1. observation: under natural conditions, the external activities of psychological phenomena are systematically observed, so as to discover the laws and characteristics of psychological phenomena. Its advantages are that it can ensure the naturalness and authenticity of the psychological activities of the subjects, and it is simple and easy to do; The disadvantage is that the objectivity of the research is not guaranteed.
2. Experimental method: Experimental method is a method to explore the activity law of psychological phenomena by artificially controlling or generating certain psychological phenomena under certain conditions. This is the main method of scientific research. It can also be divided into natural experiments and laboratory experiments. Natural experiment refers to the method of observing the changes of teachers' or students' psychological activities under certain conditions in the actual educational situation according to the research purpose.
Its advantage is that it closely combines experimental research with teaching practice, which can better reflect the actual situation of education; However, because it is carried out under natural conditions, sometimes it is inevitable that the conditions are not strictly controlled.
Laboratory experiment is a method to explore the law of psychological activities under laboratory conditions by strictly controlling experimental conditions with certain experimental equipment or instruments. Its advantages are accurate control of experimental conditions and accurate and reliable research conclusions; However, because it is carried out in a specific man-made situation, there are some shortcomings in the generalization of the conclusion.
3. Investigation method: According to specific requirements, learn about the occurrence and conditions of a psychological activity from the subjects, so as to understand this psychological phenomenon. Specifically, it includes interview method, job analysis method, questionnaire method, case analysis method and educational experience summary method.