process, and the primary stage of learning will inevitably develop into the advanced stage.

Listening and watching are the starting point and foundation of learning and the source of knowledge. People's learning begins to form different feelings through the contact with external objects such as ears, eyes, nose, mouth and shape, which makes further learning activities possible. Therefore, the saying goes, "You can't be like a man until you hear what you see." Smell and vision can only reflect one aspect of things separately, but can't grasp the whole and law of things.

The stage of cognition is actually a process of thinking. Xunzi said: "Everything you know is inexhaustible." Learning and being good at using the function of thinking to grasp the laws of things will enable you to cope with all kinds of new things freely.

Behavior is the highest stage of learning. He said: "The learning of a gentleman is also in the ear, in the heart, in the four bodies, and in the shape of movement." In his view, the knowledge gained through learning and thinking also contains the elements of hypothesis. Whether it is practical and reliable can only be verified by doing. Only in this way can "knowledge" be called "Ming".

3. Reveal the prejudice, and Chen Zhongheng.

Xunzi paid special attention to good thinking methods and learning mentality. He saw that in the process of learning, it is easy for people to hinder the understanding of the whole picture because of one-sidedness.

This way of thinking contains dialectical factors. Of course, Xunzi did not know how to reveal and solve contradictions. His criterion for measuring things is not objective practice, but "Tao" or "ceremony", which weakens the positive significance of this way of thinking.

4. Be quiet, focused and persistent.

Xunzi's teaching pays special attention to the cultivation of learning attitude, which he attributes to "emptiness and quietness", with special emphasis on concentration and perseverance.

Xunzi was particularly opposed to inattention and impetuousness. To become an "expert", we must persevere and work hard in one direction. Therefore, students' acquisition of knowledge and skills does not depend on ignorance and sensitivity. If they can persist in their efforts, they will certainly achieve something.